完整版拆译法

1、Tran slat ing Skill: Divisio n（分 / 拆译法）Objectives:1. To get some idea about divisi on as a basic tran slat ing skill;2. To lear n how to use divisi on while doing tran slati on betwee n En glish and Chin ese.Mai n Conten ts:1. The definition of division as a translating skill;2. The applicati on of

2、divisio n in E C tran slatio n;Practices:The practice of division in E C translation.Teach ing Procedures:Part I Please try to tra nslate the followi ng sen ten ces into Chi nese.1. He, not surpris in gly, did not come at all.2. He is hon est. He is straightforward.3. About one hun dred eleme nts, t

3、wo thirds of which are metals, have bee n found.4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old.5. We tried in vai n to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you don t understand?Refere nee an swers:1. He, not surprisingly, did

4、 not come at all.他根本就没来，这是不足为奇的。2. He is hon est. He is straightforward.他为人纯朴而坦诚。3. About one hun dred eleme nts, two thirds of which are metals, have bee n found.已经发现100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。4. He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old.他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。5. We tried in vai

5、n to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。6. Is there any problem I mentioned that you don t under?tand我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？Part II Compare the two vers ions of tran slati on.1. Matter has certa in features or properties that en able us to recog nize it easily.物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们

6、的特征。物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。2.1 put on my clothes by the light of a half-m oon just sett ing, where rays streamed through thenarrow window near my bed.我趁着正要落下去的半个月亮光穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的窗子照射了进来。半轮残月渐渐西坠，月光透过床旁边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。3. Immediately, the bandit opened fire, killing four workers and injuring

7、 the fifth who later died of his woun ds.刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了后来死于枪伤的第五个人。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。这名工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。Part III Gen eral An alysis.英语重形合，而汉语则重意合，这种截然不同的外在表现形式要求我们在英汉翻译时要 谨记这种差异，化繁为简，化长为短，化整为零。一般说来，英语长句比较多，汉语句子一 般比较短。英语的后置修饰语有时很长，而汉语的修饰语一般前置，不宜过长。因此，在很 多情况下，英语长句的翻译通常采用分译法分译成几个短句，原封不动地对原文中

8、的长句进行汉译，往往会使译文读者感到费解。吉尼斯世界记录是属于美国著名作家乔伊斯(James Joyce)的名著尤利西斯(Ulysses)，被称为一部二十世纪最伟大的英语小说”。这本书英文版的第十八章全章只有两个标点符 号，在第四句和第八句结尾的句号。如果按八句算，那么最长的句子有4391个词。如果按两句算，那么最长的句子有 12931个词。英国作家 Jonathan Coe在2001年出版的小说腐 烂者俱乐部(The Rotters Club)，书中有一句话有 13955个词。3. 1 Defi nitio n:Division ( 分/拆译法):Division is the necess

9、ary splitting of an element (word, phrase, sentence) into several ones or the splitti ng of the subord in ate clauses into several senten ces. A word may turn to an in depe ndent sentence or a phrase.分句法是指为了符合汉语表达习惯，也为了更清楚地表达原文意思，在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。因此，为了有效地翻译好长句，我们可对其进

10、行语法分析，先找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语，然后找出修饰主语和宾语的定语或定语从句，以及修饰谓语的状语或状语从句。理清句子的语法层次之后，就要按照汉语的语言习惯调整搭配，恰如其分地进行分译。当然，在文学翻译时，为了保留原文特定的文体风格，有时我们还非得保留原文的长句不可。3. 2 Splitt ing a sentence at will is bound to damage the style, or the meaning of the original, but that doesn tmean to split the sentence is absolutely impermissib

11、le. Some rules should be followed.3.2.1. Divisi on of a noun1) Much of the historical sple ndor of China stra ins the imagi natio n of Wester n people: its expanse, its cultural diversity, the len gth of its history , the beautiful objects produced thousa nds of years ago with a tech no logy that st

12、ill makes the experts gasp.中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西方人心驰神往：其内容博大精深，其文化多姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中所使用的精湛技艺至今还令专家们惊叹不 已。2) Nix on was greatly impressed by Stasse n firm han dshake. (W. Man chester: The Glory and theDream)史塔生紧紧和他握手，尼克松对这点印象很深刻。3) At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the m

13、iddle-ground reply.现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险.3.2.2 Divisio n of an adjective1) His announcement got a mixed reaction.他的声明引起了反响，有好有坏。2) That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。3) He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a Ianguage and he was al

14、l for the racy phrases.他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想。4) Jeffers on believed that gover nment are, at best, necessary evil.杰弗逊认为有政府总归是坏事，从最好的角度来说，只能说这种坏事是有所必要的。5) Chin ese people are justly famous for hospitality throughout the world中国人民以好客闻名于世，名不虚传。6) Strange eno ugh, they were the same age to the

15、day.说来也巧，他俩同年同月同日生。3.3.3 Divisio n of a verb1) She in spected the table for dust with her fin ger.她用手指抹抹桌子，看看是否有灰尘。2) But their army had outrun their supplies.他们的军队进展太快，以至于给养供应不上。3) The town boasts a beautiful lake.镇上有一个美丽的湖，人人以此为傲。3.3.4 Divisi on of an adverb1) She was pardonably proud of her wonde

16、rful cooking.她为她高超的烹调技术自豪，这是情有可原的。2) Jordan cannot politely turn down the invitation to an Arab fore ign ministers conference.约旦拒绝阿拉伯外长会议的邀请，这在礼节上是说不过去的。3) 1 tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Hele n Keller: The Story of My Life)我想把这些碎片拼在一起，可是拼不起来。4) A schoolmaster, finding such errors in a s

17、choolboy jsslysmignajid be小学老师要是在学生的作文里发现那样的错误也一定会生气，而生气是完全应该的。3.3.5 Divisi on of a phrase1) The wrong power-line connections will damage the motor.如果把电源接错，就会损坏电动机。2) The factory was already spreadi ng fame for its products.这个工厂产品质量优良，这一点已远近闻名。3) Electronic computers being used, the complex problem

18、was solved quickly and accurately. (participle phrase)由于使用了电子计算机，复杂的问题很快而且精确地得到解决。4) He had to quit the positi on and went into exile, having bee n deprived of his power .他被剥夺了权利之后，他只好辞职，流落他乡。5) Being summer, the rivers were open and navigable .夏天已到，河流开冻，可以通航。3.3.6. Divisi on of a compo und or compl

19、ex sentence1) Unfortunately, the want of the family had kept him from school and he seemed to feel theloss.不幸的是，他因家境贫寒不能上学，他似乎痛切地感受到这种损失。2) In the future, robots which can do almost all of our hard work will be seen workingeverywhere.将来，到处可见机器人在工作，他们能替代我们担负起所有繁重的工作。3) The cloud bey ond the horiz on

20、was war, which he was not alone in sensing and which ma ny of his elders an ticipated with patriotic expecta ncy.天边的远处出现了战争的阴云，预感到战争的不止他一人，他的许多前辈出于爱国之心 正期待着战争的到来。Part IV In-class practice: Please translate the following two paragraphs into Chin ese.Proponents of more study of Chinese in U.S. schools

21、 are finding an active ally in the Chinese gover nment, which helped un derwrite the Chicago program and new Adva need Placeme nt exam and has a new agreement with the College Board to build Chinese Ianguage programs in 2,000 public schools over the n ext fiveyears. The U.S. Departme nt of Educati o

22、n and the Mi nistry ofEducati on in Beiji ng have cooperated to create Chen go, an on li ne games-based program for begi nning Chin ese .Reference:在美国学校里多开设汉语课程的倡导者们得到了中国政府的积极支持，中国政 府承诺为芝加哥的汉语教学项目及大学预科汉语考试提供经费，并与大学理事会达成协议， 五年内在美国2000所公立学校里开设汉语教学项目。美国教育部与中国教育部合作开发乘风”教学软件，这是一套为初学汉语者设计的以游戏为基础的网络教学软件。Wh

23、at kind of pare nt is most likely to give a child such a disti nctively black n ame? The data offer a clear answer: an unmarried, low-income, undereducated teenage mother from a black neighborhood who has a distinctively black name herself. In Fryers view, giving a child a superblack n ame is a blac

24、k pare nts sig nal of solidarity with the com mun ity. If I start naming my kid Madis on，” he says, you might think, Oh, you want to go live across the railroad tracks, dont you? If black kids who study calculus and ballet are thought to be act ing white, Fryer says, the n mothers who call their bab

25、ies Shanice are simply acting black.Referenee:那么通常是什么样的父母会给孩子取一个典型的黑人名字呢？ 一些数据为 我们提供了明确的答案：那些没有结婚、受教育水平比较低的未成年母亲，她们通常生活在黑人社区里，而且大多数人自己也都有一个典型的黑人名字。在弗立叶看来，那些给孩子取一个典型的黑人名字的父母本身就是在通过孩子的名字表明自己对所在社区的认同。如果我开始给我的孩子取名Madison的话，”他说道，你可能会想，哦，你想让你的孩子向白模仿白人”的话，弗立人学习，是吗？如果说那些学习微积分和芭蕾舞的孩子会被认为是 叶说道，那么那些给自己的孩子取名Sha

26、nice就是在 坚守黑人阵地More Exercise:1. They were very frank and can did with each other in a relaxed way.2. She had such a kind, smili ng, ten der, gen tie, gen erous heart that she was loved and respected by her stude nts.3. The nu mber of the young people in the Un ited States who cannot read is in credib

27、leabout onein four.4. Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle soluti on.5. They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.6. He is an active student, but he was uncharacteristically listless in class today.Refere nee to Exercise:1. They were very frank and can did with each other in a relaxed wa

28、y.他们之间十分坦率，直言不讳，但气氛都十分轻松。2. She had such a kind, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart that she was loved and respected by her stude nts.她心地善良，性格温柔，乐观大方，深受学生们的爱戴。她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，气量又大，为人乐观，深受学生们的爱戴。3 The nu mber of the young people in the Un ited States who cannot read is incredible-about one in four.大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。4 Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.她满