zigbee相关外文资料及翻译

1、The APL LayerThe application (APL) layer is the highest protocol layer in a ZigBee wireless network. The ZigBee APL layer consists of three sections, shown in Figure : the application support (APS) sublayer, ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO), and the application framework.The application support sublayer

2、(APS) provides an interface betweenthe network layer(NWK) and the applicationlayer(APL). The APSsublayer,similar to all lower layers, supports two types of services: data andmanagement. The APS data service is provided by APS Data Entity (APSDE)and isaccessedthroughtheAPSDE ServiceAccessPoint(SAP).T

3、hemanagementcapabilitiesare offeredby APSManagementEntity(APSME)andare accessed through APSME-SAP.The APSsublayer constants and attributes start with apsc and aps respectively. The APSattributes are contained in the APSInformation (APS IB or AIB). The list of APS constants and attributes is provided

4、 in the ZigBee specification 3.,BaseNetwork Theapplicationframework in ZigBee is the environmentin whichapplicationobjectsare hosted to controland managethe protocollayersin a ZigBee device. Application objects are developed by manufacturers,and thatiswhere a device is customized forvariousapplicati

5、ons.Therecan be up to 240 application objects in a single device.Theapplicationobjectsuse APSDE-SAPto send and receivedata betweenpeer applicationobjects( Figure ).Each applicationobjecthas a uniqueendpoint address (endpoint 1 to endpoint 240). The endpoint address ofzero is used for the ZDO. To bro

6、adcasta messageto allapplicationobjects,the endpoint address is set to 255. Endpoint addressing allows multipledevices to share the same radio. In the light control example multiple lights were connected to a single radio. Each light endpoint address and can be turned on and off independently.in Sec

7、tionhas a uniqueThe ZigBee Device Objects (ZDO) provide an interface between the APSsublayerandtheapplicationframework.TheZDO containsthefunctionalitiesthatare commonin allapplicationsoperatingon a ZigBeeprotocol stack. For example, it is the responsibility of the ZDO toconfigure the device in one o

8、f three possible logical types of ZigBeecoordinator,ZigBee router,or ZigBee end device.The ZDOuses primitivesto perform itsdutiesand accesses the APSsublayerManagementEntityviaAPSME-SAP. The application framework interacts with the ZDO through the ZDO public interface.Thedetailsofapplicationframewor

9、k,ZDO, and APS sublayerarereviewed in the following three subsections.TheApplication FrameworkTheZigBee standardofferstheoption touse application profiles in developing an application. The use of anapplicationprofileallowsfurtherinteroperabilitybetween theproductsdeveloped by differentvendorsfora sp

10、ecific application.Forinstance,in a light control scenario, if two vendors use the same applicationprofile to develop their products, the switches from one vendor will beable toturnon and turn offthelights manufacturedby theother vendor.The application profiles are also referred to as ZigBee profile

11、s.Each application profile is identified by a 16-bit value known as aprofileidentifier.OnlytheZigBeealliancecanissueprofileidentifiers.A vendor thathas developed a profilecan requesta profileidentifier from the ZigBee alliance. The ZigBee alliance evaluates the proposed application profile and if it

12、 meets the alliance guidelines, a profile identifier willbe issued. The application profiles are named after their corresponding application use. For example, the home automation application profile provides a common platform for vendors developing ZigBee-based products for home automation use.The g

13、eneral structure of an application profile is shown in Figure .The application profile consists of two main components: clusters anddevicedescriptions.Acluster isa set of attributesgrouped together.Each cluster is identified by a unique 16-bit number called a clusteridentifier . Each attribute in a

14、cluster is also identified by a unique16bitnumber known as aattributeidentifier. These attributesare usedto store data or state values. For example, in a temperature controlapplication, a device that acts as the temperature sensor can store thevalueofthe currenttemperatureinan attribute.Then another

15、devicethatacts as the furnace controller can receive the value of this attributeand turnon or turnoffthefurnaceaccordingly.The applicationprofiledoes notcontain theclusteritself.Instead,theapplicationprofilehasa listofthe clusteridentifiers.Each clusteridentifieruniquelypointsto the cluster itself.T

16、he other part of an application profile is the device descriptions( Figure ). The descriptions provide information regarding the deviceitself. For example, the supported frequency bands of operation, thelogicaltypeof thedevice (coordinator,router,orend device),and theremainingenergy ofthebatteryarep

17、rovidedby thedevicedescriptions.Each device description is identified by a 16-bit value. The ZigBeeapplication profile uses the concept of descriptor data structure . Inthis method, instead of including the data in the application profile,a 16-bitvalue iskeptand actsas a pointertothelocationofthedat

18、a.This pointer is referred to as the data descriptor . When a devicediscovers the presence of another device in the network, the devicedescriptionsaretransferredtoprovidetheessentialinformationregardingthe new device.The devicedescriptionsconsist of fivesections:nodedescriptor,nodepowerdescriptor,si

19、mpledescriptor,complexdescriptor,anduserdescriptor.Thenodedescriptorprovidesinformationsuch as thenode logicaltypeand themanufacturer code.Thenode power descriptordetermines whether the device is battery poweredand providesthe currentlevelof the battery.The profileidentifierandclustersare providedin

20、 the simpledescriptor. The complex descriptoris an optional part of the device descriptions and contains informationsuch as the serial number and the device model name. Any additionalinformationregardingthe device can be includedas the userdescriptor .The user descriptor can be up to 16 ASCII charac

21、ters. For example, in a light control application, the user descriptor field of a wall switch installed in a hallway can read Hall switch .The node descriptor fields for ZigBee-2006 are provided in Figure . The node descriptor is a mandatory part of the device descriptions. Thelogical type can be Zi

22、gBee coordinator, router, or end device. The complex descriptor and user descriptor are optional and if their correspondingfields in the node descriptor are set to zero, they are not provided aspart of the device descriptions. The APS flag field determines the APSsublayer capabilities. The frequency

23、 band (868 MHz, 915MHz, or GHz) isspecified in the frequency band field. The MAC capacity flags field isthe same as the MAC capacity field presented before in Figure. Amanufacturercan requestand receive a manufacturercode from theZigBeealliance. This code is included in the node descriptor.The maxim

24、umsizeof the APS Sublayer Data Unit (ASDU), in octets, is specified in themaximum buffer size field.The maximum size ofa single message that canbe transferredto or from a node is provided inthemaximumtransfersizefield (in octets). In ZigBeePro, the maximum incoming transfer size and maximum outgoing

25、 transfer size are two separate fields (16 bits each).The servermask fieldprovidesinformationregardingthe system servercapabilities of this node. A server is a device that provides specificservices to other devices in the network. If each bit is set to one, thedevice has the corresponding capability

26、 shown in Figure . Thetrustcenter is the device trusted by devices within a network to distributesecurity keys for the purpose of network and end-to-end applicationconfigurationmanagement. The securityfeaturesare reviewedin Section .The primary binding table cache is a device that allows other devic

27、esto store theirbindingtableswith it as longas ithas storagespace left.The binding procedure isfurtherclarifiedinthissubsection.The primarybinding table cache can be used to back up the content of binding tablesand restore them whenevernecessary. A devicecan choose tokeep its ownbinding table, known

28、 as asource binding table , instead of storing itwith a primarybindingtablecache. However, any devicecan store a backupof the source binding tablein the primarybiding table cache device andrecover it later if necessary.A ZigBee network mayhave a primarydiscoverycache device.This deviceis a ZigBee co

29、ordinator or router used to store the descriptors such asnode descriptors and power descriptors of some other devices. An enddevice,forexample,thatsleepsforlongdurationscanstore itsdescriptors in the primary discovery cache device. If a device in thenetwork triesto locatethe informationregarding thi

30、ssleepingend devicewhile the device is inactive,itcan gettheinformationfromthe primarydiscoverycache deviceinstead.If a networkcontainssleepingZigBee enddevices, the network must have at least one primary discovery cachedevice.应用层（ APL）是在 ZigBee 无线网络协议栈中最高的一层。应用层包含三个组成部分，见下图：应用支持子层（ APS）， ZigBee 设备对

31、象（ ZDO），以及应用层框架（AF）。应用支持子层（APS）提供了网络层（ NWK）和应用层（ APL）之间的接口。该层和所有较低层相似，支持两种服务：数据和管理服务。 APS层数据服务由APS数据实体（ APSDE）通过 APSDE服务接入点（ APSDE-SAP）提供。管理功能由 APS管理实体（ APSME）通过 APSME服务接入点（ APSME-SAP）提供。APS子层的常量和属性分别始于apsc 和 aps。 APS属性包含在 APS信息库（ APS IB 或 AIB）中。APS常量和属性列表由ZigBee 协议栈规范提供 3 。ZigBee 应用层框架（ AF）是为驻扎在Zig

32、Bee 设备中的应用对象控制和管理协议栈各层提供活动的环境。应用对象由制造商开发，也正是在这里定制了基于各种不同应用的设备。在一个设备中可以有多达 240 个应用对象。应用对象使用APSDE-SAP在应用对象节点之间发送和接收数据（图）。每个应用对象都有一个专有的终端节点地址（端点1端点 240）。端点 0 用于 ZDO。端点地址 255 被设置用来广播消息到所有的应用对象。设定终端地址允许多个设备共享同一频段。在节的灯控制例程中，多个灯连接在同一个频段里。每个灯都有一个专用的端点地址，并且能够独立的打开或关闭。ZigBee 设备对象（ ZDO）提供了 APS子层和应用层框架（AF）之间的接口

33、。 ZDO包含了所有运行在 ZigBee 协议栈上的应用所共有的功能。例如，定义设备属于ZigBee 协调器、路由器或终端设备三种逻辑类型之一就是ZDO的职责。 ZDO使用原语来执行它的任务，并通过APSME-SAP进入 APS子层管理实体。应用层框架（AF）通过 ZDO公共接口与 ZDO相互作用。关于应用层框架（ AF）、 ZDO和 APS子层的细节的详细回顾见于以下三节。? 应用层框架（ AF）ZigBee 标准提供了在开发应用时使用应用profiles的选项。应用 profiles的使用使得不同开发商开发的基于某种特定应用的产品之间有更多的共同使用性。比如，在灯控制情景中，如果两个开发商

34、使用同一个应用profiles来开发他们的产品，一个开发商制造的开关将能够打开或关闭另一个开发商制造的灯。应用profiles也是基于 ZigBee profiles的。每个应用 profiles都由一个被称作profile标识符的 16 位数值所标记的。 只有 ZigBee 联盟能够设定 profile标识符。开发商如果自行开发了一个profile，他可以向ZigBee 申请一个profile标识符。 ZigBee 联盟评估被提议的应用profile，如果其符合联盟准则，一个新的profile标识符就会被设定。应用profiles以与其相应的应用来命名。例如，家庭自动化应用profile提供

35、一个公共平台给开发用于家庭自动化的基于ZigBee 产品的开发商们。应用 profile 的总体结构见图。应用profile 包含两个主要组成部分：簇（clusters ）和设备描述（ device descriptions）。簇是一组整合在一起的属性。每个簇都由称为簇标识符（clusteridentifier）的唯一 16 位数字所标记。 簇中的每个属性也由称作属性标识符（ attributeidentifier）的唯一 16位数字所标记。这些属性用来存储数据或状态值。例如，在温度控制应用中，作为温度传感器的设备能在属性中存储当前温度数值。然后另一个作为火炉控制器的设备就能接受该属性值，并据

36、此打开或关闭火炉。应用profile不包含簇本身，而是包含一个簇标识符列表。每个簇标识符都专一地指向该簇本身。应用profile的另一个部分是设备描述（ device descriptions）（图）。设备描述提供关于设备自身的信息。例如，可供使用的频率波段，设备的逻辑类型（协调器、路由器或终端设备），以及设备提供的剩余电量，都是由设备描述所提供的。每个设备描述由一个16 位数值所标记。 ZigBee 应用 profile使用描述数据结构（ descriptor data structure）这一概念。正是用这一取代了包含应用 profile数据的方法，一个 16 位数值作为指向数据所在地址的指针而被保存。该指针称为数据描述指针。 当一个设备发现网络中另一个设备的出现时，设备描述就会被传送以提供关于该新设备的基本信息。设备描述由5 个部分组成：节点描述（node