(完整版)SCI写作句型汇总,推荐文档

1、sci 论文写作中一些常用的句型总结(一)很多文献已经讨论过了一、 在 introduction 里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了。它的可能的说法有很多很多，这里列举几种我很久以前搜集的：a. solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated. (nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740 )b. this was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite p

2、lasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.c. several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topicsd. much work so far has

3、focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（doi:10.1038/nmat3151）e. recent developments of lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（chem. rev. 2002, 102, 36413666）f. an interesting approach in the use of

4、 zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid was described by ogawa et al（chem.rev. 2002, 102, 36413666）g. considerable research efforts have been devoted to the direct transition metal- catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (j. org. chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989)h. there are many excellent r

5、eviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by hoffmann and coworkers,mills and coworkers, and kamat.(metal oxide catalysis,19,p755)i. nishimiya and tsutsumi have reported on（proposed）the influence of the si/

6、al ratio ofvarious zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (chem.rev. 2002, 102, 36413666)二、在 results and discussion 中经常会用到的：如图所示a. gixrd patterns in figure 1a show the bulk structural information on as-deposited films.b. as shown in figure 7b, the steady-st

7、ate current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 v, which is probably due to the dissolution of feox.c. as can be seen from parts a and b of figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable vox structures（j. phys. chem. c 2014, 118, 2495024958）这与 xx 能够相互印

8、证：a. this is supported by the appearance in the ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet visible absorption band at 420520nm (see fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 ev.b. this is consistent with the observation from semeds. (z.zou et al. / chemical physics letters 332 (2

9、000) 271277)c. this indicates a good agreement between the observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupp2/c when the o atoms are included in the model.d. the results are in good consistent with the observed photocatalytic activity.e. identical conclusions were obtained in studi

10、es where the spr intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures.f. it was also found that areas of persistent divergent surface flow coincide with regions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when ssts are abo

11、ve 27.5c.(二)1. 值得注意的是.a. it must also be mentioned that the recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.b. another interesting finding is that zeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed highselectivities (99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-member

12、ed ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (chem. rev. 2002, 102, 36413666)c. it should be pointed out that the nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high orr electrocatalytic activity.d.

13、 notably, the ru ii and rh i complexes possessing the same binap chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products. (angew. chem. int. ed., 2002, 41: 20082022)e. given the multitude of various transformations published, it is noteworthy that only very few distinct activation methods h

14、ave been identified. (chem. soc. rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)f. it is important to highlight that these two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the “h-bond-catalyst” and the catalyst acting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (chem.

15、 soc. rev., 2009, 38, 2178- 2189)g. it is worthwhile mentioning that these ppnds can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge ppnds resulting in electrosteric sta

16、bilization.(adv. mater., 2012, 24: 20372041)2. 仍然是个挑战a. there is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge to rationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive mtmos for advanced libs, ecs, mobs, and fcs. （angew. chem. int. ed.2 014, 53, 1488 1504）b. however, systems th

17、at are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.c. it remains challenging to develop highly active her catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (j. am. chem. soc., 2011, 133, 72967299)d. one of the great challenges in the twenty-first

18、century is unquestionably energy storage. (nature materials 2005, 4, 366 - 377 )众所周知a. it is well established (accepted) / it is known to all / it is commonlyknown that many characteristics of functional materials, such as composition, crystalline phase, structural and morphological features, and th

19、e sur-/interface properties between the electrode and electrolyte, would greatly influence the performance of these unique mtmos in electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications.（angew. chem. int. ed.2014,53, 1488 1504）b. it is generally accepted (believed) that for a-fe2o3-based sensors th

20、e change in resistance is mainly caused by the adsorption and desorption of gases on the surface of the sensor structure. (adv. mater. 2005, 17, 582)c. as we all know, soybean abounds with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen elements owing to the existence of sugar, proteins and lipids. (chem. commun., 2012

21、, 48, 9367-9369)d. there is no denying that their presence may mediate spin moments to align parallel without acting alone to show d0-fm. (nanoscale, 2013, 5, 3918-3930)(三)1. 正如下文将提到的.a. as will be described below（也可以是 as we shall see below）, as the si/al ratioincreases, the surface of the zeolite b

22、ecomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.（chem. rev. 2002, 102, 36413666）b. this behavior is to be expected and will be further discussed below. (j. am. chem. soc., 1955, 77, 37013707)c. there are also some small deviations with

23、 respect to the flow direction, which we will discuss below.（science, 2001, 291, 630-633）d. below, we will see what this implies.e. complete details of this case will be provided at a later time.e. 很多论文中，也经常直接用 see below 来表示，比如：the observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is s

24、uggestive of a vls growth process (see below). (science, 1998, 279, 208-211)2. 这与 xx 能够相互印证.a. this is supported by the appearance in the ni-doped compounds of an ultravioletvisible absorption band at 420520 nm (see fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 evb. this is con

25、sistent with the observation from semeds. (chem. phys. lett. 2000, 332, 271277)c. identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the spr intensity and wavelengthwere modulated by manipulating the composition, shape, or size of plasmonic nanostructures. （nat. mater. 2011, doi: 10.1038/nmat3151）

26、d. in addition, the shape of the titration curve versus the ppi/1 ratio, coinciding withthat obtained by fluorescent titration studies, suggested that both 2:1 and 1:1 host-to-guest complexes are formed. (j. am. chem. soc. 1999, 121, 9463-9464)e. this unusual luminescence behavior is in accord with

27、a recent theoretical prediction;mos2, an indirect bandgap material in its bulk form, becomes a direct bandgap semiconductor when thinned to a monolayer. (nano lett., 2010, 10, 12711275)3. 我们的研究可能在哪些方面得到应用a. our ndings suggest that the use of solar energy for photocatalytic water splitting might prov

28、ide a viable source for clean hydrogen fuel, once the catalytic efciency of thesemiconductor system has been improved by increasing its surface area and suitablemodications of the surface sites.b. along with this green and cost-effective protocol of synthesis, we expect that these novel carbon nanod

29、ots have potential applications in bioimaging and electrocatalysis.(chem. commun., 2012, 48, 9367-9369)c. this system could potentially be applied as the gain medium of solid-state organic- based lasers or as a component of high value photovoltaic (pv) materials, where destructive high energy uv rad

30、iation would be converted to useful low energy nir radiation. (chem. soc. rev., 2013, 42, 29-43)d. since the use of graphene may enhance the photocatalytic properties of tio2 under uv and visible-light irradiation, graphenetio2 composites may potentially be used to enhance the bactericidal activity.

31、 (chem. soc. rev., 2012, 41, 782-796)e. it is the first report that cqds are both amino-functionalized and highly fluorescent, which suggests their promising applications in chemical sensing.(carbon, 2012, 50, 28102815)(四)1.什么东西还尚未发现/系统研究a. however,systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient

32、for practical use have not yet been realized.b. nevertheless,for conventional nanostructured mtmos as mentioned above, some problematic disadvantages cannot be overlooked.（angew. chem. int. ed.2014,53, 1488 1504）c. there are relatively few studies devoted to determination of cmc values for block cop

33、olymer micelles. (macromolecules 1991, 24, 1033-1040)d. this might be the reason why, despite of the great influence of the preparation on the catalytic activity of gold catalysts, no systematic study concerning the synthesis conditions has been published yet. (applied catalysis a: general2002, 226,

34、 113)e. these possibilities remain to be explored.f. further effort is required to understand and better control the parameters dominating the particle surface passivation and resulting properties for carbon dots of brighter photoluminescence. (j. am. chem. soc., 2006, 128 , 77567757)2. 由于/因为.a. liq

35、uid ammonia is particularly attractive as an alternative to water due to its stability in the presence of strong reducing agents such as alkali metals that are used to access lower oxidation states.b. the unique nature of the cyanide ligand results from its ability to act both as a donor and a accep

36、tor combined with its negativecharge and ambidentate nature.c. qdots are also excellent probes for two-photon confocalmicroscopy because they are characterized by a very large absorption crosssection (science 2005, 307, 538-544).d. as a result of the reductive strategy we used and of the strong bond

37、ing between the surface and the aryl groups, low residual currents (similar to those observed at a bare electrode) were obtained over a large window of potentials, the same as for the unmodified parent gc electrode. (j. am. chem. soc. 1992, 114, 5883-5884)e. the small tafel slope of the defect-rich

38、mos2 ultrathin nanosheets is advantageous for practical applications, since it will lead to a faster increment of her rate with increasing overpotential.(adv. mater., 2013, 25: 58075813)f. fluorescent carbon-based materials have drawn increasing attention in recentyears owing to exceptional advantag

39、es such as high optical absorptivity, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity.(angew. chem. int. ed., 2013, 52: 39533957)g. on the basis of measurements of the heat of immersion of water on zeolites, tsutsumi etal. claimed that the surface consists of siloxane bondings and is hydropho

40、bicin the region of low al content. (chem. rev. 2002, 102, 36413666)h. nanoparticle spatial distributions might have a large significance for catalyst stability, given that metal particle growth is a relevant deactivation mechanism for commercial catalysts.3很重要a. the inhibition of additional nucleat

41、ion during growth, in other words, the complete separation of nucleation and growth, is critical(essential, important) for the successful synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals. (nature materials 3, 891 - 895 (2004)b. in the current study, cys, homocysteine (hcy) and glutathione (gsh) were chosen as

42、 model thiol compounds since they play important (significant, vital, critical) roles in many biological processes and monitoring of these thiol compounds is of great importancefor diagnosis of diseases.(chem. commun., 2012, 48, 1147-1149)c. this is because according to nucleation theory, what reall

43、y matters in addition to the change in temperature t (or supersaturation) is the cooling rate.(chem. soc. rev., 2014, 43, 2013-2026)(五)1. 相反/不同于a. on the contrary, mononuclear complexes, called single-ion magnets (sim), have shown hysteresis loops of butterfly/phonon bottleneck type, with negligible

44、 coercivity, and therefore with much shorter relaxation times of magnetization. (angew. chem. int. ed.,2014, 53: 44134417)b. in contrast, the dy compound has significantly larger value of the transversal magnetic moment already in the ground state (ca. 101b), therefore allowing a fast qtm. （angew. c

45、hem. int. ed., 2014, 53: 44134417）c. in contrast to the structural similarity of these complexes, their magnetic behavior exhibits strong divergence. (angew. chem. int. ed., 2014, 53: 44134417)d. contrary to other conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride ischemically and thermally stable an

46、d does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. (nature materials, 2009, 8(1): 76-80.)e. unlike the spherical particles they are derived from that rayleigh light-scatter in the blue, these nanoprisms exhibit scattering in the red, which could be useful in developing multicolor diagnostic labels

47、 on the basis not only of nanoparticle composition and size but also of shape. (science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)2. 发现，阐明，报道，证实可供选择的词包括：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit

48、, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of举例：a. these stacks appear as nanorods in the two-dimensional tem images, but tilting experiments confirmthat they are nanoprisms. (science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)b

49、. note that tem shows that about 20% of the nanoprisms are truncated. (science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)c. therefore, these calculations not only allow us to identify the important features in the spectrum of the nanoprisms but also the subtle relation between particle shape and the frequency of the ban

50、ds that make up their spectra. (science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)d. we observed a decrease in intensity of the characteristic surface plasmon band in the ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy for the spherical particles at max = 400 nm with a concomitant growth of three new bands of max = 335 (weak)

51、, 470 (medium), and 670 nm (strong), respectively. (science 2001, 294, 1901-1903)e. in this article, we present data demonstrating that opiate and nonopiate analgesia systems can be selectively activated by different environmental manipulationsand describe the neural circuitry involved. (science 198

52、2, 216, 1185-1192)f. this suggests that the cobalt in cop has a partial positive charge (+), while the phosphorus has a partial negative charge (), implying a transfer of electron density from co to p. (angew. chem., 2014, 126: 68286832)3. 如何指出当前研究的不足a. although these inorganic substructures can exh

53、ibit a high density of functional groups, such as bridging oh groups, and the substructures contribute significantly to the adsorption properties of the material,surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the post-synthetic functionalization of the inorganic units within mofs. (chem. eur. j.,

54、 2013, 19: 55335536.)b. little is known, however, about the microstructure of this material. (nature materials 2013,12, 554561)c. so far, very little information is available, and only in the absorber film, not in the whole operational devices. （nano lett., 2014, 14 (2), pp 888893）d. in fact it shou

55、ld be noted that very little optimisation work has been carried out on these devices. (chem. commun., 2013, 49, 7893-7895)e. by far the most architectures have been prepared using a solution processed perovskite material, yet a few examples have been reported that have used an evaporated perovskite

56、layer. (adv. mater., 2014, 27: 18371841.)f. water balance issues have been effectively addressed in pemfc technology through a large body of work encompassing imaging, detailed water content and water balance measurements, materials optimization and modeling, but very few of these activities have be

57、en undertaken for anion exchange membrane fuel cells, primarily due to limited materials availability and device lifetime. (j. polym. sci. part b: polym. phys., 2013, 51: 17271735)g. however, none of these studies tested for th17 memory, a recently identified t cell that specializes in controlling e

58、xtracellular bacterial infections at mucosal surfaces. (pnas, 2013, 111, 787792)h. however, uncertainty still remains as to the mechanism by which li salt addition results in an extension of the cathodic reduction limit. (energy environ. sci., 2014, 7, 232-250)i. there have been a number of high profile cases where failure to identify the most stable crystal form of a drug has led to severe formulation problems in manufacture. (chem. soc. rev., 2014, 4