初一英语语法知识点总结复习(超详细版)

1、初一英语语法知识点总结复习课时一教学任务一、重点语法1 .动词 be ( am,is,are )的用法：be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。第一人称单数配合am来用。句型解析析：Iam+.例句：I am Snoopy.I am ten years old.I am a student.I am a boy.第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+.例句:You are my good friend.You are a good teacher.You are beautiful第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(

2、He, It) is +例句:She is a good girl.She is so tall.She is short.人称复数(we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口诀：我用am,你(you)用are , is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is ,复数名词全用areo变否 定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。

3、 对应练习：-用括号中适当的词填空。1.1 (am, are. is) from Australia.2. She(am. are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents(am, is, are) very busy every day.5. (Are, Is, Do. Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6. (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?7. There(be) s

4、ome glasses on it.8. If he(be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.一、用be动词的适当形式填空,1.1 a boy.you a boy? No, I not.2. The girlJacks sister.3. The dogtall and fat.4. The man with big eyes a teacher.5. your brother in the classroom?6. Where your mother? She at home.7. How your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao a

5、t school.9. Whose dress this?10. Whose socks they?11. That my red skirt.12. Who I?13. The jeans on the desk.14. Here a scarf for you.15. Here some sweaters for you.16. The black gloves for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18. The two cups of milk for me.19. Some tea in the glass.20. Gao

6、 shans shirt over there.第二课时(1)英语人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词表示哦、“你”、“他、，姬、“它、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。人称代词有人 称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称ImeweUS第二人称youyouyouyou第二人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。

7、Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词、表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物 主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。数 人称 类别单数复数第一 人称第二 人称人称第一 人称第二人称MH 人称形容词性物主 代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/oui7their)+名词而名词性物主代词则相当

8、于形容词性物主代词+名词.故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book?No, , it isnt f its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代词练习(一)一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1. This is ( my / I ) mother. 2. Nice to meet ( your / you ).3. (He / His ) name is Mark. 4. Whats ( she / her ) name?5. Excuse ( me / my / I ) .6. Are ( your / you ) Miss Li?7. (

9、 1/ My ) am Ben. 8. ( She / Her ) is my sister.9. Fine , thank ( your / you ) . 10. How old is ( he / his )二.用所给代词的正确形式填空。1. These are 2. That is3. Lily is4. Tom, this is5. Now6. Those7. Do you know8. Mike and Tom9. Thanks for helping ( he ) brothers.(she) sister.(Lucy) sister.一(me ) cousin, Mary.(h

10、er parent) are in America.(child ) are(I) fathers students. 一(it) name?10.(Ann 安)mother is(be ) friends._(I).(we) teacher.三.单项选择。()1. My family a big family. My familyA. is, is B. are, are ()2. This isA. a picture of familyC. a familys picture()3. LefsA. beC. is, areall here.D. are, isB. a picture o

11、f my familyD. a family of my picturegood friends.B. areC. isD. am()4. Is she your aunt? Yes,A. shes()5. Are Yes, theyA. they()6. Is thatA. heB. her is coats yours?C. she isD. he isB. theseuncle? No, it isntB. she C. herC. thisD. hersD. there()7. Mrs. Green isA. Jim and KateC. Jims and Kates ()8. Do

12、you know theA. in()9.A. thank forC. Thank forgrandmother.B. Jim and KatesD. Jim and Kates name Mr. Greens son?B. ofC. onthe great photo of your family.B. Thanks forD. thanks for()10. Are those your friends?A. Yes, theyreC. Yes, they areB. No, they areD. Yes, those are代词练习(二)D. or一,用适当的代词填空1 . We lik

13、e(he, his , him) very much.2 . Is this guitar(you, your, yours)?3 .(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.4 . Father bought a desk for(I, my, me, mine).5 .(It, Its Jts) is very cold today.6 . Is this your book, Mike?Yes ,(we, you, they )are.7 . Are you and Tom classmates?Yes,(we, you .they )are.8 . Each of

14、the students( have, has) a pen pal.9 . He has a dog. I want to have(it, one )Joo.10 . Her parents are(both, all .either )teachers.1 . The text is easy for you .There are( few, a few Jittle, a little) new words in it 12 . I w ant( some, any) bananas. Give me these big(one, ones).二、选择正确的答案1 . Is this

15、book?A . youB . I C . sheD . your2 . It*s a is Polly.A . ItsB Its C . HisD . It3 . What*s that ?a jeep.A - it*sB . Its C . ItsD . its4 . What*s that in English?.A - It*s eggB . Thats egg C . Its a egg D . Itfs an egg5 . Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white?A - cat*s B , one C . o

16、nesD . cats6 . Please give the book to.A . IB . me C . myD . mine7 .skirt is yours?A - Whose B . Where C . HowD . Which8 .is this pen ? Its Wang Fangs.A - Whos B . Whose C . Where D . Which9 . Kate and Mike do homework in the evening.A .ones B . his C . herD . their10 . There isnt water in the bottl

17、e.A . anyB . some C . noD . a课时二（2 ）简单句一陈述句1、概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。2、分类：陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种；而从语气的角 度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句（1 ） “主语+谓语”结构肯定陈述句Hike that book.我喜欢那本书。（陈述一个事实）I really agree.我确实同意。（陈述一个观点）否定陈述句I did not buy the TV我没有买那个电视。（陈述一个事实）（2 ）主语+连系动词+表语结构肯定陈述名The film is bori

18、ng .这部电影没意思。（陈述观点）否定陈述句Smoking is not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。（陈述一个事实）3、陈述句的否定结构：陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：（1 ）句子的谓语动词为be . have或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词+ not +其他成分I am not a teacher.我不是老师。We have not (haveif t) any books on animals.我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。The children are not (arenxt) playin

19、g in the playground.孩子们没在操场上玩。He will not (woift) come.他不会来。We must not (mustnxt) forget the past.我们不能忘记过去。It could not (couldnxt) be lost.它不可能丢的。(2 )当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词),而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+d。 (does.did) + not +动词原形+其他成分You do not (doift) come here every day ,你没有每天都来这里。He does not (doesift) teac

20、h this class .他不教这个班。They did not(didnxt) watch TV last night.昨晚他们没看电视。注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong ?你真的想去香港吗？这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的二疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？常考的疑问句有四类,即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第一节一般疑问句一般疑问句通常需要用yes或no来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句)在读这种句子时要

21、用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型：1、“be +主语+表语”结构Are you sleepy ?你困了吗？Yes, I am .是的,我困了。3、“情态动词+主语言+行为动词(或be ) ”结构May/Can I use the telephone?我能用这部电话吗？Yes. you can.是的,可以。5、“助动词(do. does, did ) +主语+行为动词”结构Do you like swimming in sununcr?你喜欢夏天游泳吗?一No, I dont.不，我不喜欢。难点提示回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No后面用否定结构，表示否定。注

22、意 在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待 就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。Is he not your elder brother?他不是你的哥哥吗？Yes, he is .不，他是(我的哥哥)。No. he is not.是的，他不是(我的哥哥)。Isnt she very clever?她难道不是很聪明吗?Yes. she is.不，她很聪明。一No, she is not.是，她不聪明。第二节特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像 一般疑问句一样简单地用Ye

23、s或No来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。二、特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业?What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？三、注意：对人提问时Who“谁”对所属（谁的）提问用Whose谁的”对哪一个提问用which“哪一个对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what tim

24、e“几点”对物体提问用what什么对地点提问用where“哪里对原因提问用why“为什么”对方式提问用how“怎么样”对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或how much“多少”（用于不可数名词）四、难点提示1、以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why dont you have a try?你为什么不试试 呢？2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。I dont want to go there. How about you?我不想去那儿，你呢？But what else?可是还有什么呢？把下列句子变成否定句：1.1 am

25、 listening to music.2. Mike is a student.3Sarah can clean the classroom.4. They are in the zoo.5. There are some flowers in the vase.6. This is my sister.7. We are sweeping the floor.8. We need some masks.9. They like making the puppet.10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.11. 1 put a book on m

26、y head.12. They sing “In the classroom together.13. We play basketball on Sundays.14. Toin likes listening to music肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句 的方法三步法1 .有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，（some改成any , my改成your）句末用问 号。2 .无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did ,其余照抄f （some改成any f my改成your）句末用问号。3 .加Do

27、es、did的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。例如：陈述句：They are in the park. He can play the guitar.一般疑问句：Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar?陈述句：I like the ducks. He likes the dogs.一般 疑问句：Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs?把下列句子变成一般疑问句1.1 am listening to music.2. Mike is a student.3. Sarah can clean the c

28、lassroom.4. They are in the zoo.5. There are some flowers in the vase.6. This is my sister.7. We are sweeping the floor.8. We need some masks.9. They like making the puppet.10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.1.1 1 put a book on my head.12. They sing “In the classroom together.13. We play bas

29、ketball on Sundays.14. Tom likes listening to music关于特殊疑问词问人（谁）who地点（何地）where时间（何时）when、what time东西/职业/事物（什么）what方式方法程 序身体（怎样）how年龄how old.怎么样（提建议）How about多少钱How much谁的whose book问星期 what day向日期what date问数量多少（可数名词）How many people 问数量（不可数名词）How much water 颜色 what color 班级 what class 年级 what grade 时间

30、what time 哪一个 which which class1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词.后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。2、how many后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。1、A:is the boy in blue? B:Hc s Mike.2、A:pen is it? Bits mine.3、A:is the diary? B:Its under the chair.4、A:is the Chirstmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December.5、A:are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan.6、A:is

31、 the cup? B:Vs blue.7、 A:is it today? B:Its Sunday.8、A:was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.9、A:this red one? B:It s beautiful.12. A:is your cousin? B: He s 15 years old.13、A:do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock综合练习1. The children have a good time in the park.否定句：一般疑问句：2. There is only one

32、problem.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：3. She has some bread for lunch today.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：.句型转换题1. The girl is singing in the classroom.（改为否定句）改为一般疑问句1.1 can speak English,（改为一般疑问句）6.1 am writing now.（同上）7.1 have a desk and a chair,（用 He 做主语改写句子）8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.(改为否定句)10. Docs

33、she like growing flowers?(给予否定回答)课时三have作实义动词1.表示Look,I有 havewings.的 just意 like思 you.He had fair hair and blue eyes.注 1：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国立看常用助动词 do 0注2 ):在英国口语中常用 have got代替 have.Look,cantyouseervegotteeth,too.Ihaventgotanyjewelry.2.have和 _些宜他 名词 连用，表示：(1)种活动OWehavenoclassesonSunday.(上课）theyre going to

34、 have a volleyball match.(举行比塞)Arcwe goingtohave ameetingthisweek? (开会）Wearegoing tohavea talkthisafternoon.( 听报告 ）I I(3)(2)发have have生患got a的情病a bad况0 headache, cold.0Ivehadso many falls that Im black andblueallover.（跌跤）Thequeenant may(4) havetens of生 thousandsof育 babies inone0 summer.3,和一与动词同形的名词连

35、用，表示一个动作（have十a十由动词转化和名词） Areyougoingtohaveaswim.Ihavealongtalkwiththeteacher.4.have on sth.或have sth. on ,表示“穿着“、“戴着 ”（=t。be wearing)Inoticedhehadonbedroomslippers.AttheballMotilehadadiamondnecklaceon.5.表示“吃 “ 、喝”Iwantedtohaveacupofteaandsomeeggs.Doesshehavelunchathome?6,组成复合结构即“have +宾语十宾语补足语 “(1)

36、不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.注：否定结构表示“不能让”或“从未有人 二 We wont have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. 现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。.the two men had their lights burning all

37、 night long.(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：使(让，请)别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.遭遇到某 ,事。Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.课

38、时三英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-S。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读回，结尾是浊辅音或元音读口。例：friend一friends; caLcats; stylestyles: sport一sports; piece一pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍心构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：bus*buses; quiz-quizzes; fox-foxes; match-matches; flashflashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i,再加-cs。读音变化：加读国。例：candy一candi

39、es; daisy-daisies; fairy一fairies; lady*ladies; story*stories四、以-。结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写，就加ks ,否则加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读国。例：tomatotomatoes; potato-potatoes; torpedo-40rpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silo一silos; piano一pianos （外来词）;photo*photos; macromacros （缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音由改读vz。例：knife*kniv

40、es; lifelives; leafleaves; staff一staves; scarf*scarves反例：roof-proofs六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词）,通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化：尾音Es改读,其中kEs要改读为sai , gEs要改读为dVai。例：fungus*fungi; abacus一abaci; focus-foci; cactus一cacti: cestus*cesti七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化：尾音is改读例：axis-axes: basis-bases; narisnares; hypothesis-hypot

41、heses; restis一restes八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices ,但有例外。读音变化：尾音iks改读isi:z.例：matrix-matrices: directrixdirectrices; calix-calices; appendixappendices 反例：affix一affixes 九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。例：forum*fora; stadiumstadia; aquarium*aquaria; datumdata; vacuum, vacua十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍读音变化：尾音E改读i:。

42、例：larvalarvae; formulaformulae; ala*alae; media-mediae; hydra*hydrae十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。彳列：fish一fish; sheepsheep; cattle*cattle; deer-deer; salmon*salmon十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：man*men; woman-women; child一children: person-people： ox-oxen十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：例：ox-oxen; child*children: br

43、otherbrethren十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番.才能变成复数词彳列：analysis一analyses 分析:basis*bases 基石出:datum-dataformulafornnilae/formulas 公式:goose*geese; louseTice 虱子;maiLmenmouse-mice; mediummedia/mediums 媒介:memorandummenioranda/memoranduins 备忘录: parenthesisparentheses 圆括号:phenomenonphenomena 现象:radius一radii 半径 tooth-teeth;

44、 woman*women十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的彳列：deer; fish; cannon; sheep: salmon 群髭;trout 鳍鱼十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture 家具：machinery 机械：news; scenery 风景;sugar;traffic 交通十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows 风箱：clothes; police: shorts 短裤：scissors 剪刀：spectacles 目艮镜；shears 大剪刀trouser

45、s 长裤：wages 工资十八、compound nouns ,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇：father-in-lawfathers-in-law 岳父man-of-warmen-of-war 兵舰:maid-servanLmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons B房子：son-in-lawsons-in-law十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair（对,双）；suit（套）;a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers二十、另外还有一些名词，具复数形式

46、有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物,waters水域，fishes （各种）鱼二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以o结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes.potatoes,tomatoes,echoes.tomadoes4orpcdoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroesjnangoes,buffaIoes,volca noes但下面几类词只加s ： 1.以元音+。或00结尾的词Jn：videos,radios,s

47、tudios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos2 .一些夕卜来词,特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos3 .一些缩写词和专词,如：kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos有个别词加两种词尾都可以 There are so many(wolf)in the forest. 2There are three(chair) in the classroom. 3These(tomato) are red.

48、4(hero) are great.5My brother looks after two(baby) 6There are some(deer) eating the grass.7My father likes to eat(potato). 8Chinese(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of(toy) in my bedroom.10I help my mother wash(dish) in the kitchen.11I have two(pencil-box).12There are some(bus)in the street

49、.13Peter has eight(foot).14Linda has three(tooth).15There are some(child) in the garden.16Michael likes the(mouse).17There are some(goose)in the river.18My uncle and father are(man).19Tom and King are(boy).20Linda has three(tooth).选出正确形式1 . I can see three in the zoo.A monkeys B monkeys C monkey2 .T

50、he pig has four. A. foot B. feet C. foots3 .My two brothers are both.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4 .There are four in the class.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C.Japan1.1 can see ten in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig6 .The has three.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches7 .C an you

51、see on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades8 .The girl often blushes her before she goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth9 .Mr Black often drink some.A. milk B. milks C.milkes lO.There are some on the floor. A. child B. water C. books11 .will learn English. A. Woman B. Women C. Man12 .Lucy wil

52、l show us some new of hers.A. photo B. photos C. photoes13.1 drank two.A. bottles of orange B. bottle of orange C. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse15.1 need a pen and some. A. books B. desk C. chair16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the A. rooms number B. Room number C. Rooms number D. Room numbers 17. The newly-built library is a buil