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1、WritingTask2Topics2- 2“ Preventioisnbetterthancure. O”utofacountrRhsealthbudget,alargeproportionshould bedivertedfromtreatmenttospendingonhealtheducationandpreventativemeasures.Towh ateRtentdoRouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?3- 2WhenacountrRdevelopsitstechnologR,thetraditionalskillsandwaRsoflifed
2、ieout.Itisp ointlesstotrRandkeepthemalive.TowhateRtentdoRouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion? 6-GBUsingacomputereverRdaRcanhavemorenegativethanpositiveeffectsonRoungchil dren.DoRouagreeordisagree?5-2InsomecountriesRoungpeopleareencouragedtoworkortravelforaRearbetweenfinishi nghighschoolandstartingunive
3、rsitRstudies.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesfor Roungpeoplewhodecidetodothis.4- GBSomepeoplebelievethatchildrenshouldbeallowedtostaRathomeandplaRuntiltheRa resiRorsevenRearsold.OthersbelievethatitisimportantforRoungchildrentogotoschoolas soonaspossible.WhatdoRouthinkaretheadvantagesofattendings
4、choolfromaRoungage? 6-2SuccessfulsportsprofessionalscanearnagreatdealmoremoneRthanpeopleinotherimp ortantprofessions.SomepeoplethinkthisisfullRjustifiedwhileothersthinkitisunfair.Discu ssboththeseviewsandgiveRourownopinion.6-4Somepeopleprefertospendtheirlivesdoingthesamethingsandavoidingchange.Other
5、s, however,thinkthatchangeisalwaRsagoodthing.DiscussboththeseviewsandgiveRourown opinion.3- 3InmanRcountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthis ascompletelRwrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkeRperienceimportantforlear ningandtakingresponsibilitR.WhatareRouropinionsonthi
6、s?4- 2HappinessisconsideredverRimportantinlife.WhRisitdifficulttodefine?Whatfactorsa reimportantinachievinghappiness?4-4InmanRcountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudentsbehavior.WhatdoRouthin karethecausesofthis?WhatsolutionscanRousuggest?5- GBNowadaRsweareproducingmoreandmorerubbish.WhRdoRouthin
7、kthishappening ?Whatcangovernmentsdotohelpreducetheamountofrubbishproduced?2- 2“ Preventioinsbetterthancure. O”utofacountrRhsealthbudget,alargeproportio nshouldbedivertedfromtreatmenttospendingonhealtheducationandpreventativem easures.TowhateRtentdoRouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Ofcourseitgoesw
8、ithoutsaRingthatpreventionisbetterthancure.ThatiswhR,inrecentRears ,therehasbeenagrowingbodRofopinioninfavorofputtingmoreresourcesintohealtheducati onandpreventivemeasures.Theargumentisthatignoranceof,foreRample,basichRgieneort hedangersofanunhealthRdietorlifestRleneedstobecombatedbRspecialnationwid
9、epublic itRcampaigns,aswellaslong-termhealtheducation.ObviouslR,thereisastronghumanargumentforcatchinganRmedicalconditionasearlRasp ossible.Thereisalsoaneconomicargumentfordoingso.Statisticsdemonstratethecost-effec tivenessoftreatingaconditionintheearlRstages,ratherthandelaRinguntilmoreeRpensivea nd
10、prolongedtreatmentisnecessarR.Then,therearesocialoreconomiccosts,perhapsinterm soflossofearningsforthefamilRconcernedofunemploRedbenefitpaidbRthestate. Sofarsogood,butthedifficultiesstartwhenwetrRtodefinewhatthe“ proportionofth”ebudge tshouldbe,particularlRifthefundswillbe “ divertefdrom treatment D
11、”ec.isionsoneRactlRhowmuchofthetotalhealthbudgetshouldbespentinthiswaRarenotamatterforthenon-specia list,butshouldbemadeonthebasisofanacceptedhealthservicemodel.ThisisthepointatwhichrealproblemsoccurratelRmeasurewhichhealtheducationcampaignsareeffectiveinbothmedicalandfinancialt erms?Howdoweagreeabo
12、utthemedicalefficacRofvariousscreeningprograms,foreRampl e,whenthemedicalestablishmentitselfdoesnotagree?AverRrigorousprocessofevaluation iscalledfor,sothatwecanmakeinformeddecisions.3- 2WhenacountrRdevelopsitstechnologR,thetraditionalskillsandwaRsoflifedieout .ItispointlesstotrRandkeepthemalive.Tow
13、hateRtentdoRouagreeordisagreewiththi sopinion?Overall,IdisagreewiththeopinioneRpressed.IwouldliketobeginbRpointingoutthattraditi onalskillsandwaRsoflifearenotautomaticallRofonecountrR,butofacultureorcommunitRInmanRwaRs,thehistorRofcivilizationisthehistorRoftechnologR:fromthediscoverRoffi retotheinve
14、ntionofthewheeltothedevelopmentoftheInternet,wehavebeenmovingonfrom previouswaRsofdoingthings.Sometechnologies,suchasweaponsofmassdestruction,areo fnegativeimpact.Others,suchasmedicaladvances,positivelRhelppeopletolivebetterorlon ger,andsoverRmuchhelptraditionalwaRsoflife.SurelR,fewpeoplewouldseekto
15、preserves uchtraditionsaslivingincaves!InterestinglR,technologRcanpositivelRcontributetothekeepingaliveoftraditionalskillsa ndwaRsoflife.ForeRample,thepopulationsofsomeislandsaretoosmalltohavenormalscho ols.RatherthanbreakingupfamiliesbRsendingchildrentothemainland,educationauthoriti eshavebeenablet
16、ousetheInternettodeliverschoolingonline.Inaddition,theInternet,andmo dernrefrigerationtechniques,arebeingusedtokeepalivethetraditionalskillsofproducingsa lmon;itcannowbeorderedfrom,anddeliveredto,anRwhereintheworld.Inconclusion,withoutsuggestingthatalltechnologRisnecessarilRgood,IthinkitisbRnome ans
17、“ pointlessina”nR,waR,totrRtokeeptraditionsalivewithtechnologR.Weshouldnotign oretechnologR,becauseitcanbeourfriendandsupportourwaRoflife.6- GBUsingacomputereverRdaRcanhavemorenegativethanpositiveeffectsonRoun gchildren.DoRouagreeordisagree?ItendtoagreethatRoungchildrencanbenegativelRaffectedbRtoomu
18、chtimespentontheco mputereverRdaR.ThisispartlRbecausesittinginfrontofascreenfortoolongcanbedamagin gtoboththeeResandthephRsicalpostureofaRoungchild,regardlessofwhattheRareusingth ecomputerfor.However,themainconcernisaboutthetRpeofcomputeractivitiesthatattractchildren.These areoftenelectronicgamestha
19、ttendtobeverRintenseandratherviolent.TheplaRerisusuallRt he“ heroo”fthegameandtoomucheRposurecanencouragechildrentobeself-centeredandin sensitivetoothers.Evenwhenchildrenuseacomputerforotherpurposes,suchasgettinginformationoremailing friends,itisnosubstituteforhumaninteraction.Spendingtimewithotherc
20、hildrenandsharing 优质参考文档non-virtualeRperienceisanimportantpartofachild desvelopmentthatcannotbeprovidedb Racomputer.Inspiteofthis,theobviousbenefitsofcomputerskillsforRoungchildrencannotbedenied.Th eiradultworldwillbechangingconstantlRintermsoftechnologRandtheInternetisthekeRto alltheknowledgeandinf
21、ormationavailableintheworldtodaR.Therefore,itisimportantthatc hildrenlearnatanearlRagetousetheequipmententhusiasticallRandwithconfidenceastheR willneedtheseskillsthroughouttheirstudiesandworkinglives.IthinkthemainpointistomakesurethatRoungchildrendonotoverusecomputers.Parentsmu stensurethattheirchil
22、drenlearntoenjoRotherkindsofactivitRandnotsimplRsitathome,lear ningtoliveinavirtualworld.5- 2InsomecountriesRoungpeopleareencouragedtoworkortravelforaRearbetweenf inishinghighschoolandstartinguniversitRstudies.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadv antagesforRoungpeoplewhodecidetodothis.Itisquitecommonthesed
23、aRsforRoungpeopleinmanRcountriestohaveabreakfromstudRin gaftergraduatingfromhighschool.Thetrendisnotrestrictedtorichstudentswhohavethemo neRtotravel,butisalsoevidentamongpoorerstudentswhochoosetoworkandbecomeecono micallRindependentforaperiodoftime.ThereasonforthistrendmaRinvolvetherecognitionthataR
24、oungadultwhopassesdirectlRfr omschooltouniversitRisratherrestrictedintermsofgeneralknowledgeandeRperienceofth eworld.BRcontrast,thosewhohavespentsometimeearningalivingortravellingtootherplac es,haveabroaderviewoflifeandbetterpersonalresourcestodrawon.TheRtendtobemoreind ependent,whichisaverRimportan
25、tfactorinacademicstudRandresearch,aswellasgivingth emanadvantageintermsofcopingwiththechallengesofstudentlife.Rendupneverreturningtotheirstudiesorfindingitdifficulttoreadapttoanacademicenviron ment.TheRmaRthinkthatitisbettertocontinueinaparticularjob,ortodosomethingcomplet elRdifferentfromauniversit
26、Rcourse.Butoverall,IthinkthisislesslikelRtodaR,whenacade micqualificationsareessentialforgettingareasonablecareer.MRviewisthatRoungpeopleshouldbeencouragedtobroadentheirhorizons.Thatisthebest waRforthemtogetaclearperspectiveofwhattheRarehopingtodowiththeirlivesandwhR.St udentswithsuchaperspectiveare
27、usuallRthemosteffectiveandmotivatedonesandtakingaR earoffmaRbethebestwaRtogainthis.4- GBSomepeoplebelievethatchildrenshouldbeallowedtostaRathomeandplaRuntil theRaresiRorsevenRearsold.OthersbelievethatitisimportantforRoungchildrentog otoschoolassoonaspossible.WhatdoRouthinkaretheadvantagesofattending
28、schoolf romaRoungage?InmanRplacestodaR,childrenstartprimarRschoolataroundtheageofsiRorseven.However ,becauseitismorelikelRnowthatbothparentswork,thereislittleopportunitRforchildrentost aRintheirownhomeuptothatage.Instead,theRwillprobablRgotoanurserRschoolwhenthe RaremuchRounger.Whilesomepeoplethinkt
29、hismaRbedamagingtocahild desvelopment,ortoachild relsation shipwithhisorherparents,infacttherearemanRadvantagestohavingschooleRperienceata Roungage.FirstlR,achildwilllearntointeractwithalotofdifferentpeopleandsomechildrenlearntocom municateverRearlRbecauseofthis.TheRaregenerallRmoreconfidentandindep
30、endenttha nchildrenwhostaRathomewiththeirparentsandwhoarenotusedtostrangersornewsituation s.SuchchildrenfindtheirfirstdaRatschoolattheageofsiRverRfrighteningandthismaRhave anegativeeffectonhowtheRlearn.AnotheradvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlRageisthatchildrendevelopfastersociallR.Th eRmakefriendsand
31、learnhowtogetonwithotherchildrenofasimilarage.Thisisoftennotposs ibleathomebecausetheRaretheonlRchild,orbecausetheirbrothersorsistersareolderorRou nger.Sooverall,Ibelievethat,attendingschoolfromaRoungageisgoodformostchildren.TheRstil lspendplentRoftimeathomewiththeirparents,sotheRcanbenefitfrombothe
32、nvironments.6- 2SuccessfulsportsprofessionalscanearnagreatdealmoremoneRthanpeopleinothe rimportantprofessions.SomepeoplethinkthisisfullRjustifiedwhileothersthinkitisu nfair.DiscussboththeseviewsandgiveRourownopinion.Asaresultofconstantmediaattention,sportsprofessionalsinmRcountrRhavebecomestarsa ndc
33、elebrities,andthoseatthetoparepaidhugesalaries.Justlikemoviestars,theRliveeRtrava gantlifestRleswithhugehousesandcars.f fairnesisnottheissue.Thosewhofeelthatsportsstasrsalariesarejustifiedmightarguethatthenumberofprofession alswithrealtalentisverRfew,andthemoneRisarecognitionoftheskillsanddedication
34、aperso nneedstobesuccessful.CompetitionisconstantandaplaReristestedeverRtimetheRperfor mintheirrelativeshortcareer.ThepressurefromthemediaisintenseandthereislittleprivacR outofthespotlight.SoallofthesefactorsmaRjustifRthehugeearnings.PersonallR,IthinkthattheamountofmoneRsuchsportsstarsmakeismorejust
35、ifiedthantheh ugeearningsofmoviestars,butatthesametime,itindicatesthatoursocietRplacesmorevalue onsportthatonmoreessentialprofessionsandachievements.6-4Somepeopleprefertospendtheirlivesdoingthesamethingsandavoidingchange.Ot hers,however,thinkthatchangeisalwaRsagoodthing.Discussboththeseviewsandgive
36、Rourownopinion.OverthelasthalfcenturRthepaceofchangeinthelifeofhumanbeingshasincreasedbeRondo urwildesteRpectations.ThishasbeendrivenbRtechnologicalandscientificbreakthroughst hatarechangingthewholewaRweviewtheworldonanalmostdailRbasis.Thismeansthatcha ngeisnotalwaRsapersonaloption,butaninescapablef
37、actoflife,andweneedtoconstantlRad apttokeeppacewithit.ThosepeoplewhobelievetheRhaveachievedsomesecuritRbRdoingthesame,familiarthin gsarelivingindenial.EvenwhenpeoplebelievetheRareresistingchangethemselves,theRca nnotstoptheworldaroundthemfromchanging.Soonerorlater,theRwillfindthatthefamiliarj obsnol
38、ongereRist,orthatthe“ safepa”tternsofbehaviorarenolongerappropriate. However,reachingtheconclusionthatchangeisinevitableisnotthesameasassumingt“hact h angeisalwaRsforthebetter U”n.fortunatelR,itisnotalwaRsthecasethatnewthingsareprom otedbecausetheRhavegoodimpactsforthemajoritRofpeople.Alotofinnovati
39、onsaremade withtheaimofmakingmoneRforafew.Thisisbecauseitistherichandpowerfulpeopleinours ocietRwhoareabletoimposechanges(suchasinworkingconditionsorpropertRdevelopme nts)thatareintheirowninterests.Inconclusion,IwouldsaRthatchangecanbestimulatingandenergizingforindividualswhen theRpursueitthemselves
40、,butthatallchange,includingthatwhichisimposedonpeople,does notnecessarilRhavegoodoutcomes.3- 3InmanRcountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeoplerega rdthisascompletelRwrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkeRperienceimpor tantforlearningandtakingresponsibilitR.WhatareRouropinionsonth
41、is? TheissueofchildrendoingpaidworkisacompleRandsensitiveone.ItisdifficulttosaRwhoha stherighttojudgewhetherchildrenworkingiswrongorvaluable.Opinionswillalsodifferast olearningbenefits:nodoubtteachersandfactorRowners,foreRample,wouldhavevarRingc oncerns.Animportantconsiderationisthekindofworkunderta
42、ken.Roungchildrendoingarduousand repetitivetasksonafactorRproductionline,foreRample,arelesslikelRtobelearningthanold erchildrenhelpinginanoldpeople hosme.TherearehealthandsafetRissuestobeconsidered aswell.ItisanunfortunatefactthatmanRemploRersmaRprefertousetheservicesofchildren simplRtosavemoneRbRpa
43、RingthemlessthanadultsanditisthistRpeofeRploitationthatsh ouldbediscouraged.However,inmanRcountrieschildrenworkbecausetheirfamiliesneedtheadditionalincome, nomatterhowsmall.ThiswascertainlRthecaseinthepastinmanRindustrializedcountries,a nditisverRdifficulttojudgethatitiswrongforchildrentodaRtocontri
44、butetothefamilRincom einthiswaR.Nevertheless,inbettereconomiccircumstances,fewparentswouldchoosetosendtheirchild renouttofull-timepaidwork.IfleaningresponsibilitiesandworkeRperienceareconsideredt obeimportant,thenchildrencanacquirethesebRhavinglight,part-timejobsorevendoingtas kssuchashelpingtheirpa
45、rentsaroundthefamilRhome,whichareunpaid,butundoubtedlRof valueinchildren devselopment.4- 2HappinessisconsideredverRimportantinlife.WhRisitdifficulttodefine?Whatfac torsareimportantinachievinghappiness?HappinessisverRdifficulttodefine,becauseitmeanssomanRdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Whilesomepeop
46、lelinkhappinesstowealthandmaterialsuccess,othersthinkitliesinemotionsandlovingpersonalrelationships.Retothersthinkthatspiritualpaths,ratherthaneithert hematerialworldorrelationshipswithpeople,aretheonlRwaRtotruehappiness. BecausepeopleinterprethappinessforthemselvesinsomanRdifferentwaRs,itisdifficul
47、ttog iveanRdefinitionthatistrueforeverRone.However,ifthereareanRdifferentkindsofhappine ssfordifferentindividualsthenthefirststepinachievingitwouldbetohaveadegreeofself-kno wledge.Apersonneedstoknowwhoheorsheisbeforebeingabletoknowwhatitisthatmakesh imorherhappR.Ofcourse,factorssuchaslovingrelations
48、hips,goodhealth,theskillstoearnalivingandapeac efulenvironmentallcontributetoourhappinesstoo.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplewithou ttheseconditionscannotbehappR.Overall,IthinkanabilitRtokeepclearperspectivesinlifeisamoreessentialfactorinachieving happiness.BRthatImeananabilitRtohaveaclearsenseofwhatisi
49、mportantinourlives(thewe lfareofourfamilies,thequalitRofourrelationships,makingotherpeoplehappR,etc.)andwha tisnot(aproblematwork,gettingannoRedabouttrivialthings,etc.)Likeself-awareness,thisisalsoverRdifficulttoachieve,butIthinkthesearethetwofactorstha tmaRbethemostimportantforachievinghappiness.4-
50、4InmanRcountriesschoolshavesevereproblemswithstudenbteshavior.WhatdoR outhinkarethecausesofthis?WhatsolutionscanRousuggest?PoorstudentbehaviorseemstobeanincreasinglRwidespreadproblemandIthinkthatmoder nlifestRlesareprobablRresponsibleforthis.InmanRcountries,thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesares
51、mallerwithfewerchildren. Thesechildrenareoftenspoilt,notintermsofloveandattentionbecauseworkingparentsdono thavethetimeforthis,butinmorematerialwaRs.TheRareallowedtohavewhatevertheRwan t,regardlessofprice,andtobehaveastheRplease.Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithou tconsiderationforothersandwithouta
52、nRunderstandingofwheretheirstandardoflivingcom esfrom.WhentheRgettoschoolagetheRhavenotlearntanRselfcontrolordiscipline.TheRhavelessr espectfortheirteachersandrefusetoobeRschoolrulesinthewaRthattheirparentsdid. TeacherscontinuallRcomplainaboutthisproblemandmeasuresshouldbetakentocombatth esituation.
53、ButIthinkthesolutiontotheproblemliesinwiththefamilies,whoneedtobemorea wareofthefutureconsequencesofspoilingtheirchildren.IftheRcouldraisethemtobeconsid erateofothersandtobesocial,responsibleindividuals,thewholecommunitRwouldbenefit.Perhapsparentingclassesareneededtohelpthemtodothis,andhighqualitRnu
54、rserRschoolsc ouldbeestablishedthatwouldsupportfamiliesmoreintermsofraisingtheneRtgeneration.T hegovernmentshouldfundthiskindofparentalsupport,becausethisisnolongeraproblemfor individualfamilies,butforsocietRasawhole.5- GBNowadaRsweareproducingmoreandmorerubbish.WhRdoRouthinkthishapp ening?Whatcango
55、vernmentsdotohelpreducetheamountofrubbishproduced? IthinkitistruethatinalmosteverRcountrRtodaReachhouseholdandfamilRproducesalarge 优质参考文档amountofwasteeverRweek.Mostofthisrubbishcomesfromthepackagingfromthethingsw ebuR,suchasprocessedfood.ButevenifwebuRfreshfoodwithoutpackaging,westillproduc erubbishfromtheplasticbagsusedeverRwheretocarrRshoppinghome. ThereasonwhRwehavesomuchpackagingisthatweconsumesomuchmoreonadailRbasist hanfamiliesdidinthepast.ConvenienceisalsoverRimportantinmodernlife,sowebuRpacka gedorcannedfoodthatcanbe
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