Unit-02-素材文档

1、College En glish Creative Readi ng 3跨文化交际英语阅读教程 3Unit 2 Using In formati on Found on the WebCJ+1Note on the TopicLear ning Objectives1. Be aware of the imp orta nee of checki ng the in formati on we gather;2. Lear n differe nt ways of structuri ng a p assage.Before You ReadI.Watch the followi ng vid

2、eo and discuss the followi ng questi ons with a partner.EVALLATINiG INFORMATION ON THE WEB2.Discuss the followi ng questi ons with a partner.2.1 According to the video, why aren pteople recommended to use in formati on from the Web?Because anyone can create content and publish it to the Web, so the

3、content s credibility, reliability and intent should be questioned2.2 How to evaluate resources from the Web?CRAAPis suggested to evaluate resources. It sta nds for the resources curre ncy, releva nee, authority, accuracy and purp ose.2.3 What s a better way to cite sources accord ing to the vidfeoU

4、se library databases to find in formatio n.2.4 How often do you use information from the Web in your research pap ers? And why?An swers will vary to this questi on. A sam pie an swer could be:I almost use information from the Web in all my research papers, because it s very convenient and easy to fi

5、nd various information on theWeb. Or, I seldom use in formati on from the Web in my research papers since it is not that credible and reliable.2.5Have you ever evaluated the Web resources? If yes, how? If no, will you follow the methods in the video to evaluate the Web resources hereafter?An swers w

6、ill vary to this questi on. A sam pie an swer could be:No, I haven B ut I will start to evaluate the information because research papers should be very academic and reliable.Read ing AChecking Is RelievingThe Web is being expan ded all the time and is able to supply an almost limitless amount of inf

7、ormation on most subjects. Apart from offeri ng a great deal of i nformatio n, the Web is also fast and convenient to use. Today we have many different devices which are capable of connecting to the Internet and displaying information, even when you are on the move. The Web, then, can provide a conv

8、enient means of accessinginformation and has become greatly valued by students. If a student has Internet access, then there is no need for him/her to go to a library to search for information. This not only saves a great deal of time but also eliminates transportation costs. It is probably true to

9、say that students have more time than many working people to browse the Web, and they have the added motivation that information found on it may be able to help them complete assignments.Background Information:The Text: Checking Is BelievingThe text basically advises students to check the informatio

10、n they find on the Web for its quality, otherwise they may be misled into using wrong or inadequate information. The argument of the text may be easier to see as a flow chart. The following chart shows the structure of the “ final ” text after students have completeDdetvheloping Your Skills section.

11、 As a key visual, this can be used to illustrate the overall argument of the text. It can also be used for a revision activity by getting students to verbalize the main ideas (using the key visual only and notlooki ng at the text).参考译文:验证为实网络随时在拓展，它几乎可以给大多数学科提供无限量的信息。除了提供大量信息之外，网络使用起来也方便快捷。如今，我们拥有 很

12、多设备它们可以联网并展示信息， 即使当你在赶路时也是如此。因 此，网络可以提供一个获取信息的方便途径， 而且网络已经受到了学生们的极力推崇。如果一位学生有条件上网，那么他/她就没有必要去图书馆查找资料。这样不仅节省了大量的时间也省去了交通费。 几 乎可以这样说，学生们比上班族有更多的时间浏览网页， 网络上提供 的信息有助于他们完成学习任务，这一点成了他们上网的额外动机。Read ing _BThis freedom is, of course, in sharp contrast to traditional media.Publishing companies, for example, c

13、an be very selective about their authors. Such companies have high sta ndards and will on ly p ublish a book if the author is well qualified and exp erie need in the subject area.Publishers get other experts to review a book before it is printed and further improvements to the book are made by edito

14、rs and book designers empioyed by the publishing companies. Editors frequently make suggesti ons to make the book Ion ger or shorter and to improve the author use of Ianguage to make the writing clearer and more easily comprehensible to readers. Designers handle the layout of a book, in cludi ng the

15、 cover, p hotogra phs and other grap hics and eve n the font type and style of the text.Key Words: review: the p rocess of study ing or exam ining a situati on, p olicy or idea aga in in order to decide whether it is satisfactory or suitable comp rehe nsible: able to be un derstood参考译文:网络提供的这种自由和传统的

16、媒介相比当然有着明显的区别。例 如，出版公司会慎重选择作者。这样的公司要求很高，所以只有当作者在某一领域很有资历和经验时，才会出版他的书。在一本书出版前, 出版商会请一些别的专家对该书加以评论，而且公司聘请的编辑和设 计人员会对该书做进一步的改善。 编辑们通常给出建议，将一本书改 长或者缩短，还会改善作者的语言以使作品更清晰、 更容易让读者读 懂。设计人员则处理书的版面问题，包括封面、照片和其他图形类的 东西，甚至还包括字体以及文本的风格。Read ing CFew such restricti ons apply to the Web. It is an un regulated mediu

17、m at every level. There are no bosses decidi ng who will get p ublished, no reviewers to check the reliability of i nformatio n, no editors or desig ners to improve the way it is writte n or p rese nted and few en forceable laws or gover nment regulati ons to check the acce ptability of the in forma

18、ti on or to make authors accountable for their material. The Web therefore lacks the quality assura nee con trols which op erate in most media and which help the p ublic to trust what they view, read and hear. The results of this lack of quality con trol are easy to see. The Web is littered with sit

19、es which would be illegal if pr ese nted by the more traditi onal media.The Web allows people to publish their opinions, even if these are unfoun ded and use discrimi natio n.Key Word: discrim in ati on: un fair treatme nt of some one because of their religio n, race, or other personal features参考译文:

20、然而这样的限制很少应用于网络。网络从各个层面上来说都是不 受控制的媒介，没有老板决定谁的书将会出版，没有评论家去验证信 息的可靠程度，没有编辑或者设计人员去改进书的原样， 也很少有法 律或政府规定去验证信息的可接受性或者要求作者对他们的资料能 够做出解释。因此，网络缺少大多数媒体都具备的质量保证，这种质量保证有助于广大读者相信他们的所见、所读以及所闻。这一缺陷造 成的结果是显而易见的。网络上随处可见一些网站，这些网站的内容 如果用传统媒介呈现出来则会被认为是非法的。 网络允许人们发布观 点，就算这些观点毫无根据或带有歧视。Read ing _DTV, video and radio compa

21、nies work under evenstricter regulations than publishing companies. The law controls the content of their programmes in order to limit the amount of bias (sexual, racial and p olitical) liste ners and viewers are exp osed to. Strict legal limitati ons are also placed on the amount of sex and violene

22、e in programmes. TheIan guage used in such pr ogrammes is also carefully con trolled so that the audie nee is not offen ded by excessive bad Ian guage. Where doubt exists about a programme, the company responsible for broadcasting the p rogramme will get lawyers to check that the content and Ian gua

23、ge used in the film do n ot break any laws.Key Words: strict: hav ing defi nite rules that people are exp ected to obey compi etely bias: an attitude that you have that makes you treat some one in a way that is un fair or differe nt from the way you treat other people参考译文:影视和广播公司比出版公司具有更加严格的规定。 为了限制

24、它们 暴露给听众和观众的（色情的、种族的和政治的）偏见的数量，法律控 制着它们节目的内容。严格的法律限制也对节目中色情和暴力的数量 进行控制。为了让听众和观众不受到脏话的冒犯， 这类节目中的语言 也被严格控制。当对一个节目存在疑问时，负责播放该节目的公司往 往会请律师核查节目中的内容和语言有没有触犯法律。Read ing _EIt is clear, the n, that stude nts who wish to use the Web as a source of information to help them complete assignments will need to be

25、cautious about using material found on it. It is important to check whether a site has been created and registered by a recognized body such as a uni versity or a p ublisher or whether it has bee n created by an in dividual, i.e. a p rivate Net acc ount holder. Look for the orga ni zati on logo or a

26、 structure chart show ing its various dep artme nts and offices, its missi on stateme nt, and also for some in formatio n on its history and its plans for the future. In other words, check for the features that you would expect to find on an official and pro fessi on ally p roduced website.参考译文:那么，很

27、明显，想要把网络当作信息来源去完成学习任务的学生 在使用从网络上搜寻到的资料时就需要小心谨慎。 很重要的一点就是 要核查一个网站是由权威机构（如大学或者出版商）登记创办的，还是 由某个个人，即某个私人网络账户持有者创办的。 同时要查一下该组 织的标志或者标明其不同部门和办公室以及任务说明的机构结构表, 也要寻找有关它的历史以及未来计划的信息。 换句话说，要查询一个 专业的官方网站所具有的那些特征。Read ing _FThis is not to say that sites p roduced by in dividuals are all un reliablefar from it so

28、me are excellent. Some very highly respected pro fessors and authors of academic textbooks have their own websites and these are valuable and trustworthy sources of i nformatio n. But if an author of a website fails to pro vide a mea ns for browsers to make con tact or has forgotte n to put up his/h

29、er affiliati ons and some biodata givi ng their qualificati ons and exp erie nee, the n he or she is just ask ing to be treated with sus pici on.参考译文:这并不是说个人创办的网站都不可信， 远非如此，有些个人网站 是很不错的。一些德高望重的教授和学术教科书的作者拥有他们自己 的网站，这些网站是很有价值的，它们提供的资料是值得相信的。但 是，如果一个网站的作者没有能够把他/她的联系方式提供给浏览者, 或者忘了给出证明其资历的个人资料，那么他 /她就会受

30、到怀疑。Read ing _GBiodata, information on the qualifications and experienee of an author, is very hel pful for stude nts check ing the reliability of a site. Look at the author affiliations and career record. Look carefully, too, at his/her qualifications, research record and publications. Then ask you

31、rself questi ons: which uni versity does he or she curre ntly work in and for how long? Is the university recognized and respected? Does the author have a substa ntial nu mber of years of exp erie nee in the subject area? Does the author have a PhD (some excelle nt researchers don nevertheless posse

32、ssion of a doctorate is an encouraging sign when we re checking person s credibility)? Has the author been invoIved in research projects and has he/she published articles in journals and academic books with repu table p ublishers? Be critical and ask questi ons.参考译文:个人资料，即关于一位作者资历的信息，对学生们核查一个网站 的可靠性

33、非常有帮助。看一看作者为谁工作以及他 /她的职业记录,也仔细查看一下他/她的资格证书、研究记录和出版物，然后想一想F面的问题：目前他/她就职于哪所大学？将工作多长时间？这所大学有名望吗？该作者在这一学科领域是否有足够长时间的经验？此 人获得了博士学位吗（有些优秀的研究人员没有博士学位，但是拥有博士学位在我们考查一个人的可信度时仍是一个让人放心的标志）？该作者是否参与了一些研究项目？有没有在杂志上发表过文章？是 否与知名的出版商出版过学术书籍？要善于批评和提出疑问。Read ing _HStude nts may find that no email address is give n on a

34、 site. If this is the case, carry out n ame searches via on li ne catalogues of p ublicati ons to try to find out whether the author is recog ni zed or p ublished in the subject area you are in terested in. If an email address is pro vided, look at it carefully. Does it app ear to be a personal rath

35、er tha n orga ni zati onal address? If you are still in doubt, you could email the author of the p ages directly and ask them about their work. But do this p olitely so that he orshe provides evidenee of possessing appropriate qualifications and experienee to write with authority on the topic in que

36、stion. Show in terest in the topic this may eve n help you to start a very usefulcirknowrefesorki ng!corres pondence with the author. You can the n start buildi ng up a list of con tacts and start your career in what参考译文:学生们有时可能会发现一个网站上没有电子邮件地址。 如果是这 样，通过在线出版物目录查找该作者的名字， 看他是否出名或者是否 在你感兴趣的学科领域发表过什么作品

37、。如果有电子邮件地址，仔细看。它看上去是不是像一个个人信箱而不是集体信箱呢？如果你仍有疑虑，你可以直接给该网页的作者发电子邮件询问有关他们工 作的事宜。但是，这样做时要有礼貌，要让他证明他具备写有关这个 主题的权威性文章的资格。要表现出对这一话题的兴趣，这样会有助 于你和该作者的通信往来。然后你可以列出一份联系表，在建立电子 网络关系中开始大显身手。Read ingAno ther way you can check Web in formatio n is to exam ine carefully the docume nt itself. Carry out the exam in at

38、io n very carefully and look for the conventions academic authors follow when they write.Conventions include the use of up-to-date references to other authors and bibliogra phies for the convenience of i nterested readers. Academic writers also use foot no tes or endno tes to add detail to what they

39、 have writte n. The tone of their writi ng is likely to be objective and impersonal and the style is likely to be quite formal. Finally, respectable Web contributors will show that they know a great deal of background information on a topic and will also show familiarity with modern research methods

40、 in their fields of study.参考译文:另一个检查网络信息的方法是仔细检查文件本身。 仔细检查和寻 找学术作者写作时遵循的惯例。这些惯例包括使用其他作者的最新资 料，也包括为感兴趣的读者提供方便的参考文献。 学术作者也使用脚 注或尾注来为自己所写的内容增添细节。 他们作品的语气很可能是客 观的、非个人的，写作风格可能很正式。最后，值得尊敬的网络贡献 者会显得对某个话题的背景知识非常了解， 也会显得对他们学习领域 的现代研究方法非常熟悉。Read ing JThe Web has pro vided all of us with limitless, convenient

41、and chea p access to vast amounts of in formatio n but the quality and reliability of the in formati on must be checked and this mea ns that the stude nt n eeds to be his or her own quality con trol mecha nism.参考译文：网络为我们提供了无限、方便、廉价的途径以获取大量信息，但 是信息的质量和可靠性应该得到核查。 也就是说， 学生们需要自己当 自己的质量监控师。Reading-Unders

42、tanding the TextPart A: True or FalseIndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.Correct any false statements in the box provided.F1. One reason students like using the Web is that it helps them to buy things in a convenient way.Students like using the Web because it saves the

43、m time and money as they do not need to go to a library for the informationT2. Publishing on the Web is easier than publishing in the more traditional media.F3. In using material found on the Web for academic purposes, you need to be prepared to take risks.There are risks in using information from t

44、he Web, but you should make every effort to minimize the risks check very carefully who is responsible for the information and whether or not you feel they are qualified to be used as a reliable source.T4. You should be suspicious of a website which offers no contact details.T5. You are the Web s qu

45、ality control mech.anismPart B: Identifying Main PointsEach of the ten statements below contains information given in one of the sections in the text. Each section is marked with a letter. Identify the section from which the information is derived. More than one statement may refer to the same secti

46、on.F1. Some websites created by individuals are reliable.H2. A polite email to the author of pages found on the Web will help to establish if he or she is qualified to write the material.A3. Students have the opportunity to refer to the Web more frequently than most working people.D4. Lawyers check

47、the language used in films and TV programmes to make sure it is legal.A5. The Web has removed the travel costs that are involved in a visit to a library.B6. Traditional publishers employ a range of specialists to ensure that the quality of their publications is high.C7. The Web is a largely unrestri

48、cted medium. 8. Certain features can help a Web user determine whether a site bel ongs to an orga ni zati on. 9. It is a good idea to check the crede ntials of an in dividual writer of material p laced on the Web. 10. Havi ng a PhD in creases the cha nces that an author is reliable.Part C: Selecti n

49、g Best ChoicesThe p aragra ph on P age 29 has bee n take n from the text but in cludes ten bla nks. You are required to select one word or exp ressi on for each bla nk from a list of words in the word bank pro vided. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more tha n once.Word BankA) an al

50、yzeF) en gaged inK) quicklyB) at the p rese nt timeG) harmfulL) thoroughlyC) conn ecti onsH) in deedM) trustworth in essD) des pite thisI) pathN) usefulE) discer ningJ) pro fessi onalO) well regardedBiodata, in formatio n on the qualificati ons and exp erie nee of an author, isvery N for stude nts c

51、heck ing the reliability of a site. Look at theauthorsCand career.Looktoo, at his/her qualificati ons, research record and p ublicati ons. Then askyourself questi ons: which uni versity doesheor shework in and for how long?Word BankA) an alyzeG) harmfulM) trustworth in essD) des pite thisH) in deedO

52、) well regardedE) discerni ngJ) pro fessi onalF) en gaged inK) quickly? Does the author haveIs the uni versity recog ni zed and a substa ntial nu mber of years of exp erie nee in the subject area? Doesa re check in；the author have a PhD (some researchers don butpo ssessi on of a doctorate is an en c

53、ourag ing sig n whe n wep ersons M)? Has the author beeninand askresearch projects and has he/she published articles in journals and academic books with repu table p ublishers? Be questi ons.Part D: Interp reti ng the TextIden tify the best an swers to the questi ons below.1. The author wrote the te

54、xt to . in form warn persuadeentertain2. The author wrote the text for .teachers the publicprofessorsstudents3. The author atstitude to information found on the Web can best be described as .cautious disbelievingtrustingenthusiastic4. The type of writing in the text may best be described as .cause a

55、nd effectdiscussion and advicecomparing and contrastingclassificationDeveloping Your SkillsPart A: Structure of a Passage (Sequencing Information)The flow chart below shows the process you should undertake whenchecking information found on the Web. However, the steps in thep rocess are n ot in the c

56、orrect order. Put them in the correct order by writi ng 1, 2, 3, etc. in the boxes. Use Secti ons G and H in the text to help you.Part B: Structure of a Passage (P aragra ph In serti on)The paragraph below was cut from the text in the editing process by mistake. Put it back in the text by drawing an

57、 arrow in the left-hand margin of the text to show where the p aragra ph should go.However, just as anyone with a laptop can access the Web, so anyone with a laptop can con tribute to the in formati on on the Web; that is, anyone can use the Web to p ublish his or her own material. The Web makes it po ssible for anyone to develop their own personal website or post information on a particular topic and reach a potentially huge audienee. This freedom to con tribute to it makes the Web by far the most democratic medium in the world.