职称英语《理工类B级》真题及答案

1、最好口碑最强师资最高通过率鬻晨英语理工类b级2015年职称英语理工类b级真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项1.the organization was bold enough to face the press.a.pleasedb powerfulc, braved sensible3.1 will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.a. acceptb.controlc.observed, regulate4.1 realized to my horror that i had forgotten the present.a.limit

2、b fearc.powerd fool4. most people find rejection hard to accept.a. excuseb. clientc.destinyd. refusal5 shes extremely competent and industrious.a.hardworkingb honestc. objective联硕教育：方关不页激有了 j tvir. liansbuoedix. cookd. independent6. the doctors did not reveal the truth to hinta. hideb. handlec. disc

3、losed. establish7. he tried to assemble his thoughts.a. clearb. sharec. gatherd. spare8. the law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.a. messageb.punishmentc. guiltd. obligation9. prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.a. flexibleb.terriblec. reasonabled.serious10. these pr

4、oducts are inferior to those we brought last year.a. poorer thanb. narrower thanc. larger thand.richer than11. the political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.a. improvedb.changedc. worsenedd developed12. there was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.a. coexistingb.

5、fairc.如nd pubic13. they re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.a.requestingb.planningc.preparingd looking14. he said some harsh words about his brother.a. unkindb properc.normald unclear15. ve were attracted by the lure of quick money.a. amountb.supplyc. sumd. temp

6、第二部分：阅读判断最好口碑最强师资最高通过率adhd linked to air pollutantschildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school* if their noses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. that1 s the finding of a new study. released when things aren, t burned completely, t

7、his pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or pahs. the biggest sources of these pahs： the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.frederica perera works at columbia university1 s mailman school of public health is new york city. she researches how exposure to things in the environm

8、ent affects childrens health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in new york city. because burning tobacco can spew（排放）pahs into the air and lungs, pereras team focused on nonsmokers. the researchers wanted to probe （探查）other source

9、s of pahs, ones that* s would have been hard for an individual to avoid.the team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. the reason any pahs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention probl

10、ems in those children, now age 9. they asked each childs mother a series of questions. these included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained （长期的）mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. the scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instruction

11、s or made frequent, careless mistakes. all of these can be symptoms of a disorder called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or adhd. about one in u.s. children has adhd.among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, perera and her team su

12、spect. some of these women had low levels of pahs in their blood, ohters had high levels. those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9 the new findings were published november 5 in the journal plos one.16. perera and her team chose nonsmoki

13、ng pregnant women all over america.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned17. the main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to pahs played a role in harming the subjects* physical health.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned18. nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on pa

14、hs was unclear.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned19. the blood of each woman vas tested once a month during pregnancy.arightb wrongc. not mentioned20. kids with adhd commonly fail in school.a、 rightb、 wrongc.not mentioned21. the women with high levels of pahs in their blood were more likely to have ki

15、ds with adhd.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned22. traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of pahs for the subjects in the research.a. rightb. wrongc. not mentioned第3部分：概况大意与完成句子（第2寸so题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试认识：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第4段每段选择1个最 佳标题；第27飞0题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项

16、。first image-recognitions software1）dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2） the new system, witch was tested on photos and is now being applied to vi

17、deos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm（运算法贝（!） for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient! enough to improve large-scale document searches online. the system uses pixel （像素）data in images and potentially video-rather than just text-to locate documents. it

18、 learns to recognize the pixels associatedwith a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. the knowledge gleaned（收集）from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions（图片说明），making for more accurate document search results.联硕激育tw. linnshu

19、oedil ccgq3)“over the last 30 years, “ says associate professor korenzo torresani, a co-author of the study, the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modem, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. when

20、a person looks at a web page, he immediately get the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. yet, sruprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as google or bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of wed pages to perform the document re

21、trieval. our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”4)the researchers designed and tested a machine vision system-a type of artificialintelligence t

22、hat allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed- that extracts semantic (语义的)information from pixels of photos in web pages. this information is used to enrich the description of the html page used by search engines for document retrieval. the researchers tested their approach usin

23、g more than 600 search queries (wifo) on a database of 50 million wed pages. they selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the web pages. they found tht this p

24、roduced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.2s. paragraph24. paragraph25 paragraph26.paragrapha.popularity of the new systemb.publication of the new discoveryc. function of the new systemd. artificial intelligence software createde. problems of

25、theexisting search enginesf. improvementi indocument retrieval联硕教育：wwv.教anshuoedu. com27 .the new system28 . the new systemdoes document retrieval by is expected to improve precision in29. when performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore30. the new system was found more effectiv

26、e in document search than thea. information in imagesb. current popular search enginesc.using photosd. machine vision systemse document searchf. description of the html page第四部分：阅读理解第一篇 why buy shade-grown coffee?when people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they re usually thinking of

27、the health of the coffee drinker. is it food for your heart? does it increase blood pressure? does it help you concentrate? however, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous （ 生土长的）trees. h

28、owever, more and more fanners in latin america are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. at first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arenj t any trees. with increased production come increased profits.unfortunately, deforesting for coffee productio

29、n immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. native birds nest and hide from predators （捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee

30、. the fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. the chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people vill eventually drink.fortunately, farmers in central and south america are begi

31、nning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. we can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shad。 grown* and bird friendly. sure, these varieties might cost a little xoore. but we re paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. i think its worth it.31

32、. what is the main idea of this passage?文章的主旨是a. farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.农民正改变他们种咖啡的方式b. coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.种植咖啡越来越贵c. shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.蔽光生长的咖啡比向光生长的咖 啡贵d. people should buy shade-grown coffee.人们应该买蔽光生长的咖啡32. the

33、 function of the word *traditionally* in paragraph 2 is to show段落 2 中的 traditionally作用是来显示a. the positive effects of coffee.咖啡的积极作用b. a change of coffee growth.咖啡成长的变化c. something that is the most important.最重要的事情联硕漱肓5 tw. 1 ianshiloedil ccen最好口碑最强师资最高通过率d. how coffee production used to be.咖啡生产过去如何3

34、3. what does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?阳光充足的咖啡增加的产 量带来什么？a. more insects.更多的昆虫b. better quality coffee,质量更好的咖啡c. larger farms.更大的农场d. higher profits.更高利润34. how do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?农民如何找更多的土地来种植 阳光充足的咖啡a. they buy more land from other farme

35、rs.b.they cut down trees.c. they move to another country.d they turn grassland into farmland.35. the full-sun method nay affect the following except full sun 方式可能影响以下a. insects.昆虫b. air.空气c. brids.鸟d. humans 人类第二篇 more rural research is neededagricultural research funding is vital if the world is to

36、 feed itself better than it does now. dr. tony fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2. 5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.“the global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reve

37、rsed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition（营养不良）and poverty. he said.research is needed to solve food production, land degradation（贫济化）and environmental problems. secure local food supplies led to economic grorth which is turn, slowed population growth. dr. fischer pain

38、ted a picture of the world s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the worlds population is expected to rise from 5 x to x billion people. he said that things will probably hold or improve but there11 still be a lot of hungry people. the biggest concentration of poor and hungry people w

39、ould be in sub-saharan africa and southern asia in 2020, similar to the currenti pattern. if there is any change, a slighe improvement will be seen in southern asia but not in sub-saharan africa. the major inyjrovement will be in east asia, south america and south-east asia.the debeloping world was

40、investing about 0. 5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product（gdp）on research and developed world was spending 2. 5% of its gdp. dr. fischer said more vas needed from all countries.he said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as w

41、heat production research having spin-offs （有用的副产品）for mexico, china or india.technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently. dr. fischer said.yields of rice, wheat ad maize （玉米

42、）have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countriest for example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. but technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. if you

43、want to save the land for nonagricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you re going to have to increase yield. ” dr. fischer said.36. what is the passage mainly about?a. shortage of food supplies.食物供应短缺b. development of agricultural technologies.农业技术的发展c. impact of agricultural research.农业研

44、究的影响d expectation of population growth.人口 增长的期望值37. which of the following statements is true about the world s agricultural research funding? 关于世界农业研究资金一下正确的是a. it is increasing among developed countries.发达国家的正在增长b. it is decreasing worldwide,全球都在下降c. less is demanded from developing countries.发展中国

45、际比较不需要d. most of it is spent very efficiently.大部分都高效使用38. what is the picture of asia s food supplies in the first 25 years?在第一个 25 年中， 亚洲食物供应的图景是什么a. food shortage will not be a problem 食物短缺不再是问题b. there will be more hungry people in southern asia 在南亚会布更多饥饿的人c. population growth will result in more

46、 hungry people.人口增长会导致更多饥饿的人d. there vill be fewer hungry people in east asia.东亚饥饿的人会减少39. what does dr. fischer say about technologies? dr fischer 关于技术说了什么a. they are costly.他们贵联硕教育：wwv.教anshuoedu. com联硕俄肓段 wvr. lianshiloechi- com最好口碑最强师资最高通过率b. they have to be improved to meet local needs.必须提高来满足当

47、地的需求c. their application is limited,应用很少d they have to be applied locally,必须应用在当地40. it can be infered from the last paragraph that.从最后一段可以推测出来a. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.有需要为非农业活动 节省土地b. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.在发展中国家，种植业发展更

48、 快c. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.玉米产量在 1990 年代达到最高for example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995 只 是说上升了并没有说达到最高错误d technologies improving maize production have been well developed. 提高玉米产量的技术 已经很好的发展第三篇 dangers await babies with altitudewom

49、en who live in the world1 s highest conmnmities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. these babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. but it wasn，t clear whet

50、her this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished - many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.to find out more, dino giussani and his team at cambridge university studied the records of 400 bi

51、rths in bolivia during 1976 and 1998. the babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities： la paz and santa cruz. l paz is the highest city in the world, at 3. 65 kilometers above sea level, while santa cruz is much lower, at 0. 44 kilometers.sure enough, giussani found that the average b

52、irthweight of babies in la paz was significantly lower than in santa cruz. this was true in both high and lor-income families. even babies born to poor families in santa cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty la paz. we were very surprised by this result, “ says g

53、iussani.the results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “this may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child * says giussani.his team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads co

54、mpared with their bodies. this is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. people born in la paz might be prone to heart trouble in adult

55、hood, for example. low birthweight isa risk factor for coronary（冠状的）heart disease. and newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.41. what does the new study discover?a. babies born to wealthy families are heaver.b. w

56、omen living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.c. newborns in cities are lighter than average.d low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.42. giussani and his team are sure that .a, babies born in lance paz are on average lighter than in santa cruz.b,

57、 people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.c, the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is santa cruz.d, mothers in la paz are commonly underfourished.43. it can be inferred from what giussani says in paragraph 4 that.a. the finding was unexpectedb. he was ver

58、y tired.c. the study took longer than expected.d. he was surprised to find lowincome families in la paz.44. the results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is .a. lack of certain nutrition.b. powerty of their mother.c. different family backgrounds.d reduction of oxygen levels.45. it can be le