OB13 TIF09组织行为学第九章测试讲解学习

1、Chapter 9 Foundations of Group Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE Defining and Classifying Groups 1. Which one of the following characteristics is not necessarily true about groups? a. Group members are interdependent. b. Groups have two or more members. c. Groups have assigned goals. d. Groups interact. e. G

2、roups have particular objectives. (c; Moderate; Groups; p. 284) 2. What sort of groups is defined by the organizations structure? a. informal b. task c. friendship d. interest e. formal (e; Easy; Formal Groups; p. 284) 3. When do informal groups appear? a. in response to the need for social contact

3、b. in reaction to formal groups c. as a result of social needs d. most frequently in bureaucracies e. when formal groups cannot meet their goals (a; Moderate; Informal Groups; p. 284) 4. Julia, Bree, and David work in different departments but often eat lunch together. They are an example of what ty

4、pe of group? a. formal b. informal c. command d. task e. reactant (b; Easy; Informal Groups; p. 284) AACSB: Analytic Skills 5. Which of the following statements is true? a. All task groups are also command groups. b. All command groups are also task groups. c. All task groups are also friendship gro

5、ups. d. All command groups are also informal groups. e. All informal groups are also command groups. (b; Moderate; Command Groups; p. 285) 6. The group type that is determined by the organization chart is the _ group. a. job b. work c. authority d. social e. command (e; Moderate; Command Groups; p.

6、284) 7. Which one of the following group types is organizationally determined? a. job b. task c. work d. authority e. social (b; Moderate; Task Groups; p. 285) 8. Employees who band together to seek improved working conditions form a(n) _ group. a. union b. support c. interest d. work e. emancipated

7、 (c; Moderate; Interest Groups; p. 285) 9. Which of the following statements most accurately describes interest groups? a. They are longer lasting than friendship groups. b. They develop because individual members have one or more common characteristics. c. They are formed because of some common obj

8、ective. d. They are governed by labor laws. e. They are likely to involve great social conflict. (c; Moderate; Interest Groups; p. 285) 10. Groups based on support for a given sports team are examples of what sort of group? a. booster b. interest c. friendship d. sports e. miscreant (c; Easy; Friend

9、ship Groups; p. 285) 11. Which of the following is not one of the most common reasons why people join groups? a. security b. status c. equity d. power e. goal achievement (c; Moderate; Reasons to Join Groups; p. 285) Stages of Group Development 12. What are the five stages of group development? a. g

10、eneration, implementation, construction, production, termination b. introduction, development, production, deterioration, adjournment c. initiation, evolution, maturation, degeneration, termination d. forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning e. acting, reacting, enacting, impacting, acting

11、 (d; Moderate; The Five-Stage Model; p. 286) 13. Which stage in group development is most characterized by uncertainty? a. introduction b. storming c. forming d. evolution e. norming (c; Moderate; Forming; p. 286) 14. In the second stage of group development _. a. close relationships are developed b

12、. the group demonstrates cohesiveness c. intragroup conflict often occurs d. the job task is performed e. groups disband (c; Challenging; Storming; p. 286) 15. After which stage of a groups development is there a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group? a. norming b. storming c. de

13、velopment d. evolution e. forming (b; Moderate; Storming; p. 286) 16. Which is the stage of group development characterized by the development of close relationships and cohesiveness? a. bonding b. norming c. performing d. initiating e. forming (b; Moderate; Norming; p. 286) 17. After which stage of

14、 a groups development has the group formed a common set of expectations of member behaviors? a. norming b. storming c. maturation d. development e. forming (a; Easy; Norming; p. 286) 18. When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the _ stage. a. storming b. norming

15、c. production d. maturation e. performing (e; Moderate; Performing; p. 286) 19. Temporary groups with deadlines tend to follow the _ model. a. sociometry b. five-stage group development c. punctuated equilibrium d. cluster variance e. frantic action (c; Moderate; Punctuated Equilibrium Model; pp. 28

16、7-288) 20. A temporary task group working under a time-constrained deadline would be expected to behave in which of the following manners? a. forming, then storming, then norming, then performing, and finally adjourning b. exhibit long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes

17、 triggered by its members awareness of looming deadlines c. develop plans, assign roles, determine and allocate resources, resolve conflicts, and set norms d. group energy will move rapidly from getting to know and understand each other to performing the task at hand e. a period of activity where ta

18、sks are set and the bulk of the project is completed, followed by a period of inertia where what little work remains is performed (b; Challenging; Punctuated Equilibrium Model; p. 288) 21. According to the punctuated equilibrium model, groups tend to experience what for the first half of the project

19、? a. inertia b. reorganization and redirection c. mid-life crisis d. markedly accelerated activity e. discord (a; Moderate; Punctuated Equilibrium Model; p. 288) Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, and Cohesiveness 22. Roles, norms, status, and cohesiveness are examples of _. a. structural

20、 variables b. team mechanisms c. static factors d. team factors e. group properties (e; Easy; Group Properties; p. 289) 23. What term is used for a set of expected behavior patterns associated with a particular position in a social unit? a. role b. role perception c. role identity d. role expectatio

21、n e. identity (a; Easy; Role; p. 289) 24. When Judith became a doctor she modeled her manner on her observations of more experienced doctors, and also on the behavior of doctors in medical dramas she had enjoyed watching as a child on TV. What is Judith modeling her manner upon? a. the role behavior

22、s of doctors b. her role perception of doctors c. the role identity of doctors d. her role expectation of doctors e. the core role actions of doctors (b; Easy; Role; p. 289) AACSB: Analytic Skills 25. Which of the following is true of role identity? a. Role perception creates the attitudes and actua

23、l behaviors consistent with a role. b. People have the ability to shift roles rapidly when the situation requires change. c. There is considerable inertia in role identity after roles are changed. d. Everyone is required to play one specific role in every situation. e. No two people ever agree on wh

24、at constitutes a role. (b; Moderate; Role Identity; p. 290) 26. Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, not show any favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. What term is used for this kind of belief? a. a norm b. a norm identity c.

25、a role expectation d. a role perception e. a norm violation (c; Moderate; Role Expectation; p. 290) 27. What term is used for the mutual expectations of what management expects from workers and what workers expect from management? a. group norm b. role expectation c. role identity d. psychological c

26、ontract e. reactive goals (d; Moderate; Psychological Contract; p. 290) 28. Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like the promotion, but realizes that it wo

27、uld force him to miss some church activities. It is likely that Zach is experiencing which of the following? a. role conflict b. role expectation c. role perception d. psychological conflict e. cognitive reactance (a; Easy; Role Conflict; p. 290) AACSB: Analytic Skills 29. Which of the following was

28、 the major finding of Zimbardos simulated prison experiment? a. Status differences between groups will always result in conflict between those groups. b. Group cohesiveness is so important that individuals will restrain their natural impulses in order to remain part of the group. c. Individuals can

29、rapidly assimilate new roles very different from their inherent personalities. d. An individuals emotions and the behavioral responses to those emotions are congruent. e. When given the opportunity, people will tend to act in an oppressive manner to those around them. (c; Moderate; Zimbardos Prison

30、Experiment; pp. 291-292) 30. What term is used for acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a groups members? a. norms b. rules c. standards d. codes of behavior e. explicit contracts (a; Easy; Norms; p. 292) 31. Which is not a common class of norms appearing in most work groups? a. perfo

31、rmance b. appearance c. in-group status d. social arrangement e. allocation of resources (c; Easy; Group Norms; p. 292) 32. Which of the following is not an example of a work group norm dealing with performance? a. when an employee needs to look busy b. how hard an employee should work c. the approp

32、riate levels of tardiness d. the acceptable level of output e. the importance of promptness (a; Challenging; Group Norms; p. 292) 33. What norms include things like appropriate dress and loyalty to the group or organization? a. performance b. appearance c. social arrangement d. allocation of resourc

33、es e. confluence (b; Easy; Group Norms; p. 292) 34. Norms that dictate with whom group members eat lunch, friendships on and off the job, and social games are _ norms. a. appearance b. social arrangement c. performance d. leisure e. confluence (b; Moderate; Group Norms; p. 292) 35. A local governmen

34、t work-crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. What is the class of norms that encompasses arrangements like this? a. performance. b. app

35、earance c. resource allocation d. financial rewards e. confluence (c; Moderate; Group Norms; p. 292) AACSB: Analytic Skills 36. Which of the following is not a finding of Elton Mayos Hawthorne studies? a. A workers behavior and sentiments are closely related. b. Group standards are highly effective

36、in establishing individual worker output. c. Money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards, sentiments, and security. d. Competition between groups will maximize group output. e. Group influences are significant in affecting individual behavior. (d; Challenging; The

37、Hawthorne Studies; pp. 292-293) 37. What term is used for the process by which an individuals desire for acceptance by the group and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors? a. conformity b. coercion c. commitme

38、nt d. convergence e. confluence (a; Easy; Conformity; p. 295) 38. The major contribution of the Asch study was to demonstrate the impact of _. a. group pressures b. seating arrangements c. convergence d. status e. cognitive dissonance (a; Moderate; Conformity; p. 295) 39. What term is used for antis

39、ocial actions by organizational members who voluntarily violate established norms and that result in negative consequences for the organization, its members, or both? a. ethical dilemmas b. deviant workplace behavior c. abnormal behavior d. discommitment behavior e. reactive affirmation behavior (b;

40、 Moderate; Deviant Workplace Behavior; p. 296) 40. Sally works as a salesperson in a department store. Whenever a customer asks for an item that is in stock but not on display, she usually tells them that the product is out of stock. “Its a pain going into the stock-room to find an item,” says Sally

41、. “Nobody in my department ever tells a customer the truth about what is in stock.” This example illustrates which of the following facts about deviant workplace behavior? a. Deviant workplace behavior will arise when tasks that an employee is supposed to perform are unpleasant or difficult. b. Most

42、 workers do not consider lying to a customer be deviant workplace behavior. c. Workers will lie to customers as long as the customers do not complain about it. d. Deviant workplace behavior flourishes where its supported by group norms. e. Groups will come to their own conclusions about what is and

43、isnt appropriate. (d; Challenging; Deviant Workplace Behavior; p. 297) AACSB: Analytic Skills 41. What term is used for the socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others? a. regency b. authority c. status d. command e. magnus (c; Moderate; Status; p. 297) 42. A group i

44、s most likely to tolerate deviation from a groups conformity norms by which of the following individuals? a. a high status individual who does not care about the social rewards the group provides b. a high status individual who is tightly integrated into the groups social structure c. a low status i

45、ndividual who has only recently entered the group d. a low status individual who strongly wishes to integrate within the group e. a low status individual who is not well regarded by the rest of the group (a; Moderate; Status; p. 298) AACSB: Analytic Skills 43. Which of the following statements about

46、 status is not true? a. Status is an important motivator. b. Possession of personal characteristics that are positively valued by the group will give a member higher status. c. Low status members are given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other members. d. High status members are better a

47、ble to resist conformity pressures than lower status members. e. Conformity is affected by status. (c; Moderate; Status; p. 298) AACSB: Analytic Skills 44. High status people tend to _. a. be more assertive b. assist more c. be more reflective d. have superior insight e. be well liked (a; Moderate;

48、Status; p. 298) 45. Your group is engaged in problem solving and your goal is fact-finding. Which of the following size group should be most effective? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10 e. 15 (e; Easy; Group Size; p. 299) 46. If your group must take action, which size should be most effective? a. 3 b. 7 c. 12 d.

49、 24 e. 100 (b; Easy; Group Size; p. 299) 47. What term is used for the tendency for individuals to spend less effort when working collectively? a. groupthink b. the rule of diminishing returns c. social loafing d. groupshift e. clustering (c; Easy; Social Loafing; p. 299) 48. What did Ringelmann con

50、clude after he compared the results of individual and group performance? a. The larger the group, the greater the individual productivity. b. Individual productivity goes down as group size goes up. c. Total productivity tends to decline in large groups. d. Group size is not a determinant of individ

51、ual productivity. e. Groups served little purpose in organizations. (b; Moderate; Group Size and Productivity; p. 300) 49. Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing? a. increase the rewards the group is given if it succeeds b. increase the amount by which the groups p

52、rogress is monitored c. provide means by which individual efforts can be identified d. increase the size of the group e. increase the groups workload (c; Easy; Social Loafing; p. 301) AACSB: Analytic Skills 50. What term is used for the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and

53、are motivated to stay in the group? a. cohesiveness b. integration c. sociability d. reliability e. interdependence (a; Easy; Cohesiveness; p. 301) 51. Which of the following is not likely to increase group cohesiveness? a. a high level of group productivity b. members spending a lot of time togethe

54、r c. the existence of external threats d. the group is physically isolated e. bonding opportunities exist between members (a; Moderate; Cohesiveness and Productivity; p. 301) AACSB: Analytic Skills 52. What will happen if group cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low? a. Internal conflict

55、 will be high. b. Internal conflict will be low. c. Productivity will be high. d. Productivity will be low. e. It will have little effect on internal conflict or productivity. (d; Moderate; Cohesiveness and Productivity; p. 301) AACSB: Analytic Skills Group Decision Making 53. Group decisions are generally preferable to individual decisions when which of the following is sought? a. acceptance of the solution b. speed c. efficiency d. clear responsibility e.