中学英语老师宝典 公式破解倒装句

1、编号：时间：2021年x月x日学海无涯页码：第17页 共17页中学英语老师宝典 公式破解倒装句公式一：“副词+谓语+主语”独立的副词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，即谓语完全置于主语之前。相应的副词有1、表地点：here、there；2、表时间：now、then；3、表方位：in、out、up、down、on、over、away；4、表程度或频率：often、long、not once、many a time；5、拟声词bang等等。【典型例题】 and caught the mouse. a. up the cat jumped b. the cat up jumpedc. up jumped

2、the cat d. jumped up the cat【问题解析】选项中有副词up出现，依据以上公式将其置于句首，可排除b项与d项；又因副词up提前，整个句式完全倒装，可排除掉“up+主语+谓语”的a项；综上分析，正确答案为c项，意为“那只猫跳了起来抓住了老鼠”。【特别关注】该公式使用的充要条件是主语为名词。若主语为代词，则整个句式不发生倒装。例如：1、 and the lesson began.a. in came mr. brown b. mr. brown in camec. in came he d. came in mr. brown2、where is your father?

3、oh, .a. here he comes b. he here comesc. here does he come d. here comes hekey：a a公式二：“介词短语+谓语+主语”介词短语置于句首，强调句中的地点状语、时间状语、目的状语等等，整个句式完全倒装，谓语前置。【典型例题】 who was wounded in the stomach. a. among them were a soldier b. among them was a soliderc. among them a solider was d. among they was a solider【问题解析】

4、介词短语为among them，排除掉d项中的主格形式they；由公式可得，其后接谓语动词，可排除c项；a项与b项的区别在于谓语动词的单复数问题，谓语后的主语为a solider，故谓语动词应该用单数，即正确答案为b项，意为“一个腹部受伤的士兵在他们中间。” 【特别关注】该类倒装用以平衡句子结构，故也可不倒装。例如：on either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings. = many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两

5、侧。公式三：“so+谓语+主语”；“so +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that”so+谓语+主语，意为“也是这样”，so置于句首，整个句式完全倒装；其否定形式公式为nor/neither+谓语+主语，意为“也不是”， nor/neither置于句首，整个句子完全倒装。so +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that，意为“如此以致于”，so + adj./adv.置于句首，整个句式部分倒装。完全倒装与部分倒装的区别在于：完全倒装是将谓语完全置于主语之前，而部分倒装的主语则被助/系/情态动词与实意动词夹在中间。【典型例题】1、she plays the piano very well, _. a. s

6、o every one of us does b. every one of us does c. so does every one of us d. so do every one of us 2、so absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals. a. had she been in; do b. she was in; make c. was she in; take d. she had been in; have 【问题解析】1、so一般置于句首，可排除b项；so置于句首完全倒装，为谓主结构，可排除a项；c项与d

7、项的区别在于谓语动词的单复数问题，取决于主语every one of us，又因包含every的主语通常用作单数，故正确答案为c项，意为“她钢琴弹得很好，我们这每个人也弹得不错。”2、so+形容词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装，可排除、两项，a项与c项的区别在于所用时态不同，又有often一词可知，句中forgot与was absorbed in两个动作为过去经常发生的动作，且两者相伴而生，不存在动作的先后，可排除a项中的过去完成时，故正确答案为c项，意为“她是如此专注于她的工作，以至于经常忘记吃饭。”【特别关注】so的易混考点有：so+主语+谓语（的确如此），表达对前面情形的肯定；so+谓语+主

8、语（也是这样）表达一种情形相同或类似，而so it is (the same) with sb.（也是这样）所表达的是两种或两种以上情形相同或相似。例如：1、david has made great progress recently. _, and _. a. so he was; so you are b. so he has; so have you c. so has he; so have you d. so has he; so you have 2、marx was born in germany and german was his native language. _. a.

9、 so it was with engels b. so was it with engels c. so was engels d. so did engels key：b a 公式“so +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that”的姊妹公式为“such+名词+谓语+主语+that”，例如： such a noise _that_in the officea. is there; i couldnt work b. there is; couldnt workc. was there; i couldnt work d. there was; couldnt i workkey：c公式四：“否定

10、意义词+助/系/情态动词+主+实意动词”常见的否定意义词或短语有：not、never、seldom、rarely、by no means、in no time、at no time、under no circumstance、hardly when、scarcely when、no sooner than、not only (but also)、not until等等，否定意义词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装。【典型例题】not until the early year of the 19th century _ what heat is.a. man did know b. man knewc.

11、 didnt know d. did man know【问题解析】not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而 know是实意动词不能直接提前，所以需借助助动词did，依据公式可知，正确答案为d项，意为“直到19世纪早期，人们才知道什么是热能。”【特别关注】1、倒装句本身就是一种强调形式，故倒装句不能与it is/was that/who 这一强调句型交叉使用。例如：it is not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.a. when man knew b. when did man knowc. that m

12、an knew d. that did man know学生误解：首先，句中包含强调句型it is that，其最大特点为将其划掉不影响句意，学生划掉句中的it is that；其次，not until这一否定意义词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装，由部分倒装的公式可得：did man know；最后，既包含强调句型it is that，又同时包含部分倒装结构的选项为d项，即该题目的正确答案为d项。教师点拨：学生能够看出强调句型it is that，可以排除a、b两项，强调的内容为not until引导的时间状语从句，而学生第二步中分析的部分倒装结构也强调了同样的内容，这恰是英语中所忌讳的重复表达，

13、故这两个强调用法不能交叉使用，正确答案为c项。2、“hardly when、scarcely when、no sooner than”这三个结构均表达同样的意思：“刚就”，由此可推知，该句型中存在动作的先后，故hardly、scarcely、no sooner后一般接过去完成时“had done”。类似用法还用never（从来没有），用法有二：其一，说话人站在现在某点说“从来没有”，never后接现在完成时“have done”；其二，说话人站在过去某点说“从来没有”，never后接过去完成时“had done”。例如：no sooner _ the bus stop than the bus

14、 started.a. i reached b. did i reach c. i had reached d. had i reachedi finally got the job i dreamed about. never in all my life _ so happy.a. did i feel b. i felt c. i had felt d. had i feltkey：d d公式五：“only+助/系/情态动词+主+实意动词”副词only置于句首，后常接when引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，然后整个句式发生部分倒装。【典型例题】only when the war was o

15、ver _ to his hometown.a. did the young soldier return b. the young soldier returnedc. returned the young soldier d. the young soldier did return【问题解析】only后接when引导的时间状语从句，整个句式部分倒装，意为“只有才”，可以排除b、d两项；又有公式可知，returned为实意动词，不可提前，需借助助动词did来构成部分倒装，可排除d项，故正确答案为a项，意为“只有战争结束了，这个年轻的士兵才能回家乡”。【特别关注】当only所修饰的是整个句子

16、的主语时，整个句式不倒装，用自然语序。例如：only teachers went to the art gallery yesterday.（昨天只有老师去了美术馆。）公式六：“should / were / had+主语+谓语”在非真实条件句中，高考中常考查其省略形式，即省去引导词if，同时提前should、were或had，后接主谓结构，构成部分倒装的公式。【典型例题】_ it snow, the crops would grow better.a. had b. would c. were to d. should【问题解析】句意为“如果天能够下雪的话，庄稼会长势喜人。”，显然这是对将来

17、某情形的虚拟，从句中可以使用公式“if+过去时/ should do / were to do”，主句中使用公式“would do”；又因省略引导词if，可以提前的词有should、were或had，取两个条件的交集，可得出正确答案d项，可还原为if it should snow, the crops would grow better.【特别关注】were it not for“如果要不是”，had it not been for“如果当时要不是”，两个句式几乎成了固定句式。例如：were it not for your help, i would never be a good boss.

18、要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了好老板。had it not been for you, i would have lost my way.当时要不是你，我就迷路了。公式七：“分词 / 形容词+谓语+主语”分词（现在分词与过去分词）与形容词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，起到平衡句子成分的作用。【典型例题】1、distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. the ceremony of the 50th anniversary this morning are our alumni（校友）from home and abroad.a.

19、 attend b. to attend c. attending d. having attended2、 at the meeting were mostly old workers between the age of 50 and 60 last week.a. to present b. to presenting c. present d. presented【问题解析】 1、当看不清倒装句式时，可将其还原为自然语序“distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. our alumni（校友）from home and abroad are the ceremony of the 50th anniversary this morning.”，显而易见，考查attend的现在进行时用法，即正确答案为c项，意为“尊敬的来宾、朋友们，欢迎来到我校，今天来自国内外的校友们云集我校，出席50周年校庆”。 【特别关注】解题中的转化思想：当句式