(完整版)倒装句和反义疑问句.doc

1、完全倒装与部分倒装1. 完全倒装1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。例如： In came the teacher and the class began.（老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）Theteacher came in and the class began.2) there 引出的完全倒装句： 除了最常见的 there be 句型以外，there 还可以接 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand 等，一般都译成 有 的含义，构成完全倒装句。例如： There appeared to be a man

2、in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）=A man in black appear in the distance.3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词 here, there 和时间副词 now, then开头，后面的动词是 be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。例： Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.（那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。）=A beautiful girlsits un

3、der that tree.例： Down jumped the burglarfrom the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistolat him. =The burglar jump down from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistolat him.注意：1) 在 here, there 引出的倒装句中， 当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句， 但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！ 注意实意谓语动

4、词位于主语之前。）Herewe are. （我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别：例： Here is the picture I love.（这正是我所喜爱的画。）The picture I love is here.（我所喜爱的画在这里。）3) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。例： Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）2. 部分倒装1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分

5、（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。例：were she to leave right now, she would get there on Sunday.如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到达那里2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。例： In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience

6、 four seasons inthe course of a single day.3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little,seldom, scarcelywhen, never, no soonerthan, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not）only等以及only 。例： Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考。如用自然语序，句子就

7、应该改写为：Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是， 前者将 only under special circumstances放到句首， 表示对状语的强调。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be 可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。注意：a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：例： Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mist

8、ake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）c) 如果 hardly, scarcely 后面接的是 any, ever, at all时，意义类似 almost no/ not/ never （几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。例： Hardly any people having been invited went there. （几乎没有什么受

9、到邀请的人去那里了。）4) 由 no matter how, however 和 how 引导的状语从句要求部分倒装， 因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：例： I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is. （我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）由 as 引导的部分倒装句：a) 当 as 作为比较意义时， 即用于 as + adj./ adv. + as 结构中时，如果把第一个 as 省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。例：

10、 Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didnt seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question. （正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).b) 当 as 引导让步状语时，和although, though（她跑下楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）一样，当用作 “尽管 ”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。例： _, there was no hope of her bein

11、g able to sleep.A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhaustedC) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted答案是 C) Exhausted though she was。从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词 （或形容词化的分词） 、名词或动词原形开头， 主语必须位于从句之后。里的引导词 Now that 表示 “既然 ”；B) If she was exhausted D) Now that she was exhausted

12、表示条件 “如果 ”； A) As she was exhausted表示 “由于 ”（因为使用的是正语序），都与后面句子的意思不通顺。c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了， 我们决定不打扰他。）d) 等于 so 时，意义是 “也，也是 ”例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力， 她的丈夫工作也很努力。）3. 其它情况的倒装句1) so, neither, nor 除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形

13、容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。a) 当 so 表示 “也，相同，那样 ”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：例： I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).（我让他在5 点以前完成实验，他做到了。）b) so /suchthat句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such 和 that 之间的部分：例： So unreasonable was his price that everybody startle

14、d.（他的要价如此之高，令每个人都瞠目结舌。）To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.（她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于两个演员都走出去了。）c) neither 和 nor 共有 4 种倒装形式，其含义分别为：完全倒装时：表示也不 ，和 a ）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。例：You dont know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道该做什么， 我也不知道。 ）和其它否定副词连用，表示也（不） ，也要求用完全倒装句：例： The

15、 besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）注意：若把这句话改成： The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。） 就不必倒装。例： She never laughed, _ lose her temper.A) or she ever didB) nor did she everC) or did she everD) nor she ever did本题的句子是一个并列

16、句，全句意思是：“她从来不大声笑，也没有发过脾气”。当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时，后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor（或neither ）连接。此外， nor（或 neither ）连接的分句应当用倒装句，及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前。所以 B) nor did she ever 是答案。本句相当于： , and shenever lost her temper, either。1) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：例： All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）2) 部分倒装

17、，有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：例： A: I couldnt do anything for her.（我帮不了她。）B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：例：America consumes more energy than did our country.Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.（美国消耗能源比我们国家多。（她的脸色苍白，她的

18、手更白。）反义疑问句1、遵循 “前否后肯”或“前肯后否”的原则： Jim isn t in Class Four, is he?2、前后两句主语相：Mr Zhang has beenhere for four years, hasn t he?3、主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：前句主语后句主语例句This/thatThis is your brother,isn t it?SomethinganythingItNothing is serious,is it?everythingnothingV.ing/to v.Swimming is great fun,isn t it?These/

19、thosetheyThose are books,aren t they?Everybody/everyoneSomeboby/someoneAnybody/anyoneBothandNobodyhad betterwould rather + 动词原形 ”would like to + 动词原形 ”I amLet meLet s let usLet 接第三人称感叹句否定的祈使句表示邀请 ,请求的祈使句表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句He/theyEveryone knows this,don t they?(Everyone knows this ,doesn t he?)They/you/weB

20、oth Tom and Jack came, didn t they?HeNobody likes to lose money, does he?should 或 hadWe had better go right now, shouldn twe/ hadn twe?wouldn tYoudlike to have some bananas, wouldn tyou?Aren t II am your friend, aren tI?will you 或Let me help you, may I?may Ishall weLet sgo for a walk, shall we?will

21、youLet us do it by ourselves, will you?will youLet him come in, will you?Isn tWhat fine weather, isntit?it/aren t ?WillyouDontmake a noise, will / can you?can youwillyouCome here, will you?wontyou/you?would youTurn off the light, willwill you 、can you、Stop talking, can you?would youWrite down the ne

22、w words, will you / wontyou?can tyou 、wontyou：4、谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：前谓语后谓语例句have (有 )have 或 doMary has two brothers, doesn tshe / hasn tshe?have (有 )与陈述He hasn talot of time, has he?部分一致have 不做 “有 ”用 doThey all have a good time, don tthey?have to用 do 或 haveWe have to get up early, don twe / haven twe?

23、have got to用 haveWe have got to answer all the questions, haven twehad better用 should 或 hadWe had better go right now, shouldn twe/ hadn twemaymay 主语 + notThey may be here next week, may they not?must(必须 )用 needn tYou must do it today, needn tyou?must(应该 )用 mustn tI must study hard, mustn tI?mustn t

24、用 must 或 mayYou mustn ttalk like that, must you?实义动 need 和 dear用 doHe needs help, doesnthe?情态动 need 和 dear用 need 和 dearHe dare not say so, dare he?needn t用 need 或 mustHe needn tdothat, must he?“would rather + 动词原形 ”用 wouldntYoudlike to have some bananas,wouldntyou?“ wouldlike to + 动词原形 ”“ oughtto +

25、动词原形 ”用 oughtn t或We ought to go there, shouldn twe?shouldn t“ usedto +didn t+主语 ”He used to live in London, usedn the/ didn the?动词原形 ”usedn t主语 ”5、句中有 seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等是否定句 ,疑问部分必须采用肯定形式：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?He is hardly able t

26、o swim, is he?There is little ink in your pen, is there?反义疑问句经典题1.Linda ate nothing this morning, _?A. didn t sheB. was sheC. did sheD. wasn t she2.There s hardly_ milk in the bottle, _there?A. no, isnBt. some, isC. little, isnD.any,t is3.He has never ridden a horse before, _?A. does heB. has heC. h

27、asn t heD. doesn t he4. He seldom came here, _? Yes sir.A. didn t he B. does heC. doesn t heD. did he5. Everything seems all right, _ ?A. does itB. don t they C. won t it D. doesn t it7. One can t be too modest, can _ ?A. oneB. heC. itD. we8. No one failed in the exam, _ ?A. was heB. did oneC. did t

28、heyD. didn t he10.Neither you nor I am a artist, _ ?A. am IB. aren t we C. are weD. amn t I11.He can t be her father, _ he?A. isB. isn tC. canD. can t12.They have no time to visit the museum, _?A. do theyB. haven t they C. don t they D. will they14.You d better go at once, _ you?A. hadn t B. didC. d

29、i dn t D. don t15.You d rather work than play, _ you?A. hadn t B. wouldn t C. didn tD. mustn t16.You dare not do that, _ you?A. don t B. doC. dareD. daren t18.He dislikes the two subjects, _ he?A. doesB. doesn t C. isD. isn t19.These tools are useless now, _ ?A. are theyB. aren t they C. is itD. isn

30、 t it20.He used to get up at 6:30, _ he?A. didn t he B. did heC. used heD. wouldn t he22.He ought to win the first prize, _ he?A. mustn t B. oughtn tC. shouldn Dt. Both B and C.23.Let s go there by bus, _?A. will youB. shall weC. don t you D. will you24.Let us go to play football, _?A. will youB. shall weC. do weD. are