GRC产品制造、养护和试验规范(中英两语版).doc

1、1 introduction （引言）1.1 scope （范围）this specification covers the requirements for the manufacture, curing and testing of grc products. it gives detailed requirements for five grades of grc manufactured by two different methods:本规范包括grc产品的制造、养护和试验要求。它给出了用两种不同方法制造的五个等级grc的详细要求。x spray grades 18 and 18p

2、“喷射”等级18和18px premis grades 10 and 10p “预混”等级18和18px premis grade 5 “预混”等级5p refers to the use of acrylic polymer emulsion in the grc mix design. the specification covers mixes with and without polymers. selection of the applicable grade should be made by the purchaser in consultation with the produ

3、cer and after consideration of the engineering design of the product.p表示在grc配合比中使用丙烯酸聚合物乳液。本规范包括含有或不含有聚合物的混合料，适用等级的选择应该由购买方和生产商在考虑产品的工程设计之后协商确定。1.2 references （参考文献）standards and other publications referred to in this specification are listed in appendix d.本规范中涉及的标准和其它规范在附录d中列出。1.3 definitions（定义）un

4、cured state（未养护状态）the stage in the manufacture of grc when all physical processes that could alter composition of the material are complete but the fibre can still be separated from the matrix by the action of running water.在grc制造过程中，所有可能改变材料组分的物理过程完成、但是通过流水纤维仍然能够从基材中分离的阶段。aggregate/cement ratio（集料/

5、水泥比（集灰比）the ratio of the mass of total dry aggregate to the mass of dry cement in the grc.grc中总的干集料质量与干水泥质量之比。water/cement ratio（水灰比）the ratio of the mass of total water to the mass of dry cement in the grc in the uncured state. when pozzolanic fillers are used they can be considered as cementitious

6、 and the water/cement ratio can be expressed as a water/total binder ratio, examples of such pozzolanic fillers are pulverized fuelash, microsilica and metakaolin.在未养护状态的grc中，总的水质量与干水泥质量之比。当使用火山灰质填料时，它可被考虑作为胶凝材料，水灰比可用水/总胶凝材料比表示；这种火山灰质填料有磨细粉煤灰、微硅粉和偏高岭土。glass fibre content by weight (wf)（玻璃纤维质量含量（wf）t

7、he ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the mass of glassfibre to the mass of grc in the uncured state.玻璃纤维质量与未养护状态grc质量之比（用百分数表示）characteristic property（特征性能）the value of a property above which 95% of the population of all possible measurements of that property of the specified grc are expected to

8、lie.期望固定grc性能测试结果的95%以上达到的性能值。test board（试验板）a sheet of grc manufactured during production for the purpose of assessing the quality of the grc products being made. the test board should, if possible, be a specimen of the product itself. if this is not possible the test board should be made in the sa

9、me way and at the same time as the grc in the product so that it is representative of the quality and thickness of the grc.为了评价正在生产的grc产品质量，在生产过程中制造的grc平板。如果可能，试验板应该是产品本身的样品；如果不可能，试验板应该用与grc产品同样方法在同样时间制造，以代表grc的质量和厚度。test coupons（试验样品）specimens taken from a test board for the purpose of determining

10、a property.为了测定性能从试验板上取得的样品。test sample（试验样品）the total number of coupons taken from a test board and tested to determine a property of that test board.从试验板取得的样品的总数量，测定试验板性能的样品。test board mean（试验板平均值）the arithmetic mean value for a property calculated from all the individual test coupon results from

11、one test board. for statistical analysis, this mean is regarded as one result.对一块试验板上所有的单个试验样品性能结果计算的算术平均值。对于统计分析，这个平均值被看作是一个结果。producer（生产商）the person or authority entering into a contract to manufacture a grc product.签订制造grc产品合同的人员或权威人士。purchaser（购买方）the person or authority entering into a contrac

12、t to buy a grc product.签订购买grc产品的人员或权威人士。supplier（供应商）the person or authority entering into a contract to supply goods to the producer.签订为生产商提供货物的人员工权威人士。engineer（工程师）the person or authority responsible for the design of the grc component.对grc构件设计负责的人员或权威人士。polymer-modified grc（聚合物改性grc）grc which ha

13、s been modified by the addition of an acrylic thermoplastic polymer dispersion either for dry curing or for property enhancement.为了干养护或者为了提高性能，通过加入丙烯酸热塑性聚合物分散剂而改性的grc。dry curing（干养护）a method of curing which prevents early loss of moisture and allows curing to take place without keeping the grc damp.

14、 dry curing is carried out by adding an appropriate quantity of the polymer into the grc mix. (see section 4.5.)防止早期水分流失并允许养护时不必保持grc潮湿的一种养护方法，通过在grc混合物中加入适量的聚合物进行干养护（见4.5节）slump test（塌落度试验）a test for measuring the consistency of the cementitious slurry.测试水基浆体稠度的方法。bag and bucket tests（袋和桶试验）methods

15、 for the calibration of grc spray equipment.校准grc喷射设备的方法。spray grc（喷射grc）a method of manufacture in which grc is produced by simultaneously spraying cementitious slurry and chopped glass fibre.同时喷射水泥浆体和短切玻璃纤维生产grc的方法。premix grc（预混grc）a method of manufacture in which the pre-cut glass fibres and the

16、cementitious slurry are blended during mixing.将预先切断的玻璃纤维在搅拌过程中与水泥浆体混合的制造方法。mist coat （薄雾层）an initial cementitious sprayed coating without glass fibre.初始水泥浆体喷射层，不含玻璃纤维。facing coat（面层）an initial layer without fibre but containing decorative sands or aggregates and often pigment.不含纤维但是含有装饰砂或集料各颜料的初始层。g

17、rca（grca）the international glassfibre reinforced concrete association.国际玻璃纤维增强混凝土协会。grca approved manufacturers scheme (ams)（grca认可的制造商程序（ams）the grca system of accreditation by assessment of the ability of manufacturers to provide the necessary resources and equipment to meet the quality levels req

18、uired of grc products.grca信赖体系，借此评价制造商提供的必要资源和设备以满足grc产品要求质量水平的能力。high shear mixer（高剪切搅拌机）a mixer with a high shear action capable of the preparation of the fine sand/cement slurries required for the spray process.具有高剪切作用可制备喷射工艺所需要细砂水泥浆体能力的搅拌机。premix mixer（预混搅拌机）a two-stage mixer designed to prepare

19、 fine sand/cement slurries (stage 1) and to blend in chopped glass fibres (stage 2) in the premix process.在预混工艺中，为制备细砂水泥浆体（步骤1）和混合短切玻璃纤维（步骤2）而设计的两步骤搅拌机。mfft（mfft）minimum film formation temperature (for acrylic polymers).最低成膜温度（对于两烯酸聚合物）。limit of proportionality (lop)（比例极限（lop）also known as elastic l

20、imit. the stress in a flexural bending test where the stress/strain plot deviates from a straight line.也称为弹性极限，在弯曲试验中应力应变曲线上偏离直线的点的应力。modulus of rupture (mor)（断裂模量（mor）the highest stress on a stress/strain plot during a flexural bending test.在弯曲试验中，应力应变曲线上的最高应力。top/bottom ratio（上部/下部比）the ratio of t

21、he mor results of samples tested with the mould face in tension to those with trowelled face in tension.试验样品模型面在受拉区所得到的结果与试验样品抹平面在受拉区所得到的结果的比值。2 constituent materials（组成材料）2.1 alkali-resistant glass fibre（耐碱玻璃纤维）glass fibre shall be an alkali-resistant continuous filament fibre developed and formula

22、ted to have high strength retention in hydraulic cement environments. the producer shall provide certification from the supplier to show that the glass fibre conforms to this requirement. suitable alkali-resistant glass fibres are cem-fil manufactured by saint gobain/vetrotex and neg arg fibre manuf

23、actured by nippon electric glass.为在水泥水化环境中保持高强度保留率而开发各配置的的耐碱连续玻璃纤维。生产商应该提供来自供货商的证明以表明玻璃纤维符合这个要求。适用的耐碱玻璃纤维是圣戈班/vetrotex制造的cem-fil和日本电硝子公司制造的neg arg纤维。2.2 cement（水泥）cement shall be supplied by a manufacturer of assessed capability and made to recognized standards acceptable to the specifier and other

24、parties involved supported by suitable certification.水泥应该同具备能力的制造商提供，应该按照分类和其他相关组织团体接受的标准生产，并有适当的证明作支撑。cement shall be correctly stored and kept dry to avoid deterioration.水泥应该正确保存，保持干燥避免变质。2.3 fine aggregates（细集料）fine aggregate or sand shall be washed and dried to remove soluble matter and permit a

25、ccurate control of the water/cement ratio. the particle shape should be round or irregular and should have a smooth surface without honeycombing.细集料或砂应该清洗和干燥，除去可溶物质，以能够准确控制水灰比。颗粒形状应该是圆形的或不规则的，应该有光滑的表面而没有蜂窝。for spray grc, the maximum particle size shall be 1.2 mm; for premix grc, the maximum particle

26、 size shall be 2.4 mm. in both cases the fraction, i.e. sand passing a 150 micron sieve, shall be less than 10% of the total weight of sand.对于喷射grc，最大颗粒尺寸应该是2mm，对于预混grc，最大颗粒尺寸应该是2.4mm。两种情况下，细颗料部份即砂通过150m筛的量应该小于砂子总量的10%。silica sands are widely used and should conform to the specification in table 1.广

27、泛使用硅砂，应该符合表1中的要求。table 1: specification for silica sand.表1：硅砂的要求silica content 96%硅含量moisture content 2%水分含量soluble salts 1%可溶盐loss-on-ignition 0.5%烧失量sulphate ion maximum 4000 ppm硫酸根离子chloride ion maximum 600 ppm氯离子sands with a higher moisture content may be used provided the moisture content is kn

28、own and the mix design is altered accordingly.可以使用具有较高水分含量的砂子，按照已知的水分含量，配合比设计随之改变。sands other than silica sands may be used but the producer should provide evidence of their suitability soft building sands must not be used.也可使用硅砂以外的砂子，但是生产商应该提供适用性的证据，一定不能使用软质建筑砂。2.4 water（水）water shall be clean and

29、free from deleterious matter.水应该清洁，无有害物质。2.5 admixtures（外加剂）admixtures are permitted and their use is encouraged as they can enhance the properties of grc. they should always be used strictly in accordance with the suppliers recommendations and the producer must ensure that their use has no adverse

30、effect on the product.允许和鼓励使用外加剂，因为它们能够提高grc的性能，应该按照供货商的推荐严格使用，生产商必须保证它们的使用不会对产品有负面影响。calcium chloride-based admixtures must not be used if the grc component contains steel reinforcement, fixing sockets or other cast-in devices.如果构件中有钢筋、固定件或者其它装置，一定不要使用氯化钙基的外加剂。2.6 acrylic polymers（丙烯酸聚合物） acrylic t

31、hermoplastic polymer dispersions should be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and should conform to the specification in table 2.丙烯酸热塑性聚合物分散剂应该按照制造商的说明使用，应该符合表2要求。table 2: specification for acrylic polymers.表2：丙烯酸聚合物的要求compound type aqueous thermoplastic polymer dispersion混合物类型 水

32、溶性热塑性聚合物分散剂polymer type acrylic based聚合物类型 丙烯酸基% solids 45-55%固含量 4555%appearance milky white, creamy, free from lumps外观 奶白色、奶油状、无结块minimum film formation temperature 7-12 ec最低成膜温度 712ultraviolet resistance good抗紫外线 良好alkali resistance good抗碱 良好polymers with properties outside the above specificatio

33、n may be used with the agreement of the purchaser.经过购买方的同意，可以使用超出以上性能要求的聚合物。2.7 pigments（颜料）powder pigments or dispersions may be used to produce coloured grc. the pigments should conform to international or national standards. the purchaser should recognize that colour variation may occur and must

34、agree an acceptable range of variation with the producer.可以使用粉状颜料或分散剂生产彩色grc，颜料应该符合国际标准或国家标准。购买方应该认可可能发生的颜色变化，必须与生产商就变化范围达成共识。2.8 other component materials（其它组成材料）other component materials (e.g. microsilica, metakaolin, pulverized fuel ash, reinforcing fillers), may be added to modify the properties

35、 of the mix. they must be used in accordance with the suppliers instruction and the producer must demonstrate that their use will not adversely affect the properties of the grc.可以加入其它组成材料（例如微硅灰、偏高岭土、磨细粉煤灰、增强填充料）以改善混合料的性能。必须按照供货商的说明使用，生产商必须证实它们的使用不会负面影响grc的性能。3 composition of grc in the uncured state

36、（grc在未养护状态下的组成）3.1 mix design（配合比设计）it is the responsibility of the producer to select a suitable mix design for the product. the mix design must be such that the mechanical properties of the grc in section 8 of the specification are achieved and that these requirements are consistent with the engin

37、eering design of the product.为产品选择适当的配合比设计是生产商的责任，配合比设计必须达到本规范第8节中grc的力学性能，而且这些要求要与产品的工程设计相符合。the mix design in table 3 are intended as a guide; design falling outside these guidelines may be acceptable but should be scrutinized before use.表3中的配合比设计是为了提供一种指导；可以接受这些引导之外的设计，但是在使用前应该仔细核查。table 3: guide

38、 mix designs.表3：指导性配合比设计premix grade预混等级grade 1010级grade 10p10p级grade 55级aggregate/cement ratio集料水泥比0.5-1.50.5-1.50.5-1.5water/cement ratio水灰比0.35-0.400.35-0.400.35-0.40glass fibre content(% by total mix weight)玻璃纤维含量（混合料总质量的%）2.0-3.5%2.0-3.5%1.5-2.5%polymer solids content(% by cement weight)聚合物含量（水

39、泥质量的%）nil5-7%nilspray grade喷射等级grade 1818级grade 18p18p级aggregate/cement ratio集料水泥比0.5-1.50.5-1.5water/cement ratio水灰比0.325-0.3750.325-0.37glass fibre content(% by total mix weight)玻璃纤维含量（混合料总质量的%）4.0-5.0%4.0-5.0%polymer solids content(% by cement weight)聚合物含量（水泥质量的%）nil5-7%4 manufacture（制造）grc produ

40、cts manufactured by premix and spray production methods are covered in this specification, but other manufacturing methods may be used providing agreement is reached between the producer and the purchaser regarding their use and control.本规范包括用预混法和喷射法制造的grc产品，也可使用其它制造方法，但是关于这种方法的使用和控制应在生产商和购买方之间达成统一意

41、见。4.1 manufacture by direct spray（用直接喷射制造）4.1.1 weighing/batching（称量/计量）dry ingredients shall be batched by weight using calibrated weighing equipment capable of an accuracy of 2% of the stated batch weight. liquids should be weighed, volume batched or automatically dispensed. the producer must demo

42、nstrate that the method employed will give an accuracy of 2%.干组分应该用校准的精确度为2%的称量设备称量，液体应该称量、体积计量或自动配入，生产商必须证实所用方法的精确度为2%。4.1.2 mixing（搅拌）the cementitious slurry should be mixed in a high shear mixer in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and using the stated mix design. the producer must d

43、emonstrate that this type of mixing system is to be used. the consistency of the mix should be tested by measuring the slump (see appendix a) at the start of each shift and at agreed intervals during each shift.应该按照制造商的说明和确定的配合比设计，用高剪切搅拌机搅拌水泥浆，生产商必须证实使用这种类型的搅拌系统。在每班开始时和每班生产过程中的固定间隔，应该通过测试塌落度（见附录a）检验

44、混合料的稠度。4.1.3 spraying（喷射）spraying should be carried out using specialist equipment that allows the simultaneous deposition of known quantities of cementitious slurry and chopped glass fibre. before starting production, the spray equipment must be calibrated to ensure thar the specified glass fibre p

45、ercentage is achieved. calibration to measure the deposition rates of the glass fibre and cementitious slurry should be carried out using bag and bucket tests in accordance with the methods in appendices b and c.应该用允许同时沉积已知量的水泥浆体和短切纤维的专业设备进行喷射，喷射之前必须校准确设备以保证达到规定的玻璃纤维含量。为测试玻璃纤维和水泥浆体比率的校准程序应该按照附录b和c中袋

46、式试验和桶式试验的方法进行。these tests should be carried out at the beginning of each shift, after any alteration of the equipment controls and after any unsatisfactory wash out test results (section 7.1).这些试验应该在每班开始时、设备控制有任何改变后和洗出试验结果不满意（7.1节）后进行。if the equipment used gives continuous readings of glass and slur

47、ry output these tests need not be carried out.如果所用设备给出连续的纤维和浆体输出量读数，则不需要进行这些试验。a mist coat without fibre may be sprayed; this coat should be as thin as practicable and should be followed immediately by the first grc spray.可以喷射无纤维的薄雾层，这层应该尽可能的薄，随后应该立即喷射第一层grc。when a facing coat is used this may be sp

48、rayed or poured and vibrated. this coat may be allowed to stiffen but the first grc coat must be applied before initial set takes place.使用面层材料时，可以喷射或者浇注和振动。可以允许面层变硬，但是第一层grc必须在初凝之前应该用。the grc materials must be sprayed and built up in thin layers of 3-4 mm until the required thickness is achieved. th

49、e sprayed grc should be compacted by a hand roller before spraying the next layer. after the final layer has been sprayed the thickness of the grc must be checked using a template or depth gauge and compared to the design thickness.喷射grc材料每一薄层34mm，直到达到要求的厚度，应该在喷射下一层之前用手动圆辊密实，最后一层喷射完成后，必须用样板或深度仪检查grc

50、的厚度并与设计厚度对比。unless specifically stated in the agreed product manufacturing specification the design thickness should be considered as a minimum and no part of the component should be below this thickness. over-thickness will be permitted and is to be expected particularly at corners or areas with a

51、deep profile. it will not be permitted if:除非在产品制造要求中有特别规定，设计厚度应该被认为是最小值，构件的任何部分都不应该低于这个厚度，允许超厚，特别希望在拐角处和有深度轮廓的区域超厚，不允许出现下列情况：1. any flat areas exceed the design thickness by 4 mm.任何平坦区域的厚度超出4mm。2. the weight of the component exceeds the maximum design weight as specified by the engineer.构件重量超过工程师规定的

52、最大设计重量。after checking the thickness, any areas of under-thickness should be re-sprayed and areas of over-thickness removed and the material discarded. the specified finish to back of the unit should be applied using a float or roller.检验完厚度之后，厚度不够的区域应该重新喷射，超出厚度的区域要去提并丢充材料。用泡沫或圆辊修饰构件背面。4.2 manufacture

53、 by premix vibration casting（用预混振动浇注制造）4.2.1 weighing/batching（称量/计量）dry ingredients should be batched by weight using calibrated weighing equipment capable of an accuracy of 2% of the stated batch weight. liquids should be weighed, volume batched or automatically dispensed. the grc manufacturer sho

54、uld demonstrate that the method employed will give an accuracy of 2%.干组分应该用校准的精确度为确定计量重量2%的称量设备称量，液体应该称量、体积计量或自动配入，grc制造商应该证实所用方法的精确度为2%。4.2.2 mixing（搅拌）the grc should be mixed in a two-stage premix mixer. the producer must demonstrate that the equipment is suitable ofr manufacturing premix grc. fir

55、st the cementitious slurry should be mixed at high speed in an intensive shear mixer. the slurry is then transferred to a second mixer or the mixing action of the intensive shear mixer adapted so that the glass fibre is blended uniformly into the slurry. the glass fibre may be added manually as chopped fibres or automatically as glass fibre roving using a fibre chopper.应该用两步预混搅拌机搅拌grc，生产商必须证实所用设备适合制造预混grc，首先水泥浆应在剧烈的剪切搅拌机中高速搅拌，然后浆体被转移到第二台搅拌机中或者采用剧烈剪切搅拌机的混合作用，以使得玻璃纤维被均匀混入浆体中，可以手工加入短切的玻璃纤维，或者用