初中中考英语专题总结复习专题十七完形填空第4讲完形填空There’salwayshope.doc

1、初中中考英语专题总结复习专题十七完形填空第4讲完形填空Theresalwayshope中考英语专题复习专题十七完形填空第4讲完形填空Theresalwayshope完形填空完形填空名师点拨语篇精讲能力提升知识篇方法篇障碍阅读语篇练习精讲笔记基础过关完形练习第4讲Theresalwayshope教学目标掌握完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。掌握完形填空的解题技巧并能够指出完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累及完形填空解题技巧的练习灵活应对各种完形填空题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”在英语学习的过程中语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理能够为我们今

2、后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学老师已经为你梳理出了文章中的一些高频词和长难句快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部1/19分小例句提示。并出学生的掌握情况（良差）】性及示例注掌握情况thoughtsn.想法havev.1)有2)使?Ihadmyclasswrite做somethingaboutthemselves.offerv.主提出Heofferedsomen.主提usefuladvice.wonderv.想知道Iwonderwhosheis.n.惊；奇迹TheSevenWondersoftheWorldresp

3、onsibilityn.任Hetookfull相关：responsibilityforresponsiblebehaviorn.行；止hisbehavior.相关：behaveholdv.1)抓住;握住theyholdtheworld2)持住responsibleforthe3)行4)consequence(后果).attendv.1)参加2)上Vincentattended相关：classesandgotattendancestraightAsfortwoyears.acceptv.接受Vincentgotaccepted相关：beintotendifferentacceptedintoun

4、iversities.取landn.地Vincentlandedv.1)着2)成功得到workv.1)工作MyplanworkedandI2)奏效;起作gotthemtoagree.用n.1)工作2)作品disappointedadj.失望的相关:disappointmentfailv.1)失未Heworkedwitha能做到housepainterafter2/192)衰退3)使失failingthroughhigh望school.Hereyesightisfailing.specialadj.特殊的;Theschoolwillonly相关:的allowthisinspecialespeci

5、allyn.特价condition.attractv.吸引Whatfirstattracted相关:metoherwasherattraction;senseofhumor.attractiveencouragev.鼓励Ourteacheroften相关:encouragesustoencouragementspeakmoreEnglish.surprisen.惊；惊喜Whathesaidinclass相关:v.使?惊surprisedmemost.surprised;surprisinginfluencev./n.影响Hiswritingshave相关:influencedthelivesi

6、nfluential;ofmillions.affectsucceedv.1)成功2)接WhosucceededObama相关:success;替asPresident?successfulmessagen.信息；消息；要点powerfuladj.大的；相关：power有影响力的sitaround坐beupto正在干从事Iwonderedwhathe着wasupto.lookup；找Igoogledhimandlookedhimupon.ononesterm按某人自己的hetriedtodothe意思o服某人做某Ididntwanttost

7、h.事moveabroadbutBilltalkedmeintoit.二、句3/19【前学生的句型,以教提的形式行。可以根据提示分析句子构完成句子翻。】1.Iwassittingaroundtheothermorningthinkingaboutsomeofmyformer(以前)students.构分析：_本句含有在分v-ing“thinkingabout”作伴随状的构句子翻：_前几天的早晨我坐着想起了一些我以前的学生。仿句：他正坐在桌子旁。_Heissittingatthedeskreadinganewspaper.2.Forhim,sittingstill,listeningandrea

8、ding,didnt34.构分析：_本句含有并列的在分v-ing“sittingstill,listeningandreading”作主的构。句子翻：_他来坐着不、听、不起任何作用。仿句：散步你的健康有好._Walkingisgoodforyourhealth.Themorehetriedtodothethingsonhisterms,themoreweforcedhimtodothethingsonourtermsandtheangrierhegot.Theangrierhegot,themoretroublehegotinto.构分析：_本句含有“the+比the+比”的构表示“越?,越?

9、”。句子翻：4/19_他越是努力按照他的想法做事我越是迫他按照我的想法做事而他越是生气。他越生气他的麻越多。仿句：你越小心你犯的就越少。你看的越多你懂得就越多。_Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.Themoreyouread,thebetteryouwillunderstand.4.ItwasVincentwhoturnedVincentaround.构分析：_本句含有“itis?that/who?”句构。句子翻：_正是Vincent自己了他自己。仿句：正是Tom明天要行生日聚会。_ItisTomwhowillholdabirth

10、dayparty.5.Icouldntbehappierforhim.构分析：_本句含有“couldnt+比”的构表示“再?不了”表达最高的含。句子翻：_我他感到再高不了。（我他感到非常的高。）仿句：他做得再好不了。我再同意你不了。（我完全同意你的意。）_5/19_Hecouldnthavedonebetter.Icantagreewithyoumore.方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑在有足够语料积累的基础上能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧快来看看

11、你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一通读全文把握脉络跳过空格速读全文把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键步词和句中的连词如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二瞻前顾后上下求索联系上下文运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解步题抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三再读文章核查答案代入答案再读全文反复检查争取做到：步结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect

12、和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系上义词是总称词下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是myfather的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词)等重复出现在语篇中。例题例1：Heisverykindandfriendlytoothers.Becauseofhis_,heisquitepopularwiththepeoplearoundhim.A.abilityB.honestyC.relationshipD.kindness【分析：通过上文“Heisverykindandfri

13、endlytoothers”由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】例2：Theoldmantendstoforgetthingsfromtimetotime.Inotherwords,heismoreandmore_.A.forgetfulB.unforgettableC.easy-goingD.hard-working【分析：通过上文“Theoldmantendstoforgetthingsfromtimetotime”由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”unforgettable“难忘的”。）】6/19方法方法二：上下文推理法

14、解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解进行适当的推理判断因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：Whenwetalked,Idiscovered(发现）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexle,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle_17_thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhavefortyminutesineachclass.17.A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later【分析：通过上文

15、“eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS”和下文“Weusuallyhavefortyminutesineachclass.”可知美国每节课是50分钟每节课是40分钟根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比的长故选B。】方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词(如and表并列but和however表转折so表因果firstofall、then和finally表顺序等）。例题例1：MyyoungestcousinlikesChineseBeij

16、ingOperaverymuch,buthecantsing6.6.A.badlyB.easilyC.wellD.excitedly【分析：通过上文“MyyoungestcousinlikesChineseBeijingOpera”和连词“but”可以推断出前后存在转折关系此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”故选C。】方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的因为虽有背景常识仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化

17、的差异性不能总是用人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。7/19例例：Therearemanykindsofanimalsintheworld.Elephantsarethe1animalsthatliveonland.Onlysomekindsofwhales()arebiggerthanelephants,buttheyliveinthe2.1.A.biggestB.smallestC.smallerD.bigger2.A.riverB.lakeC.seaD.forest【分析：第1众所周知：大象是地上最大的物故A.biggest。第2众所周知：生活在大海里故C.sea。】方法方法五：固

18、定搭配法解完形填空以境考主但也有小部分目考法知、固定搭配和固定句型解程中我需要合所学固定搭配出正确答案。例例1：Whentwopeopleareinaconversation,thespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattention13whatheorsheisspeaking?13.A.forB.ofC.withD.to【分析：考固定短“payattentionto注意”故D。】例2：butwewererelaxedwhenwewerelyingonth

19、ebeach.We10somephotosthere.10.A.gotB.broughtC.boughtD.took【分析：考固定短“takephotos拍照”故D。】语篇精讲障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意后完形”的原指学生在障碍的前提下悟文章的主要意思防止学生理解跑偏】(西城一模）TheresalwayshopeIwassittingaroundtheothermorningthinkingaboutsomeofmyformer(以前的)students.WhenIdothat,mythoughtsalwaysturntoVincent.Eighteenyearsago,onthefirst

20、dayofthirdgrade,whenIhadmyclasswritesomethingaboutthemselves,hejustsatthere.SoItookhimoutsidetoseewhatwaswrong.“Youcan31aboutsomethingelse;anythingyou8/19want,”Ioffered.Heturnedtomeandshouted,“Icantwrite!”andthrewhispencil.Vincentwasdifficultand32.Heactedout.Hethrewthings.Herefusedtowork,tobequiet,t

21、ositdown.Sothesemanyyearslater,Iwonderedwhathewasupto.Withtimeonmyhands,IgoogledhimandlookedhimuponandbeforelongIfoundhim.Andafterafewtextsweagreedtomeet.Andhetoldmehis33.Vincentknewhewassmart,buthealsoknewhecouldntdowhatotherkidsdid.Hehadtomovearoundandtalk.Forhim,sittingstill,listeningandreading,d

22、idnt34.Themorehetriedtodothethingsonhisterms,themoreweforcedhimtodothethingsonourtermsandtheangrierhegot.Theangrierhegot,themoretroublehegotinto.Inotherwords,we35him.Buthewouldntletmetellhimthat.Hetookfullresponsibilityforhisbehavior.Herememberedfeeling36foractingout.That37me.KidslikeVincentarealway

23、sangryaboutsomething;theyholdtheworldresponsiblefortheconsequence(后果).ThisstoryalsohadoneofusturningVincentaround.Butnoneofusdidthatforhim.TherewerenoexcellentteacherslikeAnnieSullivanorJaimeEscalante.Thatdidntmeanwedidnt38.Iremembercountlessconversations,tryingtounderstandhim,goingtohisLittleLeague

24、games.ItwasVincentwhoturnedVincentaround,alongwithajunkie(吸毒者)housepainterheworkedwithafterfailingthroughhighschool.Thisguyclearlyscared(惊吓)himstraight;talkedhimintogoingto39.VinceAndforme,the40issimplebutpowerfultheresalwayshope.文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Vincent;refuse;responsible;fail;try;agreatjob参考答

25、案：本文作者回忆起自己的一名上学时拒绝教师管理的学生。多年后他们取得了联系作者得知这个学生在经历了一些挫折后努力学习成功被很多名牌大学录取并拥有了很棒的工作。作者通过叙述故事提倡要尝试去教育总是有希望的。【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】9/19语篇练习话题体裁词数建议用时实际用时正确率难度人物故事记叙文44012-15分_/10类钟TheresalwayshopeIwassittingaroundtheothermorningthinkingaboutsomeofmyformer(以前的)students.WhenIdothat,mythoughtsalwaysturntoVin

26、cent.Eighteenyearsago,onthefirstdayofthirdgrade,whenIhadmyclasswritesomethingaboutthemselves,hejustsatthere.SoItookhimoutsidetoseewhatwaswrong.“Youcan31aboutsomethingelse;anythingyouwant,”Ioffered.Heturnedtomeandshouted,“Icantwrite!”andthrewhispencil.Vincentwasdifficultand32.Heactedout.Hethrewthings

27、.Herefusedtowork,tobequiet,tositdown.Sothesemanyyearslater,Iwonderedwhathewasupto.Withtimeonmyhands,IgoogledhimandlookedhimuponandbeforelongIfoundhim.Andafterafewtextsweagreedtomeet.Andhetoldmehis33.Vincentknewhewassmart,buthealsoknewhecouldntdowhatotherkidsdid.Hehadtomovearoundandtalk.Forhim,sittin

28、gstill,listeningandreading,didnt34.Themorehetriedtodothethingsonhisterms,themoreweforcedhimtodothethingsonourtermsandtheangrierhegot.Theangrierhegot,themoretroublehegotinto.Inotherwords,we35him.Buthewouldntletmetellhimthat.Hetookfullresponsibilityforhisbehavior.Herememberedfeeling36foractingout.That

29、37me.KidslikeVincentarealwaysangryaboutsomething;theyholdtheworldresponsiblefortheconsequence(后果).ThisstoryalsohadoneofusturningVincentaround.Butnoneofusdidthatforhim.TherewerenoexcellentteacherslikeAnnieSullivanorJaimeEscalante.Thatdidntmeanwedidnt38.Iremembercountlessconversations,tryingtoundersta

30、ndhim,goingtohisLittleLeaguegames.ItwasVincentwhoturnedVincentaround,alongwithajunkie(吸毒者)housepainterheworkedwithafterfailingthroughhighschool.Thisguyclearlyscared(惊吓)himstraight;talkedhimintogoingto39.10/19Andforme,the40issimplebutpowerfultheresalwayshope.31.A.talkB.readC.writeD.hear32.A.angryB.la

31、zyC.carelessD.disappointed33.A.jobB.storyC.schoolD.family34.A.arriveB.changeC.workD.end35.A.forgotB.helpedC.freedD.failed36.A.proudB.specialC.naturalD.terrible37.A.attractedB.encouragedC.surprisedD.influenced38.A.tryB.waitC.learnD.succeed39.A.moviesB.businessC.collegeD.sports40.A.ruleB.memoryC.answe

32、rD.message篇精：参考答案：3135CABCD3640DCACD文章大意：本文作者回起自己的一名上学拒教管理的学生。多年后他取得了系作者得知个学生在了一些挫折后努力学成功被很多名牌大学取并有了很棒的工作。作者通叙述故事提倡要去教育是有希望的。答案解析：31.通上文“whenIhadmyclasswritesomethingaboutthemselves”可知里作者在建“你可以写点的西”故C。32.通下文“Hethrewthings.Herefusedtowork,tobequiet,tositdown.”可知“他扔西拒学拒安静拒坐下”再合生活常可以推断出：在生气的情况下会有些故A。33

33、.合后文“ThisstoryalsohadoneofusturningVincentaround.”和整个境可以得知他在述自己的故事故B。11/1934.通上文“?healsoknewhecouldntdowhatotherkidsdid.Hehadtomovearoundandtalk.”可以得知他是个好的学生因此可以推断出：他来安静地坐着听和根本就不起作用故C。35.通上文“Themorehetriedtodothethingsonhisterms,?themoretroublehegotinto.”和渡“Inotherwords”可知后文是前文的因此可以推断出：句是我他失了故D。36.通

34、上文“Hetookfullresponsibilityforhisbehavior.”可知他自己的行全部任可以推断出他得他自己的行表感到糟糕故D。37.通下文“KidslikeVincentarealwaysangryaboutsomething;theyholdtheworldresponsiblefortheconsequence(后果)”可知像Vincent的孩子是一些事情怒他世界他造成的后果可以推断出作者的点感到吃惊故C。38.通下文“Iremembercountlessconversations,tryingtounderstandhim,goingtohisLittleLeague

35、games.”可知作者做了很多努力去理解他在合上文的折“but”可以推断出句的意思是“那并不意味着我没行、努力”故A。39.通下文“itwasVincentwhoattendedclasses?acceptedintotendifferentuniversities?”可知Vincent后来又去上学并被很多大学取可以推断出那个和他一起工作的人服他去上学故C。40.通下文“theresalwayshope.”可知是作者在Vincent的故事的一些感受和得到的信息故D。精讲笔记【学生在教的指下回本中累的完形填空的知和方法】篇中累的【至少掌握10个】性及的运用（鼓励学生用所学造句）realize篇中

36、的学到的方法【根据具体教学情况】【至少掌握2个】12/19方法一：复法如：文章中的31.(write)?方法二：上下文推理法方法三：推理法方法四：文化背景常法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基础过关一、/短翻性、示例1_n.想法翻：Ihadmyclasswritesomethingv.1)有2)aboutthemselves.2have_v.主提出3_n.主提v._4wondern.惊；奇迹5_n.任6_n.行；止v.1)抓住2)持住7hold3)行4)_8_v.1)参加2)上v.接受9_n.地v.1)_10land2)_v.1)工作11work2)翻：Iwonderedwhathewasupto.

37、_翻：theyholdtheworldresponsiblefortheconsequence(后)._翻：Vincentgotacceptedintotendifferentuniversities._翻：_翻：Forhim,sittingstill,listeningandreading,didntwork.13/19_n.1)工作2)作品12_adj.失望的v.1)失未能做到13_2)衰退3)使失望adj.特殊的;14_的n.特价翻：最吸引我的是她的幽默感。15_v.吸引_16_v.鼓励n.惊；惊喜v.翻：他在上的令我很吃惊。17_使?惊_18_v./n.影响翻：Whosucceeded

38、Obamaasv.1)成功2)President?19succeed_n.信息；消息；要20_点21_adj.生气的22_adj.粗心大意的23sitaround_24lookup_onones25term_翻：Totocollege.26sth._27_adj.大的二、句子翻前几天的早晨我坐着想起了一些我以前的学生。_他来坐着不、听、不起任何作用。_14/19_他越是努力按照他的想法做事我们越是强迫他按照我们的想法做事而他越是生气。他越生气他的麻烦越多。_他为他的行为负全责。_我为他感到再高兴不过了。（我为他感到非常的高兴。

39、）_完形练习ThehugThephonerang.ItwasLisa,my86-year-oldfriend,calling.LisawaswonderingifIcouldtakehertoFlinttoseethe_31_.IpromisedherIcould,soonthedateoftheappointment(预约)Idroveovertoherhometopickherup.Lisaseyesightwas_32_,soshewasntabletodrivehercaranymore.However,shestillkeptheroldwhiteCadillacandinsiste

40、dthatIdriveitwheneverwewentanywhere.Lisasappointmentwent_33_andshewasreallysatisfiedwithherdoctor.Then,wewereonourwaytogetabitetoeat.Itwasacloudydaywithoutanyrainorsnow,buttheroadwasstillbusy.The_34_wasstopandgoaswewereinanareabythemarket.Wewereata_35_stopwhensomeonehitusfrombehind.Lisawasveryangry,andsheevenstartedtosaysomedirtywordsinalowvoice.Icould_36_thissituationcouldgetverybad.Therereallywasntanyreasonwhy