(完整版)广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全,推荐文档

1、名词&代词u mary and lindas bookmarys and lindas books.u 人名+s=某人的店铺，家庭，学校等地点。i usually buy some meat at the johnsons. they took part in the birthday party at toms.u of 所有格名词词组第二次出现时，用 that/those 代替。the population of new york is greater than that of chicago. it seems that the students of usa are more acti

2、ve than those of china.用砖头建的房子比用木头建的结实。真题回顾1. i respect oprahs opinion, but i would also like her to respect.a. my ownb. mines c. mine d. me2. is a great pity that there are some disagreements in the school board meeting.a. thatb. thisc. itd. there3. we like our english teacher because she often tel

3、ls funny stories in class. a. us b. ourc. wed. ours4. there are 40 teachers in this school , ten of whom are .a. man teachersb. men teacherc. man teacherd. men teachers练习1、i dont knowstanding over there.a. the girls nameb. the names girlc. the name of the girld. the names of girl2. todays libraries

4、differ great from.a. the pastb. those of the pastc. that are pastd. those past3. the police investigate theabout the bank robbery.a.stander-byb. standers-byc. stander-bysd.standers- bys主谓一致两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用 and 连接，谓语用复数tom and dickare(be) good friends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。a singer and dancerwas(be) present

5、 at the party. the worker and writeris_ (be) talking to the students.2. 用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰， 则谓语动词用单数。no bird and no beastis(be) seen in the bare island. many a boy and many a girlhas(have) made such a funny experiment.at christmas each boy and each girlis(be) given a present.

6、3. 两个主语由 not onlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致either he or iam(be) to go there. are(be) either you or he going to attend the meeting?4. 主 语 后 有 as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致a professor, together with some students, was (be) sent to

7、 help in the work.no one but the teachers is (be) allowed to use the room. 5一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数如 audience, committee，class, crew, family, government, public等.但 people, police 等只能用复数my familyis(be) a big family.my familyare_ (be) listening to the radio. the policeare(be) trying

8、to catch the thief.6. 表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数。five minutesis(be) enough.one dollar and seventy eight cents _ is _ (be) what she has.7. all作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。all that i wantis(be) a good dictionary. allwere/are(be) silent.人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。allwere/are(be) out of danger.8. 形

9、容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。what a life the poorwere(be) living!the young _ are(be) happy to give their seats to the old. 9who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。l those who want to go should sign your names here.l he is one of the students who have passed the exam.l he is the only one of the students w

10、ho has passed the exam.10. 以-ics 结尾的学科名称通常作单数. physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)等11. 还有一些以-s 接的单、复数同形的名词，如: headquarters(总部), means(方法、手段), series(系列), species(种类), works(工厂)等， 随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。a headquarters was set up to direct th

11、e operation (指挥作战). the only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms (诉诸武力).12. 如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依 of-词组中名词类别而定。over sixty percent of the citywas(be) destroyed in the war.thirty-five percent of the doctorswere(be)women. 13.如果主语是 all of .,some of .,none of .,half of .,most of

12、. 等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依 of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如：most of the moneywasrecovered by deputy player. most of the memberswerethere.all of the cargowaslost. all of the crewweresaved.14. 如果主语是由“a kind/sort/type of ,this kind/sort/type of +名词”构成，动词用单数。this kind of man annoys me.但若在 kind/sort/type 之前的限定词是 these/tho

13、se,同时，of-词组中的名词又是复数，则动词用复数：these kinds of men annoy me.those types/sorts of machines are up to date (最新的，最近的， 现代的).15. 1)由 who, why, how, whether 等 wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。who will be chosen to the beijing is not decided.2).两个由 and 连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例如：what caused the accident and wh

14、o was responsible for itremain a mystery to us.真题回顾1. the educator and scholarfrom shanghai. （2003 年真题）a. comeb. comesc. is comingd. are coming2. many arealized that this doesnt make any sense.（2003 年真题）a. persons hasb. persons havec. person hasd. person have3. what they saidus much to think about.

15、（2004 年 真题）a. have leftb. has leftc. is leftd. are left4. a doctor, along with a group of young nurses,going to demonstrate the heart operation process. （2005 年真题）a. isb. arec. willd. shall5. neither of the employees nor the bosssatisfied with the profits. （2006 年真题）a. wereb. wasc. bed. been6. the c

16、omputer, working very fast,data at the speed of light. （2007 年真题）a. handlesb. handlingc. handledd. has handled7. in the fall the cattlefrom the high country back down to the farm. （2008 年真题）a. is drivenb. are drivenc. drivesd. drive8. when and where to hold the meetingnot decided yet. （2010 年真题）a. i

17、sb. arec. hasd. have9. aftercarefulinvestigationwefindthatoneofthe statementsto be untrue.a. is turned outb. have been turned outc. has turned outd. have turned out10. how close parents are to their childrena strong influence on the character of their children. （2012 年真题）a. haveb. hasc. havingd. had

18、冠词1. the +adj.the unemployedthe poor/rich the questioned the struggledthe disadvantaged the injuredthe injured were taken to hospital for treatment.the old the youngthe disadvantaged, including the disabled and the elderlyneed more care and support from the society.2. 零冠词的使用专有名词： tiananmen square节假日

19、:new years day, may day, christmas, april fools day(中秋，端午例外)杂志： news week, times, readers digest一年四季:spring, summer, fall/autumn, winter3. 固定搭配及与冠词有关的表达 使用定冠词的表达by the way in the endin the face of in the futurein the world 究竟，到底in the least 丝毫，一点i dont think you need to worry in the least.我认为你一点都不用担

20、心。on the averageon the contraryon the one hand, on the other hand on the spot 当场，在现场on the whole 总的来说the day before yesterday for the time beingat the cost of 以。为代价moreandmorecountriesaredevelopingtheir industries at the cost of environment.to the extent of 到。程度tell the truthl 使用不定冠词的表达as a matter o

21、f fact, as a rule, have a chance, have a good time, have a say, have a try, keep an eye on, on a large scale, in a hurry, take a walk, take an interest inl 不使用冠词的表达at noon/night/dawn, in front of, at bottom, in order, in public/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/in fashion, in fact, at hand, at la

22、st, at present, day and night, on top of, take part in, take place真题回顾1 、 the mother asked the boys to puteverything in order before they left the room.(10)a. the, ab. an, the c. /,ad./,/连词一、连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分，而只能起连接作用连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。例如：would you like some tea or coffee ?（连接词与词）您是喝茶，还是喝咖啡 ？

23、do we have our meeting in the morning or in the afternoon ?（连接短语与短语）我们是上午开会，还是下午开会？do it carefully, or youll make some mistake.（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错的。一、连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分，而只能起连接作用连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。例如：would you like some tea or coffee ?（连接词与词）您是喝茶，还是喝咖啡 ？do we have our meeting in the morning or

24、 in the afternoon ?（连接短语与短语）我们是上午开会，还是下午开会？do it carefully, or youll make some mistake.（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错的。二、连词主要可分成两类：并列连词:用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的词、词组、或分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：1）表示转折意思but , yet , however , nevertheless 2）表示因果关系for , so , therefore , hence 3）表示并列关系and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut

25、 (also) , bothand , as well as从属连词:是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说， 从属连词主要引起名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和状语从句，不会引起定语从句。1. 引起名词从句的连词：that , whether , if2. 引起状语从句的连词：1） 时间状语从句：when , whenever , as , while, before , after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, instantly,

26、directly2） 地点状语从句：where , wherever3） 原因状语从句：as, because, since, seeing (that) , considering (that) , now that , not thatbut that4） 目的状语从句：that , so that , in order that , lest , for fear that , in case5） 结果状语从句：that,sothat,suchthat 6）条件状语从句：if , unless , so/as long as,so far as,on condition (that )

27、,provided ( that )7） 让步状语从句：though , although , no matter , even if , even though , however , whatever8） 比较状语从句：than,as 9）方式状语从句：as , as if , as though 真题回顾1、we stored up some food and waterthings got worse.a.even thoughb. what if c.now thatd. in case2. we should learn from this lesson and consider

28、the long-terminfluence of damsthe short-term benefits.a、rather thanb. owing toc. because ofd. or else3. her hair was golden when she was a child, but it went darker she grew up.a. ifb. asc. sinced. even4. call the university operator,you will find the phone number of professor smith.a. so b. andc. w

29、hend. before5. its good performance, the machine is too expensive.a. besides b. except forc. in spite of d.apart from6. you may write an e-mail to me or just phone me.will do.a. eachb. eitherc. neitherd. none7. -do you like pop music or country music?-. i only like sports.a. eachb. eitherc. neither

30、d. both8. it was already ten oclock in the eveningwe arrived at the hotel.a. sinceb. whilec. thatd. when9. a change of weather, please take the coat with you.a. because ofb. in spite ofc. in case ofd. but for写作写作中常用的过渡词可以分为以下几类：（1） 表并列关系的过渡词：and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not onlybut also,

31、both and, either or, neithernor 等。（2） 表递进关系的过渡词：besides, in addition（加之，除之外）, moreover(此外，而且), whats more， whats worse 等。（3） 表转折对比的过渡词：but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, not onlybut also, the formerthe latt

32、er, the first whereas the second, on the one hand on the other hand, someothers 等。（4） 表原因的过渡词：because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to, for this reason, owing to, considering that, seeing that 等。（5） 表结果的过渡词：so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, hence, sothat, sucht

33、hat, accordingly 等。（6） 表条件的过渡词：if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as 等。（7） 表时间的过渡词：when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / ce

34、ntury, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment 等。（8） 表特定的顺序关系的过渡词：first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, firstof all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterwards（后来）, meanwhile（几乎

35、同时）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（终于）等。（9） 表换一种方式表达的过渡词：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way 等。（10） 表进行举例说明的过渡词：for instance, for example, take as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is 等。（11） 表陈述事实的过渡词：in fact, actually, as a matte

36、r of fact, to tell you the truth 等。（12） 表强调的过渡词：certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely 等。（13） 表比较、对比的过渡词：like, unlike, in the s

37、ame way, similarly, be similar to, on the contrary, by contrast, on one hand, on the other hand, otherwise 等。（14） 表目的的过渡词：for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。（15） 表总结的过渡词：in a word(总之，简言之), in general, in short(总之), generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion

38、in summary, on the whole 等。（16） 表增补的过渡词：in addition, furthermore, besides,moreover, whats more 等。数词一、基数词及其主要用法：表示数目的词称基数词。15fifteen 242two hundred and forty-two， 5058five thousand and fifty-eight，9,600,000 nine million six hundred thousand 1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。6+8=14 six plus eight is fourteen. 9-7=2nine

39、minus seven is two.7x5= 35 seven times five is thirty-five. 84=2 eight divided by four is two.2. 基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。he died in his fifties.this took place in 1990s/1990s.the professor became successful in his thirties.3. 基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。1700seventeen hundred 1814eighteen fourteen 9:20nine twenty11

40、:30eleven thirty/ half past eleven 5:45five forty-five/ a quarter to six 4基数词可以用于编号。number six, line 4, page 19, bus (no.) 332, platform (no.) 5, room 1015基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。a one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell. this eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words.(the baby is

41、eleven months old.)the teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework.(there are four thousand words in the essay.)this four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand.(there are four paragraphs in this essay. )二、序数词及其主要用法表示顺序的词称为序数词。如 first, second, third, fourth, n

42、inth, twenty-first, forty-fifth 等。序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。may the first / the first of may(5.1), august the eighth / the eighth of august(8.8), thetwentieth century, the twenty-first century序数词在句子中前面一般加 thethe first of october is our national day. she was the third to arrive.序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示再一又一。theyll have

43、 to do it a second time. shall i ask him a third time?when he sat down , a fourth man rose to ask.三、分数词的构成分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示； 若分子大于 1，分母需用复数。two-thirds(2/3),one-third (1/3),nine-tenths (9/10), (5/12)five-twelfths特殊表达法有：one half (1/2),a quarter (1/4), three quarters (3/4) 。考试重点:数词部分需特别注意 dozen, hun

44、dred, million, billion表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式；表示不具体的数字时，须用 dozens of, hundreds of 这类的结构。i want three dozeneggs/ of these. he has been there dozens of times.例 ： it is reported thatpeople in this area were saved in the storm.a. hundredb. hundred of c. hundreds ofd. somehundreds当数词与名词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中

45、的名词须用单数形式。the homework for the next period is to write a two- hundred-word composition about your hometown.mary is a eleven-year-old girl. (mary is eleven years old.)1. it isfrom my school to the railway station.a. two-hours walkb. two-hours walkc. two-hour walkd. a two-hour walk虚拟语气例句：1. 表示与现在事实相反i

46、f i had enough money now ， i would lend it to you.if i were you ， i would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.2. 表示与过去事实相反if he had taken your advice ， he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.she would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy.3. 表示与将来事实相反i would go shopping with

47、 you if it were to be sunday tomorrow. if he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more.考试可能会涉及：虚拟条件句的倒装为了强调语气，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉 if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：if i had been in that situation， i would not have let the thief escape away with so much mo

48、ney.had i been in that situation， i would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.should there be a drought， what should we do at that time？if there should be a drought， what should we do at that time ？虚拟条件句 中的一些含蓄表达有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：otherwise， without， but for）、上下文

49、或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例 如 ：but for the help from you ， i would not have had the chance to go to college.without many teachers advice, i could not have passed the examination so quickly.虚拟语气在从句中的运用u 在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。u 根据虚拟语气的形式不同，可以分为“should 类”和“过去时态类 ” 。一、should 类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使

50、用“should+动词原形”体现出来的，should 可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在 suggest ， order， demand ， propose，command， request， desire，insist 等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如： mike suggests that curie should leave the house at once. the leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible. jack proposed that we

51、 （should） deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与 suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist 等动词相对应的名词 suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如： the general sent the order that the battle（should） be held on until the complete failure of the e

52、nemy. my proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在 it is/was suggested （ordered ， demanded ， proposed， etc. ） 结构以及 necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural 等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：its requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the peoples pe

53、aceful life.it is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.虚拟语气在从句中的运用二、过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish ， would rather 后的宾语从句。he wished he had never been involved in such affairs. vivian wishes she could get the job soon

54、.i would rather you could teach me again.2. it is（about/high） time that句型it is time we went out for a walk.itwashightimetheyhadbeguntopreparethe experiment.it is about time we gave up searching for the missing dog.3. as if， as though 引导的从句。如：the little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. he

55、 acted as usual as though nothing had happened. 4.由 if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：if only i had passed the test ！if only it stopped raining！真题回顾 tom smith wished that his parentsin the stricken area when the earthquake occurred. a. were notb. are not c. have not beend. had not been the proposal that business companies guided by professionals for their new scheme of developments was accepted without disagreement. a. beb. are c. wasd. were professor wang said that he would rather his student janeto the conference. a. gob. wentc. goned. going if ia book on the habits of mice, id no