法律英语单词(自己整理的)(最新整理)

1、仅供参考！欢迎参与词条建设！book 1, unit 1reading: bodies of lawcommon law习惯法,普通法，判例法 based on customscivil law成文法，大陆法，民法criminal law刑法 deal with crimescodify编纂code法典disputes争执，纠纷types of lawbill议案；法案.a formal statement of a proposed new law that is discussed and then voted onregulation规章 carry out the intent of

2、the lawordinance（地方）条例 enacted by a town,city or country governmentdirective指令 （如：欧盟指令） establish policiesstatutes成文法 formal written lawprovision规章、条例articlechapterclausespeaking1 : explaining what a law saysstipulate规定provide语气弱于 stipulatesspecify明确规定types of courtsappellate court受理上诉法院 review case

3、s heard in a lower courtcrown court刑事法庭 hear serious criminal caseshigh court高等法院 the highest court in a jurisdictionsupreme court最高法院juvenile court青少年法庭 try a person under the age of 18lower court下级法庭 hear a case for the first timemagistrates court地方法院，地方治安法庭 small crimes are tried in the ukmoot co

4、urt模拟法庭 students argue hypothetical casessmall-claims court小额补偿诉讼法院 limit amount of moneytribunal特别法庭，专门法庭 legal problems of a particular typespeaking2: civil court systemsexpert witness专家证人 a person who has specialised knowledge of a particular subjectappellant上诉人 appeals a decision to a higher cou

5、rtadvocate诉讼律师 plead cases in courtlistening: documents in courtaffidavit法庭宣誓, 口供 swear officially to tell the truthinjunction禁令 stop sb doing somethingwrit传票 involved sb in a legal processpleading诉讼；诉讼文件 set forth the cause of actionclient诉讼当事人， 委托人book 1,unit 2reading: legaleducation - a call to t

6、he barthe bar1.大律师职业（可出席高等法庭）（尤指资格）the profession of barrister2.律师职业the profession of any kind of lawyerdisbar取消（某人）的律师资格 to stop a lawyer from working in the legal profession,especially because he or she has done sth illegalllblegum baccalaureus 法学学士vocational职业的，职业技术的barrister大律师，出庭律师，辩护律师(在英国有资格出

7、席上级法庭进行辩护) a lawyer in britain who has the right to argue cases in the higher courts of lawinns of court律师学院（尤指英国伦敦四个培养律师的组织）(in england) the four private unincorporated societies in london that function as a law school and have the exclusive privilege of calling candidates to the english bar.they a

8、relincolns inn,inner temple,middle temple.grays innbar vocational course法律职业课程call to the bar获得律师资格allowed to work as a qualified barristerpupillage1.大律师见习期a period during which a lawyer trains to become a barrister by studying with a qualified barriser2.大律师实习制度 3.学生时期（尤指接受某人教育） a period during whic

9、h you are a student,especially when you are being taught by a particular personapprenticeship1.学徒期 a period of time working as an apprentice2.学徒工作a job as an apprenticebarristers chambers大律师事务所solicitor1.事务律师，诉状律师（代拟法律文书、提供法律咨询等的一般辩护律师）a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example for the sale

10、of land or buildings,advises people on legal matters,and can speak for them in some courts of law 2.推销员 a person whose job is to visit or telephone people and try to sell them sth 3.(城镇或政府部门负责法律事务的)法务官 the most senior legal officer of a city,town or government departmentlegal practice course(lpc)法律实

11、践课程trainee solicitor实习律师law school法学院juris doctor(j.d)法律博士（美）基础的法律学位，专供非法学毕业的本科毕业生修读，毕业生可以申请入读专业法律证书（p.c.ll.）以图取得香港律师资格，香港中文大学和香港城市大学均设有此课程，2009 年起香港大学亦开办此课程。bar examination律师资格考试 in the usa,an important test taken by law-school graduates which,when passed,qualifies a person to practise lawliaison1.

12、联络；联系 a relationship between two organizations or different departments in an organization,involving the exchange of information or ideas2.联络员；联系人counsel1.法律顾问；律师 a lawyer or group of lawyers representing sb in court 2.劝告，建议 advice,especially given by older people or expertslisteningassociate合伙人，同事，

13、朋友 2.准会员 adj.合伙的，共事的，有关连的full partner（法律）无限责任合伙人paralegaln.法律事务助理 adj.辅助律师业务的real propertyn.不动产，房地产salaried partner（法律）受薪合伙人litigationn.诉讼；打官司 the process of making or defending a claim in a court of lawpractitionern.从业人员（尤指医学或法律界的）a person who works in a profession;n 习艺者，专门人才 a person who regularly

14、 does a particular activity,especially one that requires skilltransactionn.交易，业务，买卖 a piece of business that is done between people,especially an act of buying or selling ; n.办理，处理 the process of doing sthtrade-mark商 标 a name,symbol or design that a company uses for its products and that cannot be u

15、sed by anyone else;n.特征，标记 a special way of behaving or dressing that is typical of ab and that makes them easily recognizedinfringement侵犯权益 to limit abs legal rightsn.触犯法规 to break a law or rule ;landlordn.房东，地主 a man from whom you rent a room,a house,etc;n.店主，老板 a man who owns or manages a pub or

16、a guest housetenantn.房客，租户，佃户 a person who pays rent for the use of a room,building,land etc;v.（作为租赁者）居住，工作 to live or work in a place as a tenantlanguage focusbarrister出庭律师 a lawyerwho is admitted to plead at the bar and argue cases in superior courts.attorney1.代理人,法律事务代理人 a legal agent 2. 律师 a law

17、yerin-house counsel法律顾问 lawyer suppling advices for corparatonsolicitor1.事务律师(英）lawyer who consults with clients and prepare documents but is not heard in high court2.(美)首席法务官main legal officel of the governmentcorporate lawyer法务 setting up a business venture for the companydefence laywer辩护律师 a lawy

18、er of a defendantgovernment lawyer政府律师 lawyer work for governmentpatent lawyer专 利 律 师 a lawyer who drafts and prosecutes patent applications and represents inventors in infringement suits and interference hearingstax lawyer税务律师 lawyer helping with tax issuestrial lawyer出庭辩护律师 defence for the defenda

19、nt on the courtunit 3reading: introduction to constitutional lawus constitution美国宪法article1.（报纸、杂志的）文章 a piece of writing；2.物品；物件object;3.正品；真货 the genuine article;4.(契约、文件的)条款、条文、项目 a section of a formal agreement or document;5.见习契约 someone who is in articles is being trained as a lawyer or account

20、ant by a firm with whom they have a written agreement;6.冠词amendment1.(法令或法规的)修正条款，修正案 a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it;2.修改，修订 a change is made to a piece of writing.bill of rights权利法案judicial review司法审查、复审 review by a court of law of actions of a government official or

21、 entity or of so me other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial courtdue process正当程序，正当法律程序,法定诉讼程序 the administration of justice according to establish rules and principlesseparation of powers政权分离division of powers（中央及地方的）分权checks and balance

22、s（政府机关彼此之间的）相互制衡limited government有限政府source1.来源；产地；2.寻找（产品或货源的）货源；3.消息来源；消息人士；（论文中引文的）出处、原始资料 a person or book that provides information for a news story or for a piece of research.4.(困难的)根源、原因 a difficultys cause.5.（河流的）源头precedent前例、先例 if there is a precedent for an action or event, it has happen

23、ded before, and this can be regarded as an argument for doing it againissue1.重要问题；议题；争论的问题 an important subject;2.首要事项； 要点；问题的要害；3.（报刊的）期，号，版次 the version of magazine or newspaper;4.发表，发布。make a statement or a warning known formally or publicly;5.向.颁发；（正式）发给； 6.（液体声音气味）流出、发出、冒出 issues from=comes out

24、 of 7.争论中的，讨论中的 at issus=being argued about;8.使.引起关注；在.上跳起争论 make an issue of something;9.不同意；对. 持争议 take issue with someone or something=disagree with them;10.在.方面有困难 have issues with=have problems connected withstate constitution州宪法mundane subjects平凡的人key terms:principles of the constitutional law

25、（by 陈宁怡2012301180）separation of powers1.分权。即将政府机构一分为三：立法、行政和司法。每一个分支都有特定的职责范围，任何其他分支不得侵犯。 2.分权与制衡原则。美国宪法所确立的一项原则。依布兰迪斯（brandeis）大法官所言，这一原则在 1787 年制宪会议上采纳，其目的不在于提高政府效率，而在于保护人民免受暴政或独裁专制之苦。division of powers（联邦宪法规定的联邦和州之间的政府权力划分）；分权checks and balances制衡原则；制约与平衡原则。之每一政府部门皆具有对抗其他任何部门行为的能力，从而不致出现任何单一部门操纵整

26、个政府的权力和职能的理论。如在美国，行政部门可通过行使否决权veto power制约立法机关；而只要达到充分多数，立法机关则可推翻任一否决。limited government有限政府unit 4company lawlegal entity法律实体legal person法人 legal personsare of two kinds: natural persons people and juridical persons groups of people, such as corporations, which are treated by law as if they were per

27、sons. while people acquire legal personhood when they are born, judicial persons do so when they are incorporated in accordance with law.personal liability法律责任 the legal bound obligation to pay debts.in law, a person is legally liable when they are financially and legally responsible for something.c

28、orporate veil公司屏障(保护持股人免受独家业主造成的企业破产所带来的损 失 ) its purpose lies in the fact that under the special circumstance of law, the creditor can investigate control shareholders legal liabilities through the“corporate veil”to make creditor gain more forceful protection.certificate of incorporation公司注册证书登记执照，

29、a signed statement by the registrar of companies that a company is duly incorporatedboard of directors董事会 a board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. other names include board of governors, board of managers, board o

30、f regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors. it is often simply referred to as the board.memorandum of association公司章程 a legal document setting up a corporation either with or without limited liability and including the companys name, purpose, and duration.duty of care谨慎责任 a requirement that

31、 a person act toward others and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would. if a persons actions do not meet this standard of care, then the acts are considered negligent, and any damages resulting may be claimed in a lawsuit for

32、 pany formation成立公司 company formation is the term for the process of incorporation of a business in the uk. it is also sometimes referred to as company registration. these terms are both also used when incorporating a business in the republic of ireland. under uk company law and most i

33、nternational law a company or corporation is considered to be an entity that is separate from the people who own or operate the company.bonus奖金 a premium paid in addition to what is due or expectedliquidation清偿； 结算； 清算；1. the act of determining by agreement or by litigation the exact amount of somet

34、hing (as a debt or damages) that before was uncertain. 2. the act of settling a debt by payment or other satisfaction. 3. the act or process of converting assets into cash, esp. to settle debts.legal entity法律实体certificate of incorporation公司注册证登记执照，法人认可证，公司章程;a certificate of incorporation is a legal

35、 document relating to the formation of a company or corporation. it is a license to form a corporation issued by state government. its precise meaning depends upon the legal system in which it is used.statutory form法定形式as for the application materials that are complete and consistent with the statut

36、ory forms or that have been supplemented by the applicant in light of the relevant requirements, it shall acceptthem.memorandum of association公司章程，公会规约; the memorandum of association of a company, often simply called the memorandum (and then often capitalised as an abbreviation for the official name

37、, which is a proper noun and usually includes other words), is the document that governs the relationship between the company and the outside. it is one of the documents required to incorporate a company in the united kingdom, ireland, india, bangladesh, pakistan and sri lanka, and is also used in m

38、any of the common law jurisdictions of the commonwealth.authorized capital法定资本，额定资本，认可资本;nominal capital名义资本the par value of shares of stock a corporation has issued.articles of association公司章程执照;in corporate governance, a companys articles of association is a document which, along with the memorand

39、um of association form the companys constitution, defines the responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders exert control over the board of directors.bylaw内部规章制度，次要法规，（社、团制定的）规章制度; the official rules and regulations which govern a c

40、orporations management. drawn up at the time of incorporation, along with the charter.extraordinary gengral meeting特别大会an extraordinary general meeting, commonly abbreviated as egm, is a meeting of members of an organisation, shareholders of a company, or employees of an official body, which occurs

41、at an irregular time. the term is usually used where the group would ordinarily hold an annual general meeting (agm), but where an issue arises which requires the input of the entire membership and is too serious or urgent to wait until the next agm. members and/or shareholders must be informed of t

42、he purpose of the egm so that they may attend in a position where they can discuss and exercise intelligent judgment,otherwise any resolutions passed are invalid.annual general meeting (agm)年度（股东）大会，周年股东大会 an annual general meeting (commonly abbreviated as agm, also known as the annual meeting) is a

43、 meeting that official bodies, and associations involving the general public (including companies with shareholders), are often required by law (or the constitution, charter, by-laws etc. governing the body) to hold. an agm is held every year to elect the board of directors and inform their members

44、of previous and future activities. it is an opportunity for the shareholders and partners to receive copies of the companys accounts as well as reviewing fiscal information for the past year and asking any questions regarding the directions the business will take in the future.board of director董事会a

45、board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization.duty of care注意义务fiduciary duty诚信义务conflict of interest利益冲突balance sheet资产负债表profit-and-loss account损益类账户bonus issue红股，或 bonus sharecapitalisation issue资本化发行liquidation清算audito

46、r审计员director董事；经理指挥公司业务，构成董事会，为公司决策机构 board of directors主管；指导者；管理者 officerliquidatorn.清算人；清算事务管理人，亦称 receivermanaging director总经理，常务董事 someone who controls resources and expenditurespromote促进者；倡导者；推动者（公司等的）发起人，创办人推销商（议案的）提出者，提案人（古）刑事诉讼告发人（英）教会案件的上诉人proxy代理人；代表，尤用于公司法中授权授权委托书；代理委托书receiver涉讼财产管理人破产财产

47、管理人接受赃物者精神错乱的看管人shareholdern.股东；股票持有人share:股份份额unit 7contract law:contract formationaccelerationn.提前到期，加速到期 clause in a contract requiring the obligor to pay all or a part of a payable amount sooner than as agreed upon the occurrence of some event orcircumstance stated in the contract, usually failu

48、re to make payment.提前收益，提前批准assignmentn.(财产的)转让，让与 clause prohibiting or permitting assignment under certain conditions.n.让与证书、委托证书 n.(转让的)财产、权力等 v.转让confidentialityn.保密条款，机密，机密性 clause concerning the treating of information as private and not for distribution beyond specifically identified individu

49、als or organizations, nor usedother than for specifically identified purposes. n.可以信赖的品质，受到信任的能力considerationn.对价，约因 clause expressing the cause, motive, price or impelling motive which induces one party to enter into an agreement.n.考虑，体贴force majeuren.不可抗力 clause designed to protect against failure

50、s to perform contractual obligations caused by unavoidable events beyond the partys control, such as naturaldisasters or wars.liquidated damagesn.约定违约金，约定违约赔偿金 clause referring to an amount predetermined by the parties as the total amount of compensation a non-breaching party should receive ifthe ot

51、her party breaches a part of the contract.entire agreementn.完整条款 clause stating that the written terms of an agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreements because all such agreements have been consolidated intothe written document.severabilityn.（合同的）可分性 clause providing that, in the event

52、that one or more provisions of the agreement are declared unenforceable, the balance of the agreement remains inforce.terminationn. 结束 结局 终点 clause outlining when and under which circumstances the contract may be determined.payment of costsn. 诉 讼 费 的 缴 纳 clause setting out which party is responsible

53、 for payment of costs related to the preparation of the agreement and ancillary documents.express contractn.明示合同，明约 a contract whose clause is set clearly by both parties orally or in written form.implied contractn. 默 认 契 约 a contract which is set according to the behavior of two parties and the env

54、ironment during the formation of the contract, although there was no obviouswords presented.statute of fraudn.防止欺诈法英国 1677 年通过的一部制定法。该法由诺丁汉勋爵制定，原名为act of the prevention of frauds and perjuries，立法宗旨是在证据不发达的时代，当事人又无法提供合适证人的情况下，减少合同欺诈。real propertyn.不动产 property consisting of land or buildings.formatio

55、nn.订立，形成 the action of forming or process of forming of a contractthird-party beneficiary contractsn.第三人受益合同 a contract in which the person who get the benefit or compensation is another person rather than either partassignment of rightsn.权力的转让 a clause which regulates the change of the owner of a p

56、articular rightdelegation of dutiesn.责任的委托 to give certain duty or obligation to someone else other than two parties of the contract.delegaten.代表a person sent or authorized to represent others.vt委.任，托付assigneen.代理人，受托人 a person to whom a right or liability is legally transferred or a person appointed to act for another.illegality of the subject mattern.标的物的违法性 when either the subjec