翻译实例《妊娠风险评估与干预案例评析》

1、翻译实例翻译实例妊娠风险评估与干预案例评析妊娠风险评估与干预案例评析Case Study of Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Intervention孕产期保健服务包括孕前、孕期、分娩期、产褥期全程系统保健服务。o The whole-course maternal health care service system includes the segments of health care carried out in preconception, pregnancy, delivery and postpartum periods.oThe whole mat

2、ernal healthcare service system includes healthcare service in preconception, pregnancy, delivery and postpartum periods.2. （2）根据每次复诊检查结果，按照妊娠风险预警评估分类表对所有孕妇进行动态评估及相应治疗，做好报告、转会诊和随访等工作； o1.3.2.2 Collect the results of prenatal examinations performed in each visit. According to the Assessment and Class

3、ification Form of Early Pregnancy Risk Warning, assess all the pregnant women in dynamic and treat them accordingly. It is also important to do well in reporting the pregnant womens health condition, o改译为：based on the results of each return check, to give a dynamic assessment and proper treatment fo

4、r all the pregnant women, making a report, transferral, consultation and follow-up visits, etc. in accordance with the Assessment and Classification Form of Pregnancy Risk Warning 分娩是一个特殊而关键的生理过程，需加强对孕产妇和胎儿健康情况分娩是一个特殊而关键的生理过程，需加强对孕产妇和胎儿健康情况的全面了解，加强全产程监护，积极预防和处理分娩期并发症，保护的全面了解，加强全产程监护，积极预防和处理分娩期并发症，保护

5、和支持自然分娩。内容包括：和支持自然分娩。内容包括： oDelivery, as a unique and essential physiological process, needs comprehensive understanding of the health conditions of both the pregnant woman and the fetus, the monitoring on the whole process of delivery, preventing and treating delivery complications, and protecting

6、and supporting the natural childbirth. The items are as follows:oAs delivery is a unique and essential physiological process, we need full understanding of the health conditions of both the pregnant woman and the fetus. It is necessary to monitor the whole process of delivery, prevent and treat deli

7、very complications, and protect and support natural childbirth. The items are as follows:o 接诊时详细阅读产前检查记录o Read the record of previous prenatal examinations in detail;o to read the record of prenatal examinations carefully on receiving the case （2）指导产妇正确对待宫缩和阵痛，保持乐观情绪，多次、少量进）指导产妇正确对待宫缩和阵痛，保持乐观情绪，多次、少

8、量进食，勤排尿；少平卧食，勤排尿；少平卧,多采用自由体位；采用呼吸、按摩等非药物性镇多采用自由体位；采用呼吸、按摩等非药物性镇痛方法，必要时可采用药物镇痛；痛方法，必要时可采用药物镇痛；oGuide the puerpera to be positive towards contractions and pains, eat less but more frequently, urinate more often; freely choose the body posture which puerpera is comfortable with instead of lying on the

9、back; use other non-medication techniques to relieve pain, such as focused breathing and massage. Medication should be administered if necessary.o1.5.2.2 to guide the puerpera to be positive towards uterine contraction and pain, keep optimistic mood, have small frequent meals, urinate more often, ch

10、oose free posture more often instead of prostration; to relieve pain by some non-medication techniques like focused breathing and massage, and by medication if necessary. 产后家庭访视Visits after deliveryHome visit after deliveryo新生儿o1.6.2.2 For infant:o了解新生儿出生孕周、出生体重、有无窒息或黄疸、计划免疫、出院后的喂养、睡眠、大小便、新生儿听力和代谢性疾

11、病筛查结果等情况；o to inquire about the gestational weeks, birth weight, whether havingMS1 a asphyxia or jaundice at birth, vaccination, and conditions about MS2 feeding, sleep, urination, defecation, screening of metabolic diseases and hearing and results of after dischargeMS3 ;o划线部分均应删除，这种情况、结果都无需翻译的，abou

12、t就有了，而after discharge MS3更多此一举，因为前面题目就是“产后家访”区（县）妇幼保健专业机构在收到孕情报告后应当于区（县）妇幼保健专业机构在收到孕情报告后应当于2个工作日内负责落实孕个工作日内负责落实孕情的分发，按照本市户籍孕妇由户籍地所在社区卫生服务机构负责管理，外地情的分发，按照本市户籍孕妇由户籍地所在社区卫生服务机构负责管理，外地户籍由居住地所在社区卫生服务机构负责管理的原则，将本区县管理的孕情直户籍由居住地所在社区卫生服务机构负责管理的原则，将本区县管理的孕情直接转至社区卫生服务机构，外区县管理的孕情转至外区（县）妇幼保健专业机接转至社区卫生服务机构，外区县管理的

13、孕情转至外区（县）妇幼保健专业机构。构。 oAfter receiving the report, the districts or countys professional maternal healthcare institutions should distribute the pregnancy cases in（within) two working days. In its own administrative district, the case should be transferred directly to the health service institution wi

14、thin the household register community and in non-local register cases, to the corresponding professional health care institutions of their residence community.o According to the administering principles of pregnancy case, the case of Shanghai residents should be transferred directly to the health se

15、rvice institution of their household registered community and the case of non-Shanghai residents should be transferred to the professional maternal and child health institutions of their residence district or county.5、分娩区：要创造条件逐步将分别设立待产室、产房和休养室的模式改为“三室合一”的模式。 o 3.4.5 Delivery section. The labor room

16、, delivery room and rest room will gradually integrate into one if conditions permit.o 3.4.5 Delivery zone: The labor room, delivery room and recuperation room should bet1 gradually integrated into one.o t1应被动态2、应与所承担各级助产医疗机构助产师人员的配备的业务量相适应。、应与所承担各级助产医疗机构助产师人员的配备的业务量相适应。同时至少配备孕产期健康教育人员同时至少配备孕产期健康教育人

17、员1名。产科初诊、重点孕妇门诊分名。产科初诊、重点孕妇门诊分别配备产科主治及以上职称的医师别配备产科主治及以上职称的医师1-2名。名。o4.1.2 The number of personnel of midwifery medical institutions at all levels should be corresponding to the number of clients. And there should be at least one maternal education person. Obstetric clinic and key maternity clinic sh

18、ould have 1 to 2 attending or superior physicians.o4.1.2 The midwifery medical institutions at all levels should have adequate midwives corresponding to volume of the clients，and have at least one person for maternal education. There should be 1 or 2 attending physicians or the physicians with highe

19、r technical titles for pregnant womens first visit and special-care pregnant womens clinic. o “主治及以上职称的医师主治及以上职称的医师”的翻译的翻译attending physicians or the physicians with higher technical titles；o 简略版简略版1：attending (or above) physicianso 简略版简略版2：attending physicians or with higher titles5、各级助产医疗机构的新生儿听力筛

20、查工作必须由专人负责。从事、各级助产医疗机构的新生儿听力筛查工作必须由专人负责。从事筛查和诊断的人员必须具备医师以上职称，操作人员必须具备护师以筛查和诊断的人员必须具备医师以上职称，操作人员必须具备护师以上职称，并经专业培训，经考核合格后持证上岗。上职称，并经专业培训，经考核合格后持证上岗。o4.1.5 The hearing screening of newborns at midwifery medical institutions at all levels must be undertaken by specialists. The physician and operator in

21、charge of screening and diagnosis must be qualified with professional training and certificates (physician and nurse practitioner or of higher level).o4.1.5 Midwifery medical institutions at all levels should have specially-assigned staff in charge of the hearing screening and diagnosis of newborns.

22、 The physician or above the technical title may make the hearing screening and diagnosis. The operator must be a 护师or above the technical title. They are all licensed after professional training and examination. （6）孕产妇死亡的问责管理：评审结果由各级卫生行政部门向相关医疗机构）孕产妇死亡的问责管理：评审结果由各级卫生行政部门向相关医疗机构进行反馈进行反馈, 责成医疗机构对明显违反相

23、关规定的人员给予批评教育及相应处理，责成医疗机构对明显违反相关规定的人员给予批评教育及相应处理，同时针对产科重点问题或薄弱环节开展分层分类培训。对发生同时针对产科重点问题或薄弱环节开展分层分类培训。对发生、类孕产妇类孕产妇死亡的区县卫生行政部门和医疗机构进行告诫谈话、问责管理。死亡的区县卫生行政部门和医疗机构进行告诫谈话、问责管理。o3.2.3.6 Accountability management t1 of maternal death: The health administrative departments at all levels shall feed the results b

24、ack to the related medical institutions, urge them to give criticism, education and punishment to the staff who violate the provisions obviously, and conduct classifying training aiming at the key problems or weakness in obstetrical service. t2 Give verbal warnings or implement accountability in the

25、 district/county health administrative department and medical institutions where maternal death of Type I or Type II occurs.o t1最好删除o t2缺主语，但主语是谁？并不是前面的主语，根据内容应是市卫生行政部门？应加上主语否则文法文理都不通o 市级评审可由市级围产儿死亡评审专家组承担。o Municipal review shall be carried out by municipal expert review group of perinatal infants

26、death.o The municipal review shall be made by the municipal reviewing group consisting of experts famous for perinatal infant death.（3）评定类别）评定类别类类 可以避免：有明显处理不当造成死亡。可以避免：有明显处理不当造成死亡。类类 创造条件可以避免：限于当时医疗设备及技术水平，如经努力可能避免死亡。创造条件可以避免：限于当时医疗设备及技术水平，如经努力可能避免死亡。类类 不可避免：根据目前医疗设备及技术水平是无法避免的死亡。不可避免：根据目前医疗设备及技术水平

27、是无法避免的死亡。 oType Avoidable: The death was due to obvious misconduct.oType Avoidable on favorable conditions: The death was due to the limited medical equipments and professional skills【1】at that time, which can be avoided by making an effort.oType Unavoidable: The death is unavoidable even with 【2】th

28、e most advanced medical equipment and 【3】excellent professional skills.o【1】at the time, which, however, can be avoided by efforts.o【2】current o 【3】删除3、采用产科主任研讨会、专题讲座等多种形式，针对质量检查和评、采用产科主任研讨会、专题讲座等多种形式，针对质量检查和评审发现的问题和需推广的适宜技术开展专题培训和继续教育。审发现的问题和需推广的适宜技术开展专题培训和继续教育。 o4.1.3 Carry out special trainings an

29、d continuing education to handle problems detected in quality inspection and review and to promote appropriate medical technology in the forms of seminars or symposium for obstetric directors.o4.1.3 to carry out targeted trainings and continuing education, in the forms of seminars or symposium of ob

30、stetrical directors, based on the problems detected in the quality inspection and review and on the promotion of appropriate medical technology.我们始终坚信呵护生命，即全程保健管理；尊重生命，即保健与临床结合；顺我们始终坚信呵护生命，即全程保健管理；尊重生命，即保健与临床结合；顺应正常生理过程，即自然分娩；拯救生命，即一旦出现高危孕妇将不惜代价全应正常生理过程，即自然分娩；拯救生命，即一旦出现高危孕妇将不惜代价全力救治等以人为本的理念。力救治等以人为本

31、的理念。 o We are convinced that safeguarding life means whole course of healthcare management, that respect for life means to combine healthcare with clinical treatment, that going with normal physiological process means natural delivery and that saving life means to bring high-risk pregnant women out

32、of critical condition at any cost under human-oriented principle. 在总结年在总结年母亲安全母亲安全项目经验时认为：项目经验时认为：“高危管理并非降低孕产妇死亡率的有效高危管理并非降低孕产妇死亡率的有效措施，强调孕产妇本身就是一组高危人群，每一例妊娠和分娩都面临着危险，与其投入措施，强调孕产妇本身就是一组高危人群，每一例妊娠和分娩都面临着危险，与其投入大量精力、物力去研究高危评分标准的敏感性和特异性，还不如努力提高医疗保健工作大量精力、物力去研究高危评分标准的敏感性和特异性，还不如努力提高医疗保健工作者的服务技术和管理水平者的服务

33、技术和管理水平”。会议提出了需要改进识别重点孕妇的方法和管理流程。会议提出了需要改进识别重点孕妇的方法和管理流程。 oAfter having examined the 10 years research results of the Mothers Safety Project, there was agreement at the conference that high-risk management had not been an effective measure to reduce maternal mortality, that it was unwise to invest h

34、uge amounts of efforts and resources to research on the sensitivity and specificity of high-risk scoring, regarding pregnant women as a high-risk group and each pregnancy and labor as hazardous, and that what is wise and worth doing is to strengthen medical practitioners service and management techniques. At the conference improvements of methods for and management processes of identifying special-care pregnant women were also proposed.在总结年在总结年母亲安全母亲安全项目经验时认为：项目经验时认为：“高危管理并非降低孕产妇死亡率的有效高危管理并非降低孕产妇死亡率的有效措施，强调孕产妇本身就是一组高危人群，每一例妊娠和分娩都面临着危险，与其投入措施，强调孕产妇本身就是一组高危人群，每一例妊娠和分娩都面临着危险，与其投入大量精力