倒装句用法归纳.doc

1、.一部分倒装1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中， never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, nolonger, nowhere 等含有否定意义副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分装：I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him.我永远不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen t

2、o music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the pla

3、ne took off. 我们刚到机场 ,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1) 对于 notuntil 句型，当 not until位 于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didn t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under

4、no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会1/16.再借钱给他了。但是， in no time(立即，马上 )位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。2. “ only+状语 ”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only 的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it

5、well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3.“so+adj. / adv.位于句”首时的倒装副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

6、So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape袭.击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4.“so+助动词 +主语 ”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“ So+助动词 +主语 ”这种倒装结构：2/16.You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将

7、其中的 so 改为 neither 或 nor：You aren t young and neither am你I.不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have她I没.有读它，我也没有读。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的 “so+主语 +特殊动词 ”结构的区别：It was cold yesterday. So it was.昨天很冷。 ”“的确很冷。 ”Father, you promised. Well, so I did.爸“爸，你答应过的。 ”“嗯，是答应过。 ”5. 由 not onlybut also引出的倒装当 not only but

8、also位于句首引出句子时， not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有 had, were, should等时，如将 if 省略，则要将 had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：3/16.Had you come ye

9、sterday, you would have seen him若.你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if 后提前的 had 不一定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。二完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here 和 there 位于句首时的倒装表示地点的 here 和 there 位于

10、句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be 和 come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Here s Tom汤.姆在这里。There s Jim吉.姆在那儿。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词 come 和 go 不能用进行时态，即不能说Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。 / 我来了。4/16.Here it come

11、s. 它来了。(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是 stand, lie, live 等表示状态的动词 (表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。2. away 和 down 等位于句首时的倒装地点副词 away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the run

12、ners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went. 他跑远了。Down it came. 它掉了下来。3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people w

13、as his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着5/16.一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、 过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Bur

14、ied in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。涉及 only 的倒装及考题分析按英语习惯同，当“only+状语 ”位于句首时， 其后句子要用部分倒装。 如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this wa

15、y are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。6/16.Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only after her death was I able to appreciate her.只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时 ,才

16、知道出了什么事。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerousthe situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点，我同意你的说法。【典型考题】1. Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A. she real

17、ized B. she had realizedC. had she realized D. did she realize2. Only after my friend came _.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired特别说明：不是利用位于句首的“only+状语 ”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only 的选择。：_ by keeping down costs will Power

18、 Data hold its advantage overother companies.A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet涉及副词 so 的两类常考倒装这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：1. 当副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。如：7/16.So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。So sud

19、den was the attack that we had no time to escape袭.击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“ So+助动词 +主语 ”这种倒装结构。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【典型考题】1. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decid

20、ed to ask Tom for advice.A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found2. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious3. It

21、s burning hot today, isnYes.t it?yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it特别说明：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的 so 改为 neither 或 nor。如：You aren t young and neither am你I.不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have她I没.有读它，我也没有读。8/16.考题 (答案选 D)：Mary never does any reading in the e

22、vening, _.A. so does John B. John does tooC. John doesn t too D. nor does John(2) 注意 “So+助动词 +主语 ”与表示强调或同意的 “So+主语 +助动词 ”的区别。如：“ It was cold yesterday.” “昨So天it很was冷。. ”“的确“很冷。 ”考题 (答案分别为 CD) ：1. Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. _, and so did I. A. So she had B. So had she C. So she did D.

23、So did she2.Father, you promised! Well, _. But it was you who didntkeep your word first.A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did倒装句中的主谓一致在“副词 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语谓语动词主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如：On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。On the wall hangs

24、 a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。Such is the result. 结果就是这样。Such are the results. 这就是结果。副词后的倒装here 和 there 之后以及诸如back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词9/16.之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租

25、车来了 ! 最后一班火车开走了 ! (注意这里不可用进行时)Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑了起来。当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be 之后 (主语往往是复数)。如：Here s a cup of tea for you给.你一杯茶。 (给东西 )Here s your letters这.儿有你的信。 (给与或指明 )There 重s(读 ) Johnny smith. 约翰尼 史密斯在那儿。 (确定位置 )主语如是代词则不倒装。如：Here it comes. 它来了。There she goes. 她走了

26、。Up it went. 它上去了。Here you are. 给你。There she is. 她在那儿。地点状语后的倒装地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词(如 lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如 come, go, rise)，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的10/16.士兵们。别的动词如属被动语态也

27、可以倒装。In the distance could be seen the purple mountains.远处可以见到紫色的山。主语如是代词则不能倒装：At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。否定副词之后的倒装否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom)，或是具有否定作用的副词，如little, on no account 等。如：Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb这

28、.么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未/很少 /有过。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用正常词序：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb从.未 /很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizes how im

29、portant this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。 如：11/16.In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。On no accounts must this switch be touched这.个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。Under

30、 no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。No way will I go on working for that man.我不再给那个人工作了。涉及 not onlybut also 的部分倒装not onlybut also前后 连接两个句子时， not only 后的句子要用部分倒装，但 but also 后的分句不用倒装。如：Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but)

31、 she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of We

32、stern brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。12/16.类似 So / Neither do I 的部分倒装so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so /neither / nor+特殊词 +主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：内容是肯定时，用 so，内容是否定时，用neither 或 nor； “特殊词 ”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或 be 相同，或根据前句的时态， 用 do, does, did；“特殊词 ”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；“特殊词 ”本身没有否定形式。如：You are y

33、oung and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。You aren t young and neither am你I.不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have她I没.有读它，我也没有读。涉及 sothat 的部分倒装在 so. that 结 构中，若将 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：So cold was the weather that we had

34、to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他13/16.讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape袭.击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。类似地，当 suchthat 结构的 such 置于句首时， such 后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语 (多为介词短语 )置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语