2021届高考英语一轮联考质检卷精编3说明文阅读含解析

1、2021届高三复习英语名校联考质检卷精编（3）说明文阅读1.the different parts of a health care system have different focuses. a hospitals stroke(中风) unit monitors blood flow in the brain. the cardiac unit is interested in that same flow, but through and from the heart. each collection of equipment and data is effective in its

2、own field. thus, like the story of blind men feeling an elephant, modern health care offers many separate pictures of a patient, but rarely a useful united one.on top of all this, the instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to use them. that co

3、mbined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly, for early signs of illness, so patients are at risk of heart disease or a stroke.an unusual research project called alzeye, run by moorfields eye hospital in london, in cooperation with university college, london(ucl), may change this

4、. it is attempting to use the eye as a window through which signals about the health of other organs could be discovered. the doctors in charge of it, siegfried wagner and pearse keane, are studying moorfields database of eye scans, which offers a detailed picture of the health of the retina(视网膜).th

5、e project will go a step further:with the information about other aspects of patients health collected from other hospitals around england, doctors will be able to look for more accurate signs of disease through eye scans.the moorfields data set has lots of linked cases to work with-far more than an

6、y similar project. for instance, the uk biobank, one of the worlds leading collections of medical data about individual people, contains 631 cases of amajor cardiac adverse event. the moorfields data contain about 12, 000 such. the biobank has data on about 1, 500 stroke patients. moorfields has 11,

7、 900. for the disease on which the moorfields project will focus to start with dementia, the data set holds 15, 100 cases. the only comparable study has 86.wagner and keane are searching for patterns in the eye that show the emergence of disease elsewhere in the body. if such patterns could be recog

8、nized reliably, the potential impact would be huge.1.why does the author mention “the story of blind men feeling an elephant” in paragraph 1?a.to claim the ineffectiveness of our health care system.b.to tell the similarity in various health care units.c.to explain the limitation of modern health car

9、e.d.to show the complexity of patients pictures2.what does the underlined word thisin paragraph 3 refer to?a.the challenge of making advanced medical instruments.b.the high risk of getting a heart disease or a strokec.the inconvenience of modern health care service.d.the incomplete and expensive hea

10、lth monitoring.3.how does alzeye work?a.by thoroughly examining ones body organs.b.by identifying ones state of health through eye scansc.by helping doctors discover ones diseases of the eyed.by comparing the eye-scan data from different hospitals.4.what can be inferred about the moorfieldss project

11、 from paragraph 5?a.it takes advantage of abundantly available medical data.b.it makes the collection of medical data more convenient.c.it improves the moorfields competitiveness in the medical field.d.it strengthens data sharing between the moorfields and the biobank.2.more than a third of small to

12、wns in georgia lost population in the last year alone, highlighting the challenges of reviving rural areas.new census(人口普查)estimates show that camilla fell below 5,000 residents.sparks fell below 2,000,and milan fell to 661 residents for a loss of 7% of its population. all three towns are in south g

13、eorgia.many of the young people in these communities graduate from high school and dont come back.they go to college,whatever,they dont come back,said david bridges,head of its center for rural prosperity and innovation in tifton.meanwhile,georgias cities are growing,having no problem drawing people

14、 from small towns and other cities.atlanta grew more than 1% in the past year and is now nearing the half-million-resident mark.the trend of people moving from rural to urban areas is hardly a new one-its been going on worldwide for more than a century.but continued population losses have raised que

15、stions about whether rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide.rural residents can face a number of challenges including access to good jobs, transportation and health care.manufacturing jobs have dried up in many places,while modernization and new technology means fewer people are needed for

16、farming.and many people are deciding to have smaller families than was typical a century ago.the older generation is dying,the younger generation is moving away,and because there are perceived to be fewer business opportunities,financial opportunities,etc.its very challenging to get inbound populati

17、on.bridges said.demographers(人口学家)expect the shift from rural to urban to continue.but there are some bright spots in rural america still. jackson county near athens was recently named one of the fastest-growing counties in the nation by the census bureau. amazon opened a large fulfillment center th

18、ere a couple of years ago.and young harris,near the georgia-north carolina border,has grown by more than 80% since 2010.1.what happened to the small towns mentioned in paragraph 1?a.their sizes grew rapidly.b.their population declined.c.they drew more residents.d.they raised challenges to locals.2.w

19、hich of the following best explainsreverse the tideunderlined in paragraph 4?a.people move from rural to urban areas.b.small towns draw people from cities.c.rural areas develop their economy quickly.d.population continue to grow in urban areas.3.why is david bridges quoted?a.to draw a conclusion.b.t

20、o offer more evidence.c.to show his contribution.d.to give part of the reasons.4.what can be inferred from the last paragraph?a.jackson county is the best town in the us.b.rural towns will keep growing to larger ones.c.others will follow the lead of these bright spots.d.there can be measures to help

21、 rural towns grow.3.hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental and health problem in the global souths landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).electronic waste(e-waste)currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more t

22、han one smartphone, laptop and power bank. they end up in places like agbogbloshie on the outskirts of ghanas capital, accra. it is the biggest e-waste dump in the world, where 10, 000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process. they risk their hea

23、lth searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.but agbogbloshie should not exist. the basel convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. the e-waste industry, however, circumvents the reg

24、ulations by exporting e-waste labelled assecondhand goodsto poor countries like ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a landfill site.a recent report found agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals. this is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury (水银),

25、lead and even arsenic(砷). reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level thats about 220 times greater than a limit set by the european food safety authority(efsa). most worryingly, these poiso

26、nous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. this should concern us all, since some of ghanas top exports are cocoa and nuts.some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers waste. for example, germany has started a project that includes a sustainable

27、(可持续的)recycling system at agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. however, governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when governments green policies are focused on issues like climate change.only the manufacture

28、rs can fix this. a more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.1.what can we infer from paragraph 2?a.electronic products need improving urgently

29、.b.electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled.c.electronic waste requires more landfill sites across ghana.d.electronic pollution is a burning question in agbogbloshie.2.what does the underlined wordcircumventsin paragraph 3 mean?a.tightens.b.abolishes.c.gets around.d.brings in.3.what sho

30、uld be the biggest concern according to the text?a.the violation of efsas standards.b.the lack of diversity in ghanas exports.c.the damage to chickens immune system.d.the threat of polluted food around the world4.what does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?a.manufacturers

31、developing a sustainable hardware economy.b.governments adjusting their green policies about e-waste.c.reducing customers demands for electronic products.d.letting governments take on the main responsibility4.no one knows who invented the button. it has existed as early as 2000 bc. when it first sta

32、rted, it was just something pretty yet replaceable sewn onto your clothes. about 3，000 years later, someone finally invented the buttonhole, and buttons were suddenly useful and applied to clothes universally. before buttons, clothes were bigger they had no fixed shapes. people felt as if they wrapp

33、ed themselves in things. because of the buttonhole, the fashion moved closer to the body as we discovered uses for the button. at one time, ifs the very way to make clothes fit well for the body. people are completely secure. the pattern of a button hasnt changed much since the middle ages. ifs one

34、of the most lasting designs in history, because it actually works to keep our clothes shut. zippers easily break and are hard to fix. velcro is rackety，and it wears out after a while. however, if a button breaks, you just exactly sew another on. and you ran do up your buttons without disturbing othe

35、rs. a button is there for the long run. ifs not just the most important design ever, but its thought to be a decisive factor in the development and innovation of clothes. present design of clothes shows its influence obviously. if youre wearing a take a look at the position of buttons on it. if your

36、e a male, the buttons would likely be on the right side, but for a female, the buttons are usually found on the left. once the buttons were all on the right, and the trend of buttons-on-the-left was set by wealthy women of the victorian era. their clothes were complex, consisting of corsets, pettico

37、ats, buttons and a wide range of beautiful accessories(配饰). therefore, they needed assistance while getting dressed. keep this in mind, clothing makers made innovation and designed articles of clothing that were simple for servants to button up. such designs of clothing became more and more popular

38、over time, and eventually became the standard still being followed to this day.1. what can be learnt about early buttons in the first paragraph?a. they appeared a bit later than buttonholes.b. they served as an essential part of the clothes.c. their popularity was driven by buttonholes greatly.d. th

39、ey were invented by someone unknown accidently.2. what does the underlined word rackety in paragraph 3 mean?a. decorative.b. practical.c. expensive.d. noisy.3. why did the design of buttons on womens clothes change in the victorian era?a. to innovate old designs of clothes.b. to make it easier to bu

40、tton up.c. to beautify the clothes of women.d. to keep the standard widely followed.4. which can be the title of the text?a. how buttons changed fashionb. what the real role of buttons isc. why buttons were inventedd. when buttons came into sight5.a tiny alaska village has experienced a boom in tour

41、ism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on arctic sea ice. more than 2,000 people visited the northern alaska village of kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. the far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of

42、sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. as ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food. polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s.

43、more bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. u. s. fish and wildlife service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 20

44、00s. as more attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to kaktovik. the village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said jennifer reed, of the arctic national wildlife refuge. today were talking about hundreds and hundreds of

45、visitors, many from around the world each year, reed said. most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. bruce inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said been offering polar bear tours since 2004

46、. most of his clients(客户) are from china and europe, as well as from the lower 48 u. s. states. many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. the villagers have benefited a lot from that. in turn, they provide more effective protection for polar hears with financial sup

47、port from tourism development.1.what causes more polar bears to stay on land in kaktovik?a.food shortage.b.climate change.c.habitats, movement to shore.d.their preference for land.2.how did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?a.excited.b.puzzled.c.concerned.d.shocked.3.what can be i

48、nferred from the last paragraph?a.hotels in kaktovik are in demand in autumn.b.kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.c.inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.d.tourism affects the balance of nature.4.which saying can describe the text?a.the fittest can survive.b.after a storm comes a calm.c.th

49、ere is always opportunity in crisis.d.every coin has two sides.6.norway shares a long eastern border with sweden and is bordered by finland and russia to the north-east, and the skagerrak strait to ihe south 一 denmark on the other side of the strait. it has ail extensive coastline, facing the north

50、atlantic ocean and the barents sea. for the last few years, norway has registered the highest quality 6f life among the worlds nations. it is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. norwegians can also expect to get a good education, the job they wan! unemployment is only 4 percent according t

51、o recent data updated in january,2019 enjoy good health and live a long life. its achievement today is completely unexpected for many people, especially senior citizens there. just 80 years ago norwegians were moving to the usa in their thousands in search of a better life. the rise in oil prices in

52、 the 1970s changed all that. on a per-capita(人均的) basis, norway is the worlds largest producer of oil outsideof the middle east. when you arrive in oslo, the capital of norway, for the first dont expect to be met by dubai-style skyscrapers, and rows of ferraris and porsches. in 2018, norway became o

53、ne of the few countries where over 5 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric one. norwegians also work hard and are always near the top in research on global worker productivity rates. bui in todays high-tech world where work seems to follow us wherever we go, the people of no

54、rway are redefining(重新定义)what wealth means. laws just recently passed by the government attach great importance to family and time off. also, the country is saving for the future. every dollar earned from oil is put straight into its pensions worth billions of dollars. at a time when most other west

55、ern countries are wondering how they will finance the pensions of a growing retired population, norway is sitting pretty.1.where is the skagerrak strait?a.near the barents sea.b.on the east of finland.c.near the north of norway.d.on the north of denmark.2.what leads to norways success?a.its huge res

56、erve of oil.b.its low unemployment rate.c.its quality education.d.its pleasant natural environment.3.what can be inferred about norway from paragraph 3?a.norwegians are seeking modern life.b.it is modest about its wealth.c.it puts much focus on the traffic.d.norwegians try to keep away from high tec

57、hnology.4.what does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph convey?a.norways future should be considered.b.norway wouldnt like to make changes.c.norway has accumulated enough pensions.d.norways retired population is decreasing.答案以及解析1.答案：1.c; 2.d; 3.b; 4.a解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段modern health care off

58、ers many separate pictures . rarely a useful united one可知,盲人摸象的例子是为了解释现代医疗检查很少能全面地提供患者的整体情况,因此具有局限性。2.代词指代题。前两段主要讲了现代医疗检查的片面性以及高昂的费用,而一项不同寻常的研究项目alzeye也许能改变这一切。3.细节理解题。根据第三段it is attempting to use the eye . health of other organs.及第四段with the information . signs of disease through eye scans可知,alzeye的工作模式是通过眼部扫描来辨别一个人的健康状况。4.推理判断题。根据第五段列举的数据信息可知,moorfields的项目较同类项目充分利用了更多现存的数据。 2.答案：1.b; 2.b; 3.d; 4.d3.答案：1.d; 2.c; 3.d; 4.a解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段electronic