3年高考2年模拟】2017高考英语一轮复习 语法专练二 非谓语动词课件 牛津译林版

1、高频考点一非谓语动词作状语高频考点一非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语(1)目的状语:to do位于句首相当于in order to do。(2)结果状语:only/just to do置于句子之后,通常表示意外或事与愿违的结果。典例典例1 (2015北京,21) (catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.答案To catch考点清单考点清单解析句意:为了赶上早班航班,我们提前预订了出租车,并且起得很早。根据句意可知设空处为目的状语,故用不定式形式。2.分词作状语类别结构含义现在分词doi

2、ng主动,进行being done被动,进行(正在被做)having done主动,先于谓语动作发生having been done被动,先于谓语动作发生过去分词done(1)被动,完成(2)所处的状态或特征典例典例2 (2015重庆,6) (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.答案Raised解析句意:他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区长大的,经过一条漫长而艰难的道路才成了一名足球明星。raise与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,且动作已经完成,故用过去分词形式。

3、高频考点二非谓语动词作定语高频考点二非谓语动词作定语 1.不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语时,被修饰的词多为它的逻辑宾语;如果动词不定式是不及物动词时,要带有必要的介词,构成及物动词短语。(2)动词不定式的被动形式(to be done)作定语,与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系,且该被动动作尚未发生。(3)有些动词不定式只起单纯的修饰作用,这些被修饰的名词有:被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的词;其他名词,如:wish,chance,plan,aim等。典例3 (2014北京,28)There are still many problems (solve)before we are

4、ready for a long stay on the Moon.答案to be solved解析句意:在我们准备好在月球上长久停留之前,仍然还有许多问题有待解决。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。根据句意可知“这些问题还未解决”,to be solved既表被动又表示将来,故答案为to be solved。2.分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词分词形式为:v.-ing,being+过去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与动词为主动关系时,用v.-ing;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。 (2)作定语的不及物动词分

5、词形式为:v.-ing和过去分词。v.-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。 典例典例4 (2014北京,25)Last night,there were millions of people (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.答案watching解析句意:昨天夜里有数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的现场直播。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词people与watch之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故答案为watching。高频考点三非谓语动词作宾补高频考点三非谓语动词作宾补 非谓语动词作宾补分为两种情况:宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系、宾语与宾补之间

6、是逻辑上的被动关系。主动关系时应该用:doing和(to)do。do-ing表示动作正在进行,do(省略to的不定式)表示动作已经完成,to do表示动作将要发生。被动关系应该用done(一般式)和to be done。done表示已经完成的被动动作,to be done表示将来的被动动作。做题时分析结构,找出宾语和宾补,然后分析主动和被动关系,再对动作发生的时间做出判断。典例5 (2014四川,5)The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop)after great effort.答案developed解析句意:经理看

7、到经过巨大努力许多新产品被研发出来非常满意。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。many new products与develop之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词。高频考点四独立主格结构高频考点四独立主格结构非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构,其形式为:典例典例6 (2015江苏,24)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.答案spent/with / without/名词 代词现在分词 过去分词名词 代词形容词名词 代词副词

8、名词 代词不定式名词 代词介词短语名词 代词 宾语补足语解析句意:因为在桌前久坐,办公室工作人员一般都被健康问题所困扰。考查独立主格结构作状语。该结构中的逻辑主语much time 与spend之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成,故用过去分词形式。知识清单一非谓语动词的句法功能知识清单一非谓语动词的句法功能成分形式主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式动名词 分词 知识清单知识清单知识清单二分词、不定式作补语的用法要点知识清单二分词、不定式作补语的用法要点一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,hear,

9、listen to,notice的宾补有两种情况:当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,需用动词原形(即不带to 的不定式)及doing(现在分词一般主动式)。不带to 的不定式表完成,doing形式表正在进行;当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需用过去分词及being done(现在分词一般被动式),过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性,being done表正在进行。如:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动,完成)I heard her singing an English song when

10、 I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yes-terday.昨天经过一个小女孩的房间时,我听见她正在唱英文歌。(被动,正在进行)Id like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行。(被动,没有一定的时间性)注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。如:I looked down at my neck and fo

11、und my necklace gone.我低头看了一眼我的脖子,发现我的项链不见了。(不及物动词,表状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(不及物动词,表完成)2.使役动词let后接复合宾语时,有两种情况:(1)let+宾语+do让做(2)let+宾语+be done让被做Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。My fathers just had his operation and the doctor wont let m

12、e see him yet.我父亲刚动过手术,医生还不允许我去看他。Let the work be done immediately.工作要马上去做。leave如:Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直运转着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动,因为它们不可口。(被动,完成)sb.doing sth.(,)sth.undone(,undone,unfini

13、shed,unsettled,untouched)sb.to do sth.(sth.to be done)让某人一直做某事 宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系 表示动作正在进行留下某事未做 宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系 表示被动和完成 一般以为多留下某人做某事不定式表示将来留下某事要做的动作3.leave 后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,意为“使处于某种状态”。He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving ma

14、ny problems to be settled.我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)4.have,get后可以接动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词三种形式作宾语补足语,have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。(1)have sth.done=get sth.done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)。如:Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。此外,have sth.done还表示“使遭受”之意。如:Tom had his leg broken while playing footbal

15、l.汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.史密斯先生在度假期间,家被盗了。(2)如:The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。注意:have sb.doing常用于否定句中,其中have有“容忍”之意。如:I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.have sb./sth.doing/(,)

16、get sb./sth.doing/使 让某人 物持续地做现在分词表主动 正在进行使某人 物开始做我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。(3)使/让/叫某人去做某事如:Mother had me go/got me to go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。二、某些动词及动词词组后接不定式作补足语二、某些动词及动词词组后接不定式作补足语,即即“动词动词/动词词组动词词组+sb.+to do”常见的有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,in-vite,o

17、rder,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,wait for,call on,depend on等。如:You are not allowed to smoke here.have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.此处不允许吸烟。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。三、注意下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语,它们是:sb./sth.be said/believed/known/reported/considered

18、/found/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done。如:He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)据说,他出国了。Heat is considered to be a form of energy.热能被看做是一种能量。四、不定式、现在分词作补语小窍门下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3

19、使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。以上动词除let,make外还可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语,此外find,catch,keep,leave也可以用现在分词作宾语(主语)补足语。如:I hate to see you leave so soon.我不愿意看到你这么早就离开。Someone was heard to come up the stairs.听见有人上楼了。At that time,I found him crying in the street.在那时,我发现他在街上大哭。Im sorry to have kept y

20、ou waiting for such a long time.对不起让你等这么长时间。He was caught stealing.他正在偷东西时被抓住了。知识清单三不定式、分词作定语的用法要点知识清单三不定式、分词作定语的用法要点一、不定式作定语1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:He

21、 had no money and no place to live(in).他没钱,也没有安居之所。2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”)Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)3.用不定式作定语的几种情况:(1)不定式表将来。如:The car to be

22、bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如:He was the best man to do the job.他是做这个工作最好的人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在这届奥运会上获得金牌的女性。(3)被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式,常见的有:ability,chance,idea,fact,ex-cuse,promise,answer,reply

23、,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如:Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备用英语读写的能力吗?I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。二、分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v.-ing、being+过去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与动词为主动关系时,用v.-ing;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。如:The houses

24、being built are for the teachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。(被动,正在进行)“Things lost never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.我不禁自言自语道:“覆水难收啊!”(被动,完成)2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为:v.-ing 和过去分词。v.-ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:三、不定式to be done形式、过去分词和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别不定式to be done形式表被动、将来;过去分词表被动、完成;现在分词being done形式表被动

25、、正在进行。如:boiling waterboiled water()沸腾的水烧开过的水 白开水falling leavesfallen leaves正在下落的叶子已经落下的叶子Have you read the novel written by Dickens?你读过狄更斯的小说吗?(表被动、完成)Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.听!现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。(表被动、正在进行)The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a ver

26、y important one.明天将要在会上讨论的问题非常重要。(表被动、将来)知识清单四不定式、动名词作宾语的用法要点知识清单四不定式、动名词作宾语的用法要点一、下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾

27、语。如:She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。二、下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象

28、,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape。此外,be used to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay at-tention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy(in),have diffi-culty/trouble(in),

29、have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。如:He got well prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意四、在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾

30、语补足语。如下所示:allow/permit/forbid/advise如:Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.这里禁止吸烟,但你可以吸。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。sb.to do sth.doing sth.五、动词need,require,want 作“需要”讲时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要被做。这时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外,need,require,w

31、ant后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语,表示“需要/想要/要求某人做某事”。如下所示:need/require/want(需要)be worthbe worthyto be donedoingsb.to do sth.doing名词to be done()ofbeing done名词 表钱数或表价格的名词除外如:The window needs/requires/wants 窗户需要擦一下。This place is 这个地方值得参观。六、动词不定式在but,other than后面时,如果but,other than之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么不定式不带to,否则就要

32、带to。如:We could do nothing but/other than wait.to be cleaned.cleaning.worthvisiting.to be visited.worthya visit.ofbeing visited.我们没有办法,只得等待。(wait前省去不定式符号to)He had no choice but to wait.他别无选择,只能等待。(wait前的不定式符号to不能省略)另外,在cannot choose but,cannot help but(只好),cannot but(只好),had better,would rather后面的不定式

33、也要省略to。如:I cannot but agree to his terms.我只得同意他的条件。You had better come here on time.你最好准时到这儿。I would rather stay than do anything else.我宁愿留下来也不愿做别的。七、不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等,但why后加不带to的不

34、定式。注意:此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句。如:He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work.)他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。I dont know what to do.(=I dont know what I should do.)我不知道做些什么。We must decide whether to stay or not.(=We must decide whether well stay or go.)我们必须决定是否留下。Can you tell

35、me why do it?你能告诉我为什么做此事吗?知识清单五不定式、分词作状语的用法要点知识清单五不定式、分词作状语的用法要点一、不定式作状语动词不定式作状语,可以表示目的、结果或原因。Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.海伦不得不大声讲话,以便能在如此大声的音乐下被别人听见。(表目的)He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表示“意外或事与愿违”的结果)My g

36、randmother lived to see the liberation of China.我的祖母看到了中国的解放。(表示结果)某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、哀、乐,后跟不定式表示原因。如:I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business.听说你事业失败我很遗憾。在带有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。如:The room is too small to hold so many people.房间太小,容不下这么多人。He is old e

37、nough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。She is too tired to do the job.她太累了,做不了这项工作了。注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可换成in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)+动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。如:He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一班车。The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下以便接载乘客。形式意义v.-ing(doing)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动

38、关系,与句中谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生having+v.-ed(having done)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生v.-ed(done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系being+v.-ed(being done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生,一般作原因状语置于句首having been+v.-ed(having been done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生二、分词作状语1.分词作状语时其形式的选择2.分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑

39、上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用分词作状语。3.分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可与连词while或when连用。如:When offered help,one often says“Thank you.”or “Its kind of you.”(时间)当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“谢谢”或“你真好”。Be careful while/when crossing the street.(时间)过马路的时候小心点。Separated from other continents for milli

40、ons of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(原因)和其他大洲分离了数百万年,澳大利亚有许多在世界上任何别的国家找不到的动植物。He glanced at her,noting that though she was tiny,she seemed very well.(结果)他不经意地看了一下她,发现她虽然很纤弱,但看起来非常健康。Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mist

41、ake.(让步)虽然被告诉过好多次了,但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.(伴随)老师进了实验室,后面跟着一些学生。4.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally speaking 一般说来;frankly speaking 坦白地说;judging from/by.根据来判断;considering./o consideration考虑到;to tell you the truth 说实话;seein

42、g.考虑到;supposing假设;assuming假使;provided(that.)如果;compared to/with 与相比。如:Judging from his accent,he is from the south.从口音判断,他是南方人。Considering your health,youd better have a rest.考虑到你的健康,你最好休息一下。To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.说实话,我有点累。5.独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作

43、状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(Abso-lute Construction)。独立主格结构的特点是:独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成是:名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词;名词/代词+形容词;名词/代词+副词;名词/代词+不定式;名词/代词+介词短语;with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。如:The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our

44、 holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated),the whole coun-try was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。He came out of the library,with a large book under his arm.他夹着本

45、厚书,走出了图书馆。易混点总结易混点总结一、不定式、动名词和分词在句中所作成分的区别1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。如:Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你吸这么多烟对身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用来表示一件已知的事或经验;不定式作主语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。如:Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)To lean out o

46、f the window is dangerous.把头伸出窗外是危险的。(未发生)(3)不定式作主语,一般用it充当形式主语,而把作真正主语的不定式短语后置。如:It took me only five minutes to finish the job.完成这项工作只花了我5分钟的时间。(4)一般来说,可以用动名词的复合结构作主语,不用不定式的复合结构作主语。如:正:Your saying that is useful.你那么说有用。误:For us to say that means nothing to him.对我们而言,那么说对他没有用。(5)动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在

47、下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is/was+doing sth.如:It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing.(=To see is to believe.)眼见为实。no use/goodnot any use/goodof little use/good2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。如:What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议

48、是立刻开始工作。如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也应是不定式(表示结果)。如:To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或是what引导的名词性从句,则不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用的。如:His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the future.他的愿望是在将来买一辆豪华轿车。The most important thing is to negotiate with them

49、 about the future of the plant.最重要的事情是与他们商讨一下这个工厂的未来。(2)动名词作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的行为,一般可以和主语互换位置,意义不变。如:Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。Her job is washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。注意:动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其功能迥异:现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的;动名词作表语是用来说明主语的性质或情况的。(3)分词作表语分词作表

50、语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,这两者的区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词,如ex-cite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”、“感兴趣”,而是“使激动”、“使感兴趣”,因而现在分词应该意为“令人激动的”、“令人感兴趣的”,过去分词意为“感到激动的”和“感兴趣的”。所以,凡表示“令人的”都用v.-ing形式,凡是表示“感到的”都用v.-ed形式。换句话说,若人对感兴趣,就是sb.is interested in.,若人/物本身令人感兴趣时,就是sb./sth.is interesting。常见的这类词有:disappointi

51、ng令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的如:Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too

52、eresting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的如果要学生学太多,他们会糊涂的。His argument is very convincing.他的论点是非常有说服力的。They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。3.动名词和不定式作定语的区别动名词作定语置于被修饰的名词前,表示名词的用途;不定式作定语置于被修饰的名词之后,表示尚未发生的事。如:a fishing net 渔网;a reading room 阅

53、览室The problem to be discussed this afternoon is important.今天下午将要讨论的问题很重要。I have three letters to write.我有三封信要写。4.分词与不定式作状语的区别(1)现在分词与不定式都作结果状语时:现在分词作结果状语,表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之后,与句子的主语之间含有逻辑上的因果关系,往往带有必然性,它须放在句子之后,用逗号隔开。如:But,filled for the moment with extraordinary strength,he raised himself complete-ly

54、,obliging me to rise too,or I could not have supported him.可他一下子使出了非凡的力气,完全站了起来,我也不得不跟着站了起来,否则就无法搀扶他了。This kind of fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones.这种鱼能在两分钟内吃掉一个人,只留下一堆骨头。不定式作结果状语,位置也在句子之后,但不一定用逗号隔开。它往往表示未曾料到的结果,尤其是不愉快的或出人意料的结果。如:We hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.我们急匆匆地赶到火车站,结果发现火车已经开走了