新编英语语法教程ppt课件

1、vE.g. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. (- Winston Churchill)vSaying good-bye to the world she knows and loves, Paris heads west, to San Francisco, and discovers being single in a world full of men who are too young, too old, too married, or too good to be true.vFaulty: You d

2、ont speak fluently, you should practise more.vRevised: 1,.;.v 2, .so.v 3,. . .vE.g. Run-on: She put on her bathing cap then she plunged into the water. v Revised: . . Then.vYou can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time, but you cant fool all of the people all

3、 of the time.v - Abraham Lincoln v1, Punctuation marksva, The comma .If we want to make the series more rapid so as to create a suggestion of urgency and excitement, we can use commas all through the series, eliminating the coordinator.v vb, The colon coordinates by amplification, with conjunct like

4、 accordingly, furthermore, however, nevertheless, therefore, hence , etc.vc, The semicolon coordinates by contrast.v v1) And-group:v and, bothand, not onlybut (also), notnor, neithernor, etc.vTo make the series move slowly and seem lengthy and drawn-out, we repeat the coordinator all through the ser

5、ies, eliminating the commas.vIn addition to semantic extension, and can denote other meanings, such as temporal sequence, result, condition, contrast, and it can also function as an attitudinal disjunct. (p.548)vE.g. Customer: Can you give me a room and a bath?v Hotel clerk: I can give you a room, b

6、ut you have to take your own bath, sir. vGrammatical constructions like “nice and, good and, go and, seem to be, but actually are not , coordinate constructions:vHe is good and hungry. (very, extremely.)vYoure all nice and hardworking.vKeep it sweet and short. vAnd前的修饰后面的，表示程度,限于少数表性质和程度的描画词和副词。最典型的

7、是 nice and good.还有：vFine, rare, sweet, bright, big, clear, lovely, pure, well 等：vIts rare and hot inside.vShe is big and busy.vI shall go into business bright and early in the morning.vI didnt like the speech, but at least it was nice and short.v这种构造第二个描画词在名词前作定时,and往往可以省略vI prefer good black coffee

8、.v浓浓的咖啡。vYou scold me so much in the nice long letter. 长长的信。vAnd 衔接两个一样名词表“不同类型的概念，且常有“有好的，也有坏的的含义：vThere are teachers and teachers.vYou can find doctors and doctors.vThere are translations and translations.vThere are women and women. 但如反复两次，那么表“众多:We saw dogs and dogs and dogs all over the place.两个

9、或两个以上的简单句关系如不很严密，并列连词可引导单独一个句子：Youre alive! And shes dead.Im sorry to trouble you. But can you direct me to the nearest post office?v口语中，and 与 be 或 go 的完成体搭配表示说话人对另一人所做某蠢事感到恼怒或埋怨：vThat idiot Antonio has gone and locked our door. 这个笨蛋，竟把我们的门锁了。vYouve gone and waked him. Hes so tired.v他怎样把他弄醒了！他可累坏了。v

10、Youve been and bought such a pair of shoes.v他怎样买了这么一双鞋！vWhos been and taken my dictionary?v真厌恶，谁拿了我的字典？vAnd that (而且) 用来补充阐明前面的内容以加强语气。其中 that 替代上文中某个词、短语或句子，以防止反复。有时只用and:vReturn to your work, and that at once.v回去干活，马上去！vHe will come, and that soon.v 而且马上就来。v表示并列成分都被否认时，在 not , nothing , without ,

11、never 等后宜用 or, 不用 and, 由于 and 衔接的并列成分在否认词后有歧义：vHe doesnt have long hair or wear jeans.= He and he doesnt wear.vHe doesnt have long hair and wear jeans.v= 1) 同上。v 2) Either he doesnt have long hair OR he doesnt wear jeans.要么要么vShe cant sing or dance.=Sheand she.vShe .and.=1).v2) Either she cant sing

12、or she cant dance.vAnd 衔接的分句表主从意义。第一分句是第二分句的条件或时间：vGo by train and youll get there quicker.v= If you govOne more effort, and youll succeed.v= If you makevOne more boot, and Ill have a pair.v如并列分句均为祈使句，第一句仍可表条件，第二句表结果：vSurrender and live; resist and die.v= If you surrender, youll live; vDont drink an

13、d drive.v= If you dont drink, you can drive. Or:v If you drink, you cant drive. 不许酒后开车。vC.f. Dont drink or drive.= Dont drink and dont drive. v有时用 and 表示部分否认，即否认其中一个，通常能否认后者：vHe is not a and a writer.月v他是教师，不是作家。vHe didnt speak clearly and correctly.v他讲得清楚，但不正确。vOr-group coordinators: or, eitherorv在

14、否认句中，普通用 or 不用 and 衔接同等成分。Or 普通不表示所择关系：vHe has no money or food.v= He has neither money nor food.vI didnt find him clever or good-looking.v= I found him neither clever nor.vA sheep was not moving about or eating grass like the others.v有一只羊的行动和(？或)吃草的样子跟别的羊不一样。vSpiders never do the least harm to us o

15、r our belongs.v 蜘蛛从不危害我们，也(？或)不危害我们的财物。 vBut-group coordinators: vBut, notbut, while, whereas, yet, only etc, denoting contrast or a turn in meaning.vEarly as it was, but a lot of people were waiting to buy new stamps in front of the post office. But 错。并列连词不可用于as, though, although引导的从属句中。vMy name is

16、 Robert, _ most of my friends call me Bob for short.vA, then B, instead C, however D, butv选 D, C 是衔接副词，在衔接分句时，前面用“;或前后用“,，but 后普通不用逗号。vI never see her but I want to kiss her.v错：我从未但我想v正：我没有一次见到她而不想vI never think of summer but I think of my childhood.vI never see the picture but I think of my college

17、 years.v上列各句中 but 是 but that 的省略式。它引出的从句带有结果含义，主句总能否认，并含有never, too, so, such 等词。换言之，当 主句能否认时，but 作without解，译为“一就,“假设不就不会,“除外，就不又如：vNo man is too old _ he can learn.vA, that B, as C, when D, butvD.人不论多老，都可以学习。vI am not such a fool but that I understand you.v我不至于蠢到连他都不了解。vIt never rains but it pours.

18、v直译：除了倾盆下外，就总不下雨。/每次下都是倾盆而下。/v 一下雨就是倾盆大雨。v可译为：不雨那么己，一雨倾盆。vThere is _ would be surprised at the news.vA, no man but who B, no man butvC, no man D, not any manvB. 上句的 but 是关系代词，相当于 thatnot, whonot.在从句中充任主语。这种从句除 but 外不会再有其它主语。又如：vTheres no one but knows that.v没有人不知道这件事。vTheres no one of us but wishes

19、to help you. v我们中没有一个人不情愿协助他。vThere are very few but admire his talents.v很少有人不敬仰他的人才。vThere is no rule but has exceptions.v没有无例外的规那么。/凡规那么都有例外。vIt is one of those true sayings that there is no one_errs.vA, that B, who C, what D, butvThere was not a single person there but who thought you were in the

20、 right. ？vWith the introduction of the electronic computer, there are no complicated problems _ can be solved.vA, that B, as C, but D, whichv1), He was anything but a hero. v2), There is anything but easy.v根本用法和意义一样，都强调“某人或某事绝非，但 1) 后跟名词或代词时可有两种译法：除外什么都是/行/可以;绝不,根本不，一点儿也不 。v2) 后跟描画词时那么只译 “绝不，根本不。例：v

21、My doctor wont let me drink anything but champagne. 只让我喝“除外，不让vThe little bridge is anything but safe.v一点也不平安。vHe is anything but polite. 他没有一点礼貌。vHe is anything but a fool. 他绝不是傻瓜。v(比较：He is nothing but a fool.他只不过是/仅仅是个傻瓜。/v除.外什么也没有。He is all but a fool. 几乎是)vIt is not “terrible at all. It is _ “t

22、erriblevA, but for B, all but C, nothing but D, anything butvBut for 引出的介词短语相当一个非真实条件句，谓语词要用虚拟：vBut for John they would all have died.vBut for 表例外(除之外)意义与用法近似 except for, 但不及它普通。v一vQuasi- coordination 准并列v1.衔接主语 along with, together with, as much as, as well as, and:vAnn, as much as her brothers, wa

23、s to blame.vThe ocean, as well as the gulf, provides good fishing.vThe ambassador, and perhaps his wife too, is likely to be present.vCatty, and nobody else, is able to do the job.v2.衔接主语以外的成份：vAs well as (并列连词或介词)vAs well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.(介)vShe is clever as well as beautiful.v

24、A as well as B 偏重点常在A (not only A but also B偏重点在B)。A往往当作新信息加以强调。普通译为 “不仅 B,而且 A; 既 B 又 A; A 和 B一样也; 除 B 外还有 A:vIm a Chinese, but I have foreign friends as well as Chinese friends. (如对调那么强调不对)vNotice that a force has direction as well as magnitude.v要留意,力不但有大小,而且有方向。vElectric energy can be changed int

25、o light energy as well as into sound energy.v电能既可变为声能,又可变为光能。vHoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a Tommy-gun.v胡佛需求既会运用自动步枪又懂社交礼仪的人。v跟 and, or 一样,衔接的成分要对等：vThomas was a real friend, for he advised me as well as help(ing ) me with my Arabic.v ？v在现代英语里, as well as 有时也表达A和B同等重要，相当于 a

26、nd, and also:vYou helped him as well as me.=bothv可见,这个构造终究在语意上强调A还是表示A,B同等重要,需对上下文进展详细分析才干确定。vAs well as 还可作比较构造,意为“跟.一样好：vHe speaks English as well as his teacher.vI like Joe as well as Jack. 可有三解：v1) 我跟Jack一样地喜欢Joe. 关联从属连词,v as Jack (likes).v2) 我喜欢Joe,同样喜欢Jack. 从属连词, as 从句省略v I like.v3) 我不仅喜欢Jack,

27、也喜欢Joe. 准并列连词。vRather than (从属连词、介词、或并列连词), 相当于 and not 或 instead of:vShe telephoned rather than write从属 /writing介词v/wrote并列.v用作从属连词或介词时，假设强调，其前可带逗号:vWe ought to check up, rather than just accept/ accepting what he says.vIf not 和 not to say(=if one may not say)与只能引导名词词组的 not to mention /not to speak

28、 of /to say nothing of 意义不同:vIt would be foolish, if not / not to say mad, to sell your car.vHe has experience, to say nothing of / not to mention scholarship.vHe can speak German and French, not to speak of / to say nothing of English.vStill less(=much less), still more(=much more)：vI dont like him

29、, still less respect him.vHe can do it well, still more you.vMore x than y = x rather than y:vI was more angry than frightened.vHe is more dead than alive.v(=He is dead rather than alive.)vNot so much X as Y = more Y than X v= Y rather than X :vI dont much dislike him as hate him.vHe is not so much

30、unintelligent as uneducated.vIts not so much that I dont want to come as (that)/ but (that) I just havent got the time.v插入并列和追加并列vMargaret, and Dorothy, too, dances very beautifully.vMargaret dances very beautifully, and Dorothy, too.vJohn writes extremely well, and Sally, too.vJohn and Sally, too writes extremely.vHe is, or was at any rate, a major composer.vHe is a major composer, or was at any rate.vShe can, and probably will, beat the world record.vShe can beat the world record, and probably will.vPeter will, and Bob might, take the course.