小学英语知识点汇总(最全)

1、小学英语知识点汇总第一部分：基础知识1.字母：26个字母的大小写2.语音：元音的发音五个元音字母：AEIOU12个单元音： 前元音：i: /e/ 中元音：: 后元音：: : u : 双元音（8个）.合口双元音（5个）ai ei au u i.集中双元音（3个） iu辅音表清辅音：ptkfststrthpigtwokickfishthinksmilepetstreeshelfteachhat浊辅音：bdgvzdzdrdrbigdiggreenvanthiszoobedsdrivegaragecabbagerat鼻音：mnmouseneedstrong半元音：jwyearwhat3.词汇：词汇量，

2、近反义词4.句子：大小写，标点符号5.时态第二部分：语法知识一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5.不规则名词复

3、数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea本身就是复数的词： 眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。(二)名词的格(1)

4、有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoesl并列名词中，如果把 s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加sToms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如:a picture of the classroom a m

5、ap of China时间表示法有两种：（1）直接读时钟和分钟。如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;(2)用to与past表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点如：6：10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分如7：45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：(1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg /

6、an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词：the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法：(1)

7、特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys arent at school.(4)在序数词前： Johns birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况：(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your

8、 , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前

9、：My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus三、代词、形容词、副词代词：人称代词，物主代词主格 宾格 物主代词第一人称单数I(我)me my(我的)复数we(我们)us our(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)you your(你的)复数you(你们)you your(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)it its(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)

10、人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后如：Open them for me.Let us , join me等。宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。形容词，副词：比较级，最高级(一)、形容词的

11、比较级和最高级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。（最高级加the most）2.形容词加er的规则：（最高级通常加est）一般在词尾加er ;如：tall-taller-tallest以字母e 结尾，加r ;fine- finer以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除ow结尾)，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;如：big-bigger-biggest如hot，red以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。如;hap

12、py- happier如easy ，busy(5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more ,the most如：beautiful-more beautiful以ly结尾除early其他都是加more和the most.如slowly，quickly3.不规则形容词比较级：Good/well-better-best， bad/ill worse-worst , much /many more-most , little less-least，, far- farther- farthest(距离) far- further- furthest（程度）,old-older-oldest（

13、年龄），old-elder-eldest（排行）(二)副词的比较级，最高级1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化： far-further-furthest)get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样如：get stronger; getlonger，get better(二)比较级，最高级点修饰语比较级的修饰语Much(得多)，far(得多)，even(甚至，更)，still(更)，a bit(有点)，a little(有点)，a l

14、ot(很)， a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度，但决不可用very修饰。 Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点;It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷2.最高级的修饰语By far/ far and away ，很 much 得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎另外，second， third， next 等也要放在定冠词之后。如：The

15、 Yellow River is the second longest in China.黄河是中国的第二大河。This is the third largest building in this city.这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。This is (by) far the best book that Ive ever read.这是我读过的好的书。四、数词：基数词、序数词(1)1-20one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen， sixteen，seve

16、nteen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty(2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。23twenty-three，34thirty-four，45fortyfive，56fifty-six，67sixty-seven，78seventy-eight，89eighty-nine，91ninety-one(3)101999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six，803eight hundred and three(4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thous

17、and.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion1，001one thousand and one18，423eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three6，260，309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750，000，000，000seven hundred and fifty billion序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.fourfourth，thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化onefirst，tw

18、osecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth(3)以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加thtwentytwentieth， fortyfortieth， ninetyninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);八去t， 九去e， ve要用

19、f替（即eigheighth; nineninth; five- fifth ;twelvetwelfth）；ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twentytwentieth；fortyfortieth);若是碰到几十几，十位为基个位为序（如第二十一为twenty-first）。另外强调序数词前一定要加the。五、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, with ，behind等介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式如：be good at running; do well in jumping;1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1：00(dawn

20、，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1)表示具体日期。注：(1)关于在周末的几种表示法：at(on)the weekend在周末-特指at(on)weekends在周末-泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间 (2)在圣诞节，应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas，还有at night。2)在(刚)的时候。On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in季节前，月份前用介词in如：in summer；in M

21、arch表示时段、时期，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)4 在几点钟前用介词at如： at a quarter to four;节日的表示法有day的节日前用on.没有day的节日前用at,如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.树上外来的东西在树上用in the tree如：the bird in the tree;树上长的用on the tree如：the

22、apples on the tree长着什么用with如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；穿着什么用in如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女六、动词：动词的四种时态：(1)一般现在时：一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。

23、如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies(2)一般过去时:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：A、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 li

24、ved , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped jogjogged;B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing sang , eat ate ,see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read r

25、ead ,fly flew , am/is was ,are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt(3)一般将来时：基本结构：be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(

26、4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以不发音的e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting情态动词can; cant; should; shouldnt; must; may后一定加动词原形。如：The girl cant swim, but she can skate.女

27、孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。go的用法去干嘛用go +动词ing 如: go swimming; go fishing;喜欢做某事用like +动词ing （习惯于做）或like+ to + 动原。（喜欢做，喜欢的程度不一样）如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩

28、花灯。想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。例：Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum动词还原的用法前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面动词要还原。如：Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesnt like taking photos.但注意到家，到这儿，到那儿不可以加to如：get home; get here; get there,另外go home; come here;

29、 go there也一样。will和would注意：1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me？2）Will you？Would you like？ 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some， 而不是any。Would you like some cake？3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would， wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down？第三部分：句法1.陈述句(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：Im a student. Sh

30、e is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He

31、will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑问句一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。选择疑问句，一般用or连接3.There be句型There be 句型与have, has的区别1、There be 句型表示：在某地有

32、某物(或人)2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否

33、定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats + 介词短语?4祈使句(1)be+形容词/名词例：Be quiet for a moment.请安静一会(2)实义动词原形+其他成分例：Make your own rules.给自己制定规划(3)let+宾语+动词原形+其他例：Lets run to the police station on fourth street.我们跑去第四大街上的警察局

34、吧如：Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛，明天请早点起床！Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.海伦！不要爬树。否定句的祈使句动词前加not或never Dont walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Never judge a person by looks.绝不能以貌取人祈使句前可加please，也可不加5感叹句感叹句通常有what， how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词

35、，感叹句结构主要有以下几种，掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序 How clever a boy he is！How+形容词或副词+陈述语序 How lovely the baby is！What +名词+陈述语序 What noise they are making！What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序 What a clever boy he is！What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序 What wonderful ideas (we have)！What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序 What cold weather it is！感叹句的省

36、略形式 What a clever boy (he is)！第四部分：时态1现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与now,listen,look等词连用，结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.如：It is raining now.外面正在下雨It is six oclock now.现在6点了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客厅看报纸Look! The children are having a running race now.看！孩子们正在赛跑问句将be动词移前，否定句在b

37、e动词后+not.2一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.如：We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的问句借助于do, does否定

38、句借助于dont, doesnt，后面动词一定要还原。3一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如：My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a c

39、amp.你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didnt后面动词还原。4一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。如：Wha