2021年可可英语听力_1

1、资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！2021年可可英语听力 可可英语的英语网站的听力材料，一起来围观一下吧。下面是我给大家整理的可可英语听力的相关学问，供大家参阅! 可可英语听力：the cuban revolution at 50 the cuban revolution at 50 heroic myth and prosaic failure dec 30th 2021 from the economist print edition all the castro brothers have to celebrate this week is survival. but that

2、in itself is aremarkable achievement in the early hours of january 1st 1959, as new year parties were in full swing in an otherwiseunnaturally quiet havana, fulgencio batista stole away. he flew from camp columbia, the citysmain military base, to exile in the dominican republic with an entourage of

3、relatives andcronies. the dictators flight meant that just 25 months after landing with 81 men, all but adozen of whom were immediately killed or captured, fidel castro, a lawyer and former studentleader, had led his guerrilla force to an improbable triumph against batistas american-backedarmy. the

4、next day mr castro spoke to a jubilant multitude, many dressed in the red and blackcolours of his july 26th movement, in the main square of santiago de cuba, the islands secondcity. the revolution begins now, he proclaimed, adding: this time, luckily for cuba, therevolution will truly come into bein

5、g. it will not be like 1895, when the north americans cameand took overfor the first time the republic will really be entirely free. as they descended from the mountains of the sierra maestra and entered santiago, thecolumns of bearded rebels were literally swept off their feet by the overjoyed peop

6、le, as one ofthem, carlos franqui, recorded in his diary. it was the hour of freedom after a long tyrannyand a very tough fight. such scenes were repeated across the island as mr castro embarkedon a week-long triumphal march to havana. they were echoed in the rest of latin america, andbeyond it. the

7、 dictatorship of batista, a former army sergeant, had become notorious for itscorrupt brutality. to many people, mr castro and his similarly handsome lieutenants, includingernesto che guevara, an argentine doctor, seemed to be romantic heroes. to others, theyrepresented a renewal of socialism. jean-

8、paul sartre hailed mr castros revolution as themost original i have known. just as he had pledged, mr castro prevented the americans from derailing his victory. but hedid so at the cost of the freedom he had promised. less than two years after his speech insantiagoand before the united states impose

9、d its economic embargo against the islandhehad taken decisive steps to turn cuba into the first, and still the only, communist country inthe americas. half a century on, the euphoria is long gone. everyday life in cuba is a dreary affair of queuesand shortages, even if nobody starves and violent cri

10、me is rare. it is the only country in theamericas whose government denies its citizens freedom of expression and assembly. cubasjails contain 58 prisoners of conscience detained purely for their beliefs, according toamnesty international, a human-rights group. but to the chagrin of the united states

11、, and indefiance of its futile embargo, mr castro and cuban communism stubbornly cling on just90 miles (145km) across the florida straits. he and it have outlasted the fall of the berlin walland the collapse of his soviet patron, and lived to see new allies emerge in latin america andelsewhere. fide

12、l himself has not appeared in public since he underwent abdominal surgery in july 2021.but his views, expressed in a column entitled reflections of the commander that ispublished every few days in the state newspapers, still dominate cuba. his slightly youngerbrother ral, who succeeded him as presid

13、ent last february, may be more pragmatic and moreopen to capitalism (though not to liberal democracy). but rals plans for economic reform,already cautious, have been further stalled by two devastating hurricanes that hit cuba thisyear (see article). what will be officially celebrated in havana this

14、week is not the prospect ofchange. it is the stubborn survival of a revolution that has had profound consequences forthe americasthough rarely those that mr castro wanted. outwitting the cia on the face of things, cuba was an unlikely candidate for communism. the largest island inthe caribbean, it w

15、as also the wealthiest, thanks to sugar. its insular status had allowed spainto hold on to its ever-faithful isle for seven decades after it lost its colonies on the americanmainland. as mr castro noted in his victory speech, a long struggle for independence washijacked when the united states interv

16、ened: the spanish-american war of 1898 marked the endof spains presence in the americas and turned cuba into an american neo-colony. some60% of farmland and much of the sugar industry came to be owned by americans. a third ofthe workforce, most of them black rural labourers, lived in severe poverty.

17、 nevertheless, in 1958 cuba was among the five most developed countries in latin america: lifeexpectancy was close to that in the united states, and there were more doctors per head thanin britain or france. although havana had its darker side as a mafia bolthole, it was also aglittering cultural an

18、d commercial centre. it is the music from that erathe son, revived underthe label of the buena vista social clubthat has once again in recent years got the worldsinging and dancing, rather than the nueva trova (new song) of the revolution. as bertrandde la grange and maite rico note in the latest is

19、sue of letras libres, a mexican magazine,havana boasted 135 cinemas in 1958more than new york city. today only a score remainopen, although the citys population has doubled. as rafael rojas, a cuban historian who lives in exile in mexico, has pointed out, most cubanswanted and expected mr castro to

20、restore the democratic constitution of 1940, repudiatedby batistas coup of 1952. that, after all, was what he had promised in the manifesto of thejuly 26th movement, along with agrarian reform. and the nationalisation of the american-owned public utilities (though not of the rest of the economy). bu

21、t mr castro had other ideas.he was determined that his revolution should not suffer the fate of jacobo arbenz, ademocratic social reformer in guatemala, who was overthrown by an invasion misguidedlyorganised by the eisenhower administration in 1954 in the name of anti-communism. guevarahad witnessed

22、 that event, and learned from it. guatemala was the first skirmish of the cold war in latin america. but it was the cubanrevolution that turned the region into an important theatre in that ideological and militaryconflict. installing moderate civilian politicians in government, mr castro named himse

23、lf headof the armed forces. he quickly dismantled batistas army. some 550 people more or lessclosely linked to batistas regime were executed after show trials, a bloodbath in which guevaraplayed a particularly prominent role. mr castro deepened his alliance with the popular socialistparty (as cubas

24、old-established communist party called itself), and set up a parallelgovernment at a newly created national agrarian reform. institute headed by guevara. withinseven months of victory he had shelved his promise of elections. the july 26th movementsplintered, with many of its non-communists (includin

25、g mr franqui) going into exile, jail orquiet opposition. in october 1959, just nine months after entering havana, mr castro beganthe contacts with the soviet union that swiftly led to a full-scale economic and militaryalliance. the cia quickly concluded that mr castro was a closet communist and set

26、out to overthrowhim. but it was not until october 1960 that the united states began to impose the embargo.by the time a cia-organised invasion of anti-castro cubans landed at the bay of pigs in april1961, mr castro was ready for them, as arbenz had not been in guatemala. in 1962 the sovietunions dec

27、ision to station missiles on cuban soil brought the world the closest it has evercome to nuclear war. in return for their withdrawal, the kennedy administration guaranteedthat it would not again invade cuba. mr castro had consolidated his victory. his triumph wouldprompt an exodus of hundreds of thousands of the more entrepreneurial cubans. it thushad the unintended effect of turning miami from a sleepy