如何提高学生的阅读理解能力

1、竭诚为您提供优质的服务，优质的文档，谢谢阅读/双击去除如何提高学生的阅读理解能力近三年来，高考英语科对考生阅读能力的要求越来越高， 主要体现在 以下方面：阅读量加大、生词数增多、猜测词义分量加重、强化了语段、语篇分析。如何提高学生阅读理解水平及解题能力，以适应新的要求？笔者以为在教学过程中，教师根据高考阅读理解能 力测试要求、试题特点，有意识地培养学生掌握阅读技巧是解决问题的关键。一、快速阅读训练要达到中学英语教学大纲二级目标关于 读”的要求，教师应通过课文教学、补充阅读量，对学生进行快速阅读训练， 使他们掌握阅读技巧， 从而提高理解 能力。以下是快速阅读的几种方法。1养成泛读的习惯 培养泛读

2、习惯，要从课文教学抓起。每教一篇课文时，可以先让 学生进行限时阅读，然后做阅读理解题。在整体吸收的基础上，要求学生对课文进行分段研读，在 教师的指导下，掌握课文中的重点词语、句型和惯用法。泛读与精读的紧密结合，旨在形成能力。帮 助学生选好读物是培养泛读习惯的关键。教师可帮助学生确定阅读目标， 制订出科学的适合不同学生 特点的阅读计划，以此来规范学生的阅读行为。选择读物时，应体现内容的思想性、 广泛性、新颖性、 有趣性，体裁和题材的多样性，从而激发学生的兴趣，增强他们搞好阅读的信心，扩大词汇量，提 高阅读水平。2养成“成组视读 ”习惯为了加快阅读速度，学生要养成 “成组视读 的习惯，要训练 “扫

3、 视”意群、短语、句子甚至段落的能力，逐步改变一眼只看一个单词的习惯。同时，要避免指 读、顿读、出声读、回读等不良阅读习惯。3养成计时阅读习惯每次进行 5至 10分钟，不宜太长。要从阅读心理和阅读能力等 方面确定阅读时间。长期坚持，学生的阅读速度会大大加快。二、词义猜测技巧， 对于阅读理解中碰到的生词一般采用猜测的方法来解决 （人名、 地名、组织机构名除外 ）。词义猜测是提高阅读理解能力的一种最基本的方式， 也是一种非常重要的 方式方法。近年来，阅读理解题加大了分量，反映了高考加强对考生学习能力的考查。 猜测词义的方 法通常有两种，即根据上下文和构词法知识。具体来说，有以下方法： 1根据定义或

4、解释说明猜测词义A resolute man is a person who once makes up his mind to do something; he wont give it half way2根据对比关系猜测词义在 but ，however，yet， otherwise 或 though 这些表示意义转折 的词出现的句中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，很容易猜测词义， 例如：Though Toms face has been washed quite clean，his neck still remains grubby3通过因果关系猜测词义当表

5、示因果关系的信息词出现在有生词的句 中，就能够通过因果关系，依据已知部分，猜测出生 词的词义，例如：The river is so，turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow 4根据语篇逻辑关系及常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力， 自身的生活经验和常识， 根据上下文能读懂 的部分，有时要理解整个语段或语 篇的逻辑关系，正确猜出词义，例如：There must be solne support facilities as wel，l including roads to get to the hote

6、l, electricity, sewers阴沟）to handle waste， and water5根据同等关系猜测词义At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy6根据列举的事例猜测词义You can take any of the periodicals：The world of english， Foreign Language Teaching in schoo，lsorenglish Learning7根据构词法知识猜测词义The American idea of the future is limited

7、， however. It is the foreseeable future and not the future of involving(牵连 )many centuries三、准确找出语篇的主题句 段落的构成有其内在的规律性， 其中心思想往往通过段落中的主 题句来体现。因此，掌握这一规律，迅速找出主题句，从而抓住中心思想，达到感知整个语段的 目的，对提高阅读理解能力大有益处。1段落首句为主题句As in china, the weather is different from area to area. In the north, the winters arelong and har

8、d, with snowfor six months of the year. The temperatures can fall to 60cc, that is 60cc below frcczing.In the capital,ottawa,the average of winter temperature is- 10cc, and in summer 21c. The west coast of canada is the wannest placein winter. The average January temperature is 3c, and in July it is

9、18c. here it rains a lot every month of theyear. (lesson 26, seFc book 2A)2段落中间或尾句为主题句The lion! It must be the lion from the zoo! mrs cousins was frightened. At that very momentthe animal bentover the baby. mrs cousins held her breath, and her whole body went cold. The lionwas smelling the face of t

10、hesleeping baby. was it hungry7 what was it going to do ？ Thoughts rushed through her head. how could she get the lion away from her baby? If she rantowards it, it might attack her. worse still, it could even carry off the babyin its mouth. she looked around the kitchen for something to throw at the

11、 lion.suddenly she had an idea. In thefridge there was a large leg of pork which she was planning to cook on sunday. There was nota moment to lose.she picked up the leg of pork, went to the back door and opened it.The lion looked at her asshe swung the porkin her hand so as to attract the lions atte

12、ntion.here! eat that! she cried as she threw the leg of pork as far as she could onto the grassaway from the table.The lion at once jumped off the table and ran to the meat. It picked it up in its mouth andcarried it into the bushes.mrs cousins ran to the table, picked up her baby in her arms, ran i

13、nside and shut the door.( lesson 46, seFc book 2 A)3段落没有主题句没有主题句的段落并非没有主题思想， 它们的主题思想不是由段 落中的某句话表示的，需要学生自己归纳总结。Ten minutes later the police arrived. The lion could still be seen inthe bushes eating themeat,Are you goingto catch it yourselves, asked mrs cousins. no, not us! said one. Ithink well leave

14、 it tothe experts. before long,a truck stopped in front of her house. Two keepers from the zoocame into the house and lookedinto the garden. she looks quiet enough, doesnt she? said one of them. but I thinkwell give her a shot,just to be safe. he tooka long plastic pipe and fitted something into one

15、 end. walkingslowly across the grass hepointed the pipe at thelion and fired. The lion made a sudden angry noise and struggled to its feet. After a moment,it fell over and laystill. weve just sent her to sleep, said the keeper. Its easier to catch a sleeping lionthan one thats awake. Theyput the lio

16、n in a strong cage and carried it to the truck. (Lesson 47 seFc book 2 A)本段的大意可概括为：The young lion was caught.四、正确判断推理 推断题是考查1 2 下一页学生通过文章表面文字信息进行分析、 综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。 学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思， 更重要的是要知道文章的潜在含义， 切不可 脱离语篇主旨和作者意图，作无根据的猜测。one day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the sho-passistant, I need two

17、 small gray mice and about fivedoze n roaches蟑螂）and two spiders.what do you need these things for? the shop assistant was very surprised.well, replied the man, Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I shouldleave the housein exactly the same condition as I found it.The passage s

18、uggests that when the man moved into the apamnent, it was .A. very clean b. just cleaned by the landlord c. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full ofinsects分析：买主说他即将搬走， 房主要他还房子的本来面目， 所以他要买寄 生在肮脏环境中的老鼠、蟑螂和蜘蛛。由此推知答案为 D.house prices in england increased sharply between 1971 and 1972. The following records how mucha housein chelsea, London had risen in price since 1955.Take no. 29 smith Terrace for example. In 1955 ,Jane gray sold it for 2,000. mrs bowena blackbought itfor 4,900 and sold it nine years later to bill and Dreen white for 22,950. now four yea