2021年如何快速提升英语成绩_第1页
2021年如何快速提升英语成绩_第2页
2021年如何快速提升英语成绩_第3页
免费预览已结束,剩余12页可下载查看

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、资料来源:来自本人网络整理!祝您工作顺利!2021年如何快速提升英语成绩 提升英语的方法除了寻常的听说读写以外,我们也可以训练一下自己的翻译技巧。下面是我给大家整理的快速提升英语成果的方法,供大家参阅! 快速提升英语成果的方法:利用上下文深化理解原文含义 拜读了成才与就业英语口译考试专刊上孙黎博士的英汉、汉英笔译精要一文后,深以为然。孙博土指出:由于平常对英文报刊、杂志上的时事性文章的阅读量不够大,有些考生对一些常用经济类词汇在上下文中确实切含义把握不准;另一类考生那么对一个词的多种含义把握不全面。只知其一,不知其二,于是考试时考生要么用自己所熟识、但实际并不精确的词进展翻译,要么就不顾上下文

2、随便猜一个词,有的干脆就忽视不译,结果往往因词不达意或过分意译而失分。 上述现象反映在本次试题中依旧突出。考生或闪耀其辞、或妄加猜想、或随便附会,个中缘由再次被孙博士言中。因此.孙博士力主考生除平常加强对时事、经济类文章的阅和信息猎取,扩大词汇量外,还应主动培育依据上下文有效猜想词义的力量。 所谓依据上下文有效猜想词义,就是以考生所学的语法、句法学问,分析试题中各种语言关系,并通过这些关系对词语的含义进展合理的推断;然后,基于对词语的认识,深化理解原文的含义。依据上下文有效猜想词义不仅是考生平常阅读时必需勤加操练的一项阅读技能,也是考生在应试过程中比拟行之有效的一种途径。 现以2021年9月高

3、级口译第一阶段考试英译汉局部第一段为例,诠释依据上下问有效地猜想词义攻略: the effect governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure,and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. if the economy as a whole or the

4、 segment of economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity,then the expenditures major effects will tend to be inflationary growth, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. if the economy or sector is operating at much less than full em

5、ployment.the expenditure will produce a genuine(non-inflationary)rise in the gnp. 一、指代 句中in the economy指代前面the total economy;the expenditure指代前面governmental expenditures。这里的指代关系应当在译文中反映出来,而不应挺直翻译咸经济中,开支,让人误以为这里的经济有别于总体经济,开支有别于政府开支。 二、同义 句中的the level of utilization of labor and capital分别与句中much emplo

6、yment of capital and labor以及句中full employment为同义,其意义为利用,而非望文生义、信手拈来的雇佣。 三、对应 句中的the total economy等同与in the economy,与the segment of the economy形成对应,这里是总体经济对应于详细经济部门;句中的inflationary与句中的genuine遥相照应那么显而易见了。 四、并列 句中的both.and是明显的并列,说明政府增加财政支出所起作用的两个变量。句分别是以if开头的同源构造的条件句,分别说明政府财政支出在两种不怜悯况下所产生的不同结果。 五、释义 句中

7、的capacity难倒一局部考生。其实从句的同源构造可推定full employment,然后利用同义关系推定其所指代的是句中的utilization of labor and capital,因此capactty的释义为full utilizatlon of labor and capital。当然.有的释义是明摆着的。句中genuine旁的括号就是对该词的说明,因为按经济学术语,此地应当是real growth以对应句中的inflationary growth。惟恐引起考生误会。 理清上面的关系是深化理解原文的关键,也是翻译的根底与根本。现代语法关于句法的信息构造以及写作的根底原理打算了这

8、些关系在上下文中的存在。通过上下文理解的原义是正途,靠死记硬背、生搬硬套、随便附会、投机取巧那么偏离了翻译信的原那么,文过饰非也是枉然。其实,本试题只不过是一篇经济学方面的通俗文章,文字粗浅、条理清楚,专业性并不高。所以盼望考生谨记孙博土解析的同时,实在加强依据上下文有效猜想词义方面的训练,深化理解文章的含义. 快速提升英语成果的方法:汉译英根本功 最近我看了一本用英文出版的论文集,是介绍我国改革开放的状况的。书中共有文章18篇,其中13篇有译者署名,并经8人批阅,其余5篇没有译者署名,可能是自译,或许是挺直用英文写的。 这18篇文章均出自相关领域的专家学者之手,专业性比拟强,要译好,或者要评

9、论译文的优劣,必需有相关的学问。我们不具备这样的条件,而且我们只见到译文而见不到原文,因此我们只能就译文本身提出一些看法。 一、名词与冠词1. over long period of time in our country, state enterprise is a main provider in respect to financial income of nation. 2. those belonged to the latter approach pay much more attentions to the individuals. 3. in term of both econ

10、omics and environment. 4. in other word, what do we think? 5. the actual situation is far from such a simple. 6. in addition, the development of economy always has periods of rise as well as fall. 7. since 1990s, globalization has almost become an everyday word of the mass media in various countries

11、. 8. those suffering more have to ask for aids from imf and some western countries like u.s. 9. on june 5, 1972 in stockholm, united nations held its first un conference on human settlement, for the first time raising human environment issue into the agenda of international politics. 10capacity buil

12、ding thus becomes an only effective approach to sustainable development. 英语的名词分可数名词和不行数名词,而且往往要和冠词连用。例1中的period,enterprise和nation都是可数名词。period在这里是泛指,没有说是哪一段时间,因此要加不定冠词,说a long period of time.enterprise在这里也是泛指,泛指往往用复数,或用单数加定冠词,说明这一类的东西,因此这里要说state enterprises,或the state enterprise, 既不用复数又不用冠词是不行的。nat

13、ion在这里专指我国,肯定要加定冠词,说the nation.例9中的issue也是专指,要加定冠词。 英语有些名词既可用作可数名词,也可用作不行数名词。如preparation(s),negotiation(s),experience(s), success(es)等。这两种用法,其含义有时无大差异,有时略有不同。例2中的attention一词就属于后一种状况。据词典说明, attentions作为可数名词的复数,意思是 things that sb does to try to please you or to show their interest in you. 因此,例2只能用att

14、ention,不能用其复数形式。 英语有些短语是特别固定的,叫做idioms,不能轻易改动,如in terms of,in other words,等等。因此,例3和例4中用名词的单数形式是不行的。 英语很多词可以用作不同的词类,这在词典里都是标明的。但我们也不能随心所欲。例5 such a后面要跟名词,放个simple在那里是不行的,其实这句话只要把such a删去就行了。far from simple等于not simple,在语法上也是站得住脚的。 用 economy一词泛指一个国家或地区的经济情况,要用定冠词。词典举例: the economy is in recession. | t

15、he new oil that we have found will improve the/our economy. | the slowdown in the japanese economy 此三例选自三本不同的词典,但都用了the,有一本词典竟先说明(often the economy), 然后才释义。 用英语表示二十世纪九十年月,应当是the 1990s.那一撇是可有可无的,但定冠词是肯定要有的。这一点,很多译者简单忽视。 例8里的imf要加定冠词。词典举例: the imf is an organization within the united nations which is

16、concerned with trade and economic development. 在例8中,u.s. 用作名词,前面也须加定冠词。再如欧盟的缩写是the eu.词典释义中写道: the eu used to be known as the ec(european community)。这几个名称,the imf, the eu, the united nations,无论是简称还是全称,在句子里作为名词出现时,都要加定冠词。有没有不加定冠词的状况呢?有的。unesco,nato,asean,这些词全不需要加定冠词。有什么规律可循呢?依据michael swan 所著 practic

17、al english usage(英语用法指南),首字母缩略词(acronyms),其读音像一个词一样,通常不用冠词。 例10中的不定冠词须改为定冠词。依据practical english usage第65.4条,the常常与最高级连用,因为通常只有一个个体或集体称得上best或biggest等,其所指的是哪一个(或哪一些)是清晰的。由于同样的缘由,the常常与first,next,last,same 和only连用。词典举例:she is the only person for the job. 二、动词 11.the influence of the related policies m

18、ade by the government, including the policies which is considered afterwards to have played an active role in the development of the refrigerator industry, is secondary and supplementary. 12.the disparity between the poor and the rich in food consumption are not manifested in quantity, but in qualit

19、y. 13.the first constitution of the peoples republic of china which adopted on 1954 clearly indicates in its article 45: 14.secondly, as mentioned above, the comparison make us to think over the reasons of different choices of welfare policies. 15.the rural people who made of the majority of the chi

20、nese population did not enjoy these welfare. 16.after the world war, the developed economies have been recovering and developing rapidly. 17.who knows whether the soe gains or losses? 18.although all the states are facing the possibilities of either win or lost, the developed countries enjoy the mor

21、e favorable position than the under-developed countries. 19.the government of zhucheng town requested that the net asset in all joint-stock enterprises should be divided into two parts after fulfil their property assessment. 20.as a result, the more rapidly the country develops, the more tightly it

22、is bounded to the international monetary and financial system. 正确用法英语动词,需要留意三件事:一是时态对不对,与句中的时间状语是否吻合(假如有时间状语的话);二是数是否与主语全都,是单数还是复数;三是语态对不对,是主动还是被动。 例11 which引导的从句中有afterwards,此时间状语的意思是以后,但其所指是过去发生的事,因此动词的时态应是过去时。从句主语 which指的是前面的复数名词policies,因此动词应为复数。这样从句就应改为which were considered。 例12主语 disparity是单数,

23、动词应当是is,而不应是are。例13 which引导的从句指的是constitution,动词应当用被动语态,因此应改为which was adopted。 英语动词是一个冗杂的词类。除了留意以上三件事,还要看它跟什么词连用和怎样连用,一不当心,就会出错。 例14主语comparison是单数,动词make需改为makes才能与主语的数全都。另外,make后面出动词不定式是不用to的,因此这个to 应删去。例15 make后面跟of可以表示用什么制作,但此处要表示to form,to constitute,就要用make up.词典举例: women make up 56% of the s

24、tudent numbers.因此例15中的made of应改为made up.例9, raising theissue into the agenda也不符合英语说法,可改为putting the issue on the agenda. 例16 先解决一个冠词问题。谈到二次大战之类的名称,英语假设数字后出,那么不用冠词,说word war就行了。假设数字先出,那么要定冠词,要说the second world war.这一句主要是需要解决时间状语和动词时态全都的问题。after word war指的是二次大战完毕后的一段时间,一般说来指的时间不太长,稍长一点也可以,但不能指到如今,动词只能

25、是过去时。假设想指到如今,就要说since word war, 这样动词就可以用如今完成时或如今完成进展时。从例16的内容看,因提到recover,还是用过去时较好。这句话可改为after world war, the developed economies recovered and developed rapidly. 英语动词的形式改变多端。有时动词和名词的形式是一样的。如gain既可是动词,也可是名词。lose就比拟冗杂。动词是lose,其过去时和过去分词是lost,名词是loss, 形容词是loose.用哪种形式,全看它在句中起什么作用。例17,和前面的动词gains并列,就应当用动

26、词loses, 而不该用名词losses.例18,在the possibilities of后面该用动名词winning or losing.例19,在after后面也该用动名词fulfilling.例20,后半句用了被动语态,但过去分词bounded是不对的。此处动词原形是bind,其过去分词应是bound,因此这里用is bound to就对了。 三。介词、连词与句子构造 21. when such a physical limit is reached, the food consumption and nutrition intake of the people would gener

27、ally not increase despite of further rise in income. 22. there was already a lot of discussions about the crisis in the economic as well as technical levels. 23. on a certain degree, it is the goal but not the reality. 24. the property assessment in the enterprise must be assessed by professional st

28、affs and institutions that passed examination of the state. 25. having summed up the preliminary experience of reform in the cities and rural areas, the principle of 26. we should, from a long-term point of view, make efforts in developing the rural economy to reduce rural-urban disparity, therefore

29、, labor migration from urban to rural areas, driven by benefit, will appear. 27. the financial reform in china has made great progress, however, the whole financial market is still under restraint. 28. but the question is, health is everybodys basic right, what is the reason to legally enforce some

30、people to donate their blood just for other peoples health? 29. government is no longer responsible for gain and loss in state enterprises since the reform, soft budget restriction in the enterprise changes more or less, the financial pressure for the enterprise aggravates. 30. the reform of state o

31、wned enterprise was set as a key part of overall economic reform at the beginning of 80s, since then the governments at central and local levels, entrepreneurs and economists have denoted much attentions and exerted many efforts to the reform, but one has to admit that comparing to the reforms in al

32、l the other fields in country, until now the reform of state enterprise is in the state of lowest point of efficiency of input -output, from all views, the achievements we have made can not match the huge efforts (personnel resources, materials, finances and energies) we have exerted. 介词是英语里最敏捷的一个词类

33、,它能引出介词短语在句中发挥各种作用,它能跟动词连用,把不及物动词变成及物动词,引出宾语。总之,介词在英语里广泛用法,在汉语里很多用动词表达的意思,在英语里可以用介词来表达。然而介词又是英语里一个很机械的词类,它有很多固定的说法,稍一转变,不是不合用法,就是产出了别的意思。这就使我们感到很困难,必需专心体会,牢牢记住。 例21, despite就是介词,等于in spite of,因此不能说despite of,也不能说in despite of.例22,levels前面不能用in.levels在这里指的是争论问题的角度,前面可用on.例23,习惯说法应是to a certain degree

34、.此外,例1中的 in respect to也是不行的。可以说in respect of,也可以说with respect to,这是固定的,是不能换的。例13中的on 1954也是不行的,on只能用于日期,这里肯定要用in. 例24,主语是assessment,和动词must be assessed不搭配。把assessment删去,用property作主语,就和动词搭配了。例25,分词短语和主语不搭配,把principle换掉,用人来作主语就可以了。 在英语里,therefore和however都是副词,不是连词,不能起连接分句的作用。词典举例: hes only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote. we thought

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论