小学英语笔记

1、小学英语笔记一.英语国际音标元音音素：20个单元音：/ a/ ?2动词第三称单数形式的变化规那么：1一般动词后加“ s，get-gets,look-looks2以 s,x,ch,sh 结 尾 的 动 词 后 加“es ,guess guesses ,watch watches,wash washes3 以 “o 结尾的动词加“ es ,do does,go goes4以“y结尾的动词 元音字母+y,直接加“ s：play plays 辅音+y,去掉y,再加“ ies : fly flies5 have第三人称单数：has3现在分词的变化规那么即动词+ing1一 般动词后 +ing: liste

2、 n liste ning2 以不发音e结尾的动词，去掉e,再加ing:make maki ng ,come coming practice practic ing特殊：see see in g,be being3重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加ing:run runnin g,get gett ing ,put putt ing ,swim swimmi ng ,sit sitt in g,cut cutt in g,stop stopp ing ,shop shopp in g, begi n beg inning ,forget forgett ing4动词过式的变化规那么：1 一般动

3、词后加 ed :walk walked, help helped2以 e 结尾直接加 d: use used,live lived3以y结尾的动词：i. 元音字母，直接 +ed,play playedii.辅音字母 +y,去掉 y,再力口 ied,carry carried4 重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加ed.stop stopped,shop shopped,drop dropped,clap clapped动词过去式不规那么形式：am/is was,are were,do/does did,have/has had,gowen t,write wrote,come came,sees

4、aw,ride rode, drink dran k,eat ate,si ng san g,sit sat,say said,break broke,get got,forget forgot,r un ran, swim swam, sweep swept,fall fell,take took,feel felt,make made,sendsen t,buy bought,bri ng brought,fi nd foun d,fly flew tell told,teach taught,catch caught,draw drew, give gave,meetmet,k now

5、kn ew,lose lost,smell smelt, sleep slept,beg in bega n,th ink thought,hold held 动词与动词过去式一样cut cut,put put ,read read,let let,hurt hurt,三.数词基数词序数词缩写形式onefirst1sttwosecond 2ndthreethird3rdfourfourth4thfivefifth5thsixsixth6thseve nseve nth 7theighteighth8thninenin th9thtenten th10theleve neleve nth 11t

6、htwelve twelfth 12thtwenty twen tieth 20thsttwenty-one twen ty-first 21百位数：用and连接(百位与十位)101: a hundred and one112: one hun dred and twelve 千位数：千-百-(and)-十位-个位1235: one thousand two hundred and thirty-five1. 基数词变序数词的顺口溜基变序，有规律，词尾加上th ;一，二，三特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d ； 八减t,九减e,f来把ve替，单词ty结尾，ty变成tie，假设是碰到 几十几，只变个位就

7、可以。2. 时间表达方法：a half 一半 a quarter 十五分past和to表示“几点几分的用法：A:分钟数在30分钟内：分钟数+past+钟点数，表示“几点过几分 女口： 9： 20=twenty past nineB:分钟数超过30分钟：60-分钟数+to +下一个钟点数。 表示“差几分几点如: 9 : 50 差 10 分 10 点：ten to ten3. 年月曰两种表达方法2021 , 1, 10 January the 10th,2021the tenth of Jan uary ,2021四.冠词? A. a B. an C. the D . / 零冠词? a/an不定冠

8、词,表泛指+可数名词单数A. a + 辅音音素 a book a table a useful book / ju:/B: an + 元音音素元音：a e i o u /ju:/an umbrella /?/ an hour /au/ an honest boy /? /一个老实的男孩There is a U in the world useful .There is an “ F in the world farmer .an a / e / i / o / f / h / l / m / n / r / s / xC:定冠词the1. 表特指 The man in red is my te

9、acher .2. 名词第二次出现 This is an English book .The book is mine .3. 乐器类名词前 play the piano play the violin4. 形容词最高级前the tallest boy5. 序数词前 the first第一 the seco nd第二 the third第三6. the +姓s the Smiths史密斯一家人 或 史密斯夫妇7. 世界独一无二的名词 the son the moon the earth8. the + 特定的开容词，表示一类人the rich 富有的人the old老人D.零冠词1. 球类，棋

10、类名词前不用冠词play football play chess2. 三餐 have breakfast have lunch have supper3. 固定搭配 at night 晚上at n oo n中午4. 季节、月份、星期前不加冠词五形容词? 1.概念?用来表述人或物的特征的词。? 2.用法? 1形容词+名词? 2be动词+形容词? 3感官类动词系动词look看起来，sou nd听起来，smell闻起来,taste尝起来,feel感觉+形容词? 3.形容词原级、比拟级、最高级1一般形容词直接加er，est? small-smaller-smallest2以字母e结尾的单词直接加r，s

11、t? large-larger-largest3重读闭音节结尾的双写结尾辅音字母再加er或est 辅音+元音+辅音? fat-fatter-fattest，thin-thinner-thinnest4辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加er或esthappy-happier-happiest5不规那么变化? good/well-better-best? many/much-more-most? ill 病的/badbadly-worse-worst? little少的-less-least6多音节的形容词，在前面直接加 more或most? beautiful ， more beautiful ，

12、 most beautiful一些副词： slowly-more slowly-most slowly4.形容词比拟级和最高级的用法1比拟级用于两者的比拟根本的句式：aWhich,or Which is bigger ,an elepha nt or a hippobbe+比拟级+than+其它I m taller than you2最高级的用法，用于三者或三者以上的比拟构成：the +最高级+表示范围内的短语in,ofI am the shortest in my class .He is the oldest of the three boys .Who is the youn gest

13、Tony Je nny or Lisa最高级之前一定加上“the 3原级：不比拟，只说特征asas +形容词原级 +as ，与一样,not asas expe nsive as 一样贵 as tall as 一样高六. 句型转换1陈述句改一般疑问句变化规那么a. 句子中有be动词(is ,are,was,were )把be动词放在句 首，其余照写。b. 句子中有(must,can ,could,will,would等情态动词)，把can ,will放在句首，其余照写。c. “I am 改为“ Are you ,“I was 改“ Were you改 any, I 改 you,my 改 your

14、d. 句子中有行为动词，借助动词do ,does,did放句首，Do/Does/Did+主语+动原+其它一般疑问句有两种答复1. 肯定答复：yes,否认答复：no2. 特殊情况： a:Is this Yes,it is .(V) Yes, this is . (x)b:Is that No,it isn t . ( V) No,that isn t. ( x)后面接物用it,后面接人用he/she Are these Yes,these are . (x)Are those Yes,those are . (x)答复一律用 yes,they are ./No ,they aren t . Is

15、 there (有吗)Yes,there is ./No,there isn t.t.Are there Yes, there aren t./No,there aren Are you答复:Yes, I am ./No ,1 am not.Yes,we are./No,we aren t. Were you 答复:Yes,I was ./No,I wasn t.Yes,we were ./No,we weren t.常见缩写：is no t=is nt are no t=are nt can not=can t was not=wasn twere not=weren tdo no t=d

16、ont does not=doesn twill no t=w ont should no t=should n2. 特殊疑冋句构成：疑问词+ 般疑问句形式What问物体、职业、名字，what+grade 年级class班级color 颜色day星期time时间how问身体健康方面 问有关交能工具 问程度形容词how ma ny多少+可数名词复数+般疑问句how much：how much 多少+不可数句词+般疑问句 多少钱how often 多久一次how long 多长时间how far 多远how heavy多重how old多少岁问年龄why为什么原因who谁where问地方which

17、哪一个 whose谁的划线局部是物主代词、名词所有格构成：a:Whose+名词+ 一般疑问句B:Whose+ 般疑问句this,that ,these,those开头的句型可以用两种形式，其余只能用形式a问职业的句子What are you =What do you doWhat is he =What does he do3. 陈述句变否认句的变化规那么1 .在 be 动词am,is,are,was,were 直接加上 not .2. 在must,can ,could,will,would等情态动词后面直接加 not.3. some改 any4. 句子中有行为动词，借助动词do/does/d

18、id+not+ 动词原形5. 祈使句的否认句，在动词前加“ Don t better +not 最好 tell sb. not to do sth告诉某人不做某事be有1. be动词is ,are,was,were 按“就近原那么进行选择There is a book and two books on the desk .There are two books and a book on the desk .there be表示某地有某物有介词短语引导的表示存在的有have,has那么外表某人有某物“拥有there be与have/has不能同时用have:用于第一人称和第二人称has:用于第

19、三人称单数have got =have ,has got =has七.时态一般现在时的根本用法动词第三人称的变化1. 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态常与以下进间状语连用 ：usually、often、always、sometimes、everyday、evey morning 2. 表示爱好、兴趣、现在状态I like aplle .现在进行时的根本用法 be(is,am,are)+Ving1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态，常与now连用。2. 问句是Whatdoing 时，答复一定用现在进行时态3. 句首出现“ listen,look 时，表示引起注意，要用现在进行时Liste n! T

20、he birds are singing .-般过去时表示过去动作或状态1. 常与以下时间状语连用Yesterday,the day before yesterday,lastweek(month,year )ago,this morning2. 动词要用过去式，没有人称的变化-般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，,tonight 今晚1.常与以下时间状语连用Tomorrow,the day after tomorrow ,n ext(M on day, mon th,year.)3. 构成be going to +动词原形，will+动词原形做题的方法1. 看时间状语2. 判断时态3.

21、选择句式八代词：主格Iyousheitweyouthey宾格meyouheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourheritsouryourtheir句词性物主代词mi neyoursHersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves人称代词：主格充当主语一般用于句子开头宾格用于介词/动词之后物主代词：形容词物主代词后面修饰名词名词性物主代词后面不接句词反身代词：-self,-selves 自已 Iclean the house by myself七. 书面表达1. 审

22、题，判断时态2. 用上时态的正确句子结构形式3. 单词拼写正确4. 标点符号正确八. 单数句变复数句形式1. be 动词am,is -are, was were2. 所有单数句词改复数名词3. 个别词的变化：this 这一these 这些，that那一those那些he,it,she-they,my our ,his,her,its their,I we ,meus九. 打 用语this: 表示自己，that 表示对方不能用I , youA:Hello ！ This is Miss that YifanB:This is Yifa n .或 A:May I speak to B:Speak i

23、ng .十.感慨句1. What +名词词组+陈述句！2. How形容词+陈述句！What a beautiful school (it is )!What beauful schools (they are) !How beautiful the school is !1一.选择疑问句? 一般疑问句的形式，但是答复不是 YES或NO.?特殊疑问句会给出选项。?是按特殊疑问句来答复。十二.反意疑问句?前面否认，后面肯定?前面肯定，后面否认?答复：?不管肯定否认在哪，只看他说的是不是事实，是事实就是YES不是事实就是NO十三.祈使句? 1.动词原形放句首没有主语? 2.变否认时，直接在动词前加Don t.? 3.变否认时，在句首加no，动词用V-ing动词+ “ s 的发音1. 在清辅后读 /s/ stops/s/ likes /s/2. 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ stays/z/ learns/z/3. 词尾加 es 的读/iz/ teaches/i