机械加工工艺过程与加工方案(doc20页)

1、机械加工工艺过程与加工方案 （doc 20 页）第1章切削加工基础知识1.1切削加工概述切削 cutting;力口工 machining;金属切削 metal cutting (metal removal);金属切削工艺 metal-removal process;金属工艺学 technology of metals;机器制造 machine-building;机械加工machining;冷力口工 cold machining；热力口工 hot working;工件 workpiece;切屑chip;常见的加工方法 universal machining method;钻削 drilling;

2、舞削 boring;车削 turning；磨削 grinding;铳削 milling;刨削 planning;插削 slotting;铿 filing;划线 lineation;塞切 carving;锯 sawing;刮削 facing;钻孔 boring;攻丝tap;1.2零件表面构成及成形方法变形力 deforming force;变形 deformation;几何形状geometrical;尺寸 dimension ;精度 precision;表面光洁度surface finish;共施曲线 conjugate curve;范成法 generation method;轴 shaft;1

3、.3 机床的切削运动及切削要素主运动 main movement;主运动方向 direction of main movement;进给方向 direction of feed;进给运动 feed movement;合成进给运动 resultant movement of feed;合成切 削运动 resultant movement of cutting;合成切削运动方向 direction of resultant movement of cutting ; 切削速度 cutting speed;传动 drive/transmission;切削用量 cutting parameters;切

4、削速度 cutting speed;切削深度depth of cut;进给速度feed force;切削功率 cutting power;1.4 金属切削刀具合金工具钢alloy tool steel;高速钢 high-speed steel;硬质合金hard alloy;易力口工 ease of manufacturing ;切削刀具cutting tool;刀具 cutter;车刀 lathe tool;主切削刃 main cutting edge;副切削刃 assistant cutting edge;刀体 tool body ;刀柄 tool shank;前刀面rake face;主后

5、刀面major flank;刀尖 nose of tool;主剖面系 tool orthogonal plane system;切削平面 tool cutting edge plane;主剖面 tool orthogonal plane;切削宽度 width of the uncut chip;进给平面系 assumed working plane system;加工表面 transient surface;前角 rake angle;后角 clearance angle;主偏角 tool cutting edge angle;刀尖角 nose angle;1.5 刀具切削过程及磨削机理塑性变

6、形 plastic distortion;微观组织，显微结构microstructure ;切削力 cutting force;切削温度 cutting temperature;积屑瘤 built-up edge;刀尖磨损nose wear;月牙洼crater;残留应力 residual stress;应力 stress;硬度 rigidity;磨削 grinding;砂轮 grinding wheel;磨粒grain;剪切shear;摩擦 friction;内力 internal force ;1.6 L8切削加工质量、材料的切削加工性、切削液的选择加工精度 machining accura

7、cy;表面质量 surface finish;工艺性能 technological performance;材料切削加工性指标 machinability index of material;切削液 cutting fluid ;切削油 cutting oil;1.9 件的装夹及夹具定位梢dowel;定位 allocation;机床夹具jig；组装线 Assembly line;机械零件 mechanical parts;钳工 locksmith；精力工 finish machining;粗力工 rough machining;气动夹紧pneuma-lock;同心,同心度concentrici

8、ty ;垂直度 perpendicular;基准 benchmark;基准线 reference line;夹具 fixture;通用夹具 universal fixture;专用夹具 Fixture for special purpose;可调夹具 adjustable fixture;组合夹具 modular fixture;工序 process;设计基准 designing datum;工艺基准 datum features in process;1.10 金属切削机床机床 machine tool;机床运动 motion of machine;机床型号 machine tool mod

9、el;机床力口工精度 machining accuracy of machine tool;车床lathe;普通车床engine lathe;卧式车床 horizontal lathe;立式车床 vertical lathe;钻床 drill press;镜床 boring machine;铳床 milling machine;磨床 grinder (grinding machine);牛头刨床shaper;龙门刨床planer;插床 slotting machine (slotter);第2章常用加工方法综述及加工方案选择一、 车削车削 turning;车刀 lathe tool;车床lat

10、he ;普通车床engine lathe;卧式车床horizontal lathe;立式车床 vertical lathe;仿形车床 duplicating lathe (copy lathe);转塔车床turret lathe;细长轴 long slender shaft纵向车削 straight turning;锥体车削 taper turning;仿形车削 contour turning;端面车削facing;回转表面 surface of revolution;平面 flat surface;圆面 round surface;仿形表面 contoured surface ;退刀槽rec

11、ess ;卡盘chuck;尾架 tailstock;床头箱，主轴箱headstock;销 pin;卡箍 bar clasp;花盘 faceplate;主轴 spindle;二、钻削钻削 drilling;钻床 drill press;钻头drill;钩孔 counter boring;内表面 internal surface ;钱孔、扩孔reaming;攻丝 tapping;孔力口工 spot facing machining;钱 ream;较刀 reamer;盲孔 blind hole;麻花钻 twist drill;埋头孔 countersink;锥柄 taper shank;键削bore

12、;镇床 boring machine;键杆 boring bar;纵向键削 straight boring;表面光洁度surface finish;卧式键孔机 horizontal boring machine;四、铳削铳削mill;铳床 milling machine ;铳刀 milling cutter;缝 Slot;槽 groove;平面 flat surface;圆面 round surface ;仿形表面 contoured surface;周铳 Peripheral milling ;端铳 face milling; multi model miller;靠模铳床；copy mil

13、ling machine;仿形铳床；contouring machine;五、磨削 磨削 grinding;磨床 grinder (grinding machine);外圆磨削 external grinding;内圆磨削 internal grinding(cylindrical grinding);平面磨削 plane grinding abrasive;外圆磨床 cylindrical grinding machine;平面磨床 surface grinder;外圆磨床 cylindrical grinding machine ;内圆磨床 internal cylindrical mac

14、hine;成形磨床 form grinding machine;仿形磨床 copy grinding machine ;六、拉削 拉削 broaching;拉床 broaching machine;拉刀 broaching tool;外表面拉削 external surface broaching;内表面拉削 internal surface broaching;多功能机床 multifunction machine;多齿刀具 multitooth tool;切屑槽 chip gullet;七、刨削刨削 planning;牛头刨床shaper;龙门刨床planer;龙门刨削planning;旋

15、臂刨床 radial drilling machine ;仿形刨床 copy shaping machine;八、齿轮加工齿轮加工 gear machining;齿轮gear;滚齿 gear hobbing;滚齿刀 hobbing cutter;直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear;斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear;直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear ;齿轮齿条 pinion and rack;蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear;九、螺纹加工螺纹加工 thread machining;螺纹切削 thread cutting

16、;攻丝 tapping;丝锥tap;板牙die;螺钉screw;标准件 standard component;位移 displacement; 截面 section;十、光整加工 光整加工 micro finishing;研磨 mull (lapping);研磨剂 lapping compound;研磨膏paste;研磨机床 lapping machine 基准重合 consistency of datum feature;抛光polishing ;抛光膏buffing cream;抛光轮 polishing wheel;抛光机polisher;鲂磨 honing ;布磨轮 honing wh

17、eel;布磨机床 honing machine;超精加工机床 superfinishing machine;超精加工superfinish;第3章机械加工工艺过程机械加工工艺过程machining process;工步 step of an operation;工位 work station;工序 process;工艺文件 manufacturing process document;工艺卡片 technological card;工艺规程process plan;机械加工工艺卡 machining process sheet;工艺设计 technological design;设计基准 de

18、signing datum;工艺基准 datum features in process;基面统一原则 united datum principle;机械加工工序卡 machining operation sheet;工艺过程设计process planning;工艺路线 process route;工艺过程卡process sheet;产品规格 product specification;产品用途product use;产品责任 product liability;生产线 production line;生产进度计划 production schedule;生产率 productivity;

19、批量生产 batch production;第4章切削加工零件结构工艺性切削 cutting;力口工 machining;工件 workpiece;零件part;毛坯rough;工艺性能 processing property;装配结构的合理性 rationality of assembly structure;零件结构合理性 rationality of detail structure;标准化 standardization;第5章先进制造技术先进制造技术 Advanced Manufacturing Technology;信息技术 information Technology;产品 pr

20、oduct;设计 design；力口工 machining;检测check;管理 manage;销售sell;使用use;服务serve;回收 reclaim;计算机集成制造系统 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS);智能制造系统 Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS);精密工程 precise engineering;成组技术 group technology;方式(法)methodology;柔性制造系统 Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS);数控机床 nume

21、rically controlled machine tool;加工中心 Machining Center (MC);计算机数字控制 computerized numerical control (CNC);自动换刀装置 automatic tool changer (ATC);直接数字控制 Direct numerical control (DNC);分布式数字控制 Distributed numerical control (DNC);群控DNC;单机自动化 stand-alone automatization ;自动机床 Automatic machine;组合机床 combinatio

22、n machine;专用机床 special machine;NC 钻床 NC drilling machine ;NC 磨床 NC grinding machine ;NC 车床 NC lathe ;卧式加工制造中心horizontal machine center;立式加工制造中心vertical machine center;车间 shop floor;库存 inventory;工艺 process;分类 classiHcation;编码系统 coding system;零件外型 part configuration;工艺规划 process planning;单元式制造 cellula

23、r manufacturing;小车维修站 Cart maintenance station;零件清洗站 Parts wash station;装卸站 Unload station;回收系统 Recovery system;小车转弯站 Cart turnaround station； 集成化 integration ;协调 tradeoff;成族零件 family-of-part;换刀装置Tool changer;机床控制装置 machine control unit;组装线 Assembly line;第6章先进制造运行模式先进制造运行模式 Advanced Manufacturing Op

24、eration Model;计算机集成制造系统 Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS);精益生产(LP亦称精良生产)Lean Production;敏捷制造 Agile Manufacturing (AM);绿色制造 Green Manufacturing;计算机辅助设计 Computer Aided Design(CAD);计算机辅助制造 Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM);计算机辅助工艺过程设计 Computer Aided process planning(CAPP);物料需求计划 Material

25、 Requirements Planning (MRP);计算机辅助教育 Computer Aided Education (CAE);虚拟制造 Virtual Manufacturing(VM);并行工程 Concurrent Engineering (CE);面向装配的设计 Design For Assembly(DFA);面向制造的设计 Design For Manufacturing(DFM);第7章特种加工特种加工（NTM） Nontraditional Manufacturing;一、电火花加工 电火花加工 spark-erosion machining;电火花线切割加工 elec

26、trical discharge wire - cutting;电火花穿孔 spark-erosion drilling;电火花雕刻 spark-erosion carving;二、电解加工 电解加工 Electrolytic machining;、超声波加工超声波加工 Ultrasonic machining; 变幅杆 Transducer nose ;铜垫Copper washer;放大刀具夹持器Amplifying tool holder ;超声波振动 Ultrasonic vibration;银钎焊 Sliver braze;仿形刀具Shaped tool;蜡焊缝Wax weld ;支

27、持材料 Backup material;磨料悬浮液Abrasive slurry;吸入管 Suction line ;四、激光加工激光加工 Laser processing;激光束加工 Laser beam machining ;激光切割 laser cutting ;激光打孔 laser drilling;激光焊接 laser welding;金属切削metal cutting 机床 machine tool金属工艺学 technology of metals刀具cutter摩擦friction联结传动linkdrive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity 误差

28、 error响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具jig拉伸 pulling剪切扭转 强度 精度压缩 hitting shear twist intensity precision正弦形的sinusoid 交流电路AC circuit 机械力口工余量 machining allowance 硬度 rigidity 反馈 feedback 外圆磨削 external grinding 内圆磨削 internal grinding 平面磨削 plane grinding 变速箱gearbox；合器 clutch 绞孔 fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工 thread pro

29、cessing螺钉screw铳削mill铳刀 milling cutter功率power工件 workpiece主运动 main movement主运动方向 direction of main movement 进给方向 direction of feed进给运动feed movement切削深度cutting depth 前刀面rake face 刀尖 nose of tool 前角 rake angle 后角 clearance angle 主轴 spindle 主轴箱headstock 卡盘chuck 力口工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床lathe钻

30、削链削bore车削磨床基准钳工装配 铸造 加工 液压 介质 阀门turning grinder benchmark locksmith assembling found machining hydraulic pressure mediumvalve载荷应力螺纹螺旋loadstress thread helix键 spline 销pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧spring联轴器coupling链 chain皮带strap精力口工 finish machining 粗力口工 rough machining 变速箱体 gearbox ca

31、sing 腐饨rust磨损wear耐用度 durability挡板orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒sleeve扭力 torsion过盈配合 interference fit 倒角 rounding chamfer伺服电机 actuating motor铳床 milling machine钻床 drill machine像床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly电火花力口工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工electrical dis