译林版高中情态动词新编

1、译林版高中情态动词 202x年x月x日 篇一：高中情态动词 情态动词 总述：情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区分在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如： 概念: 定义：情态动词是表示力量,义务,必需,猜想等说话人的语气或情态的动词. 特征： 情态动词后加动词原形 情态动词无三单（have to除外） 否定+not；疑问直接提前（have to 除外） 不能单独做谓语，必需和其它动词一起构成谓语 情态动词和助动词的区分： 助动词本身无意义，主要挂念构成谓语，表示时态、语态或者构成疑问及否定形式 情

2、态动词有词义，但也和助动词一样，不能单独做谓语，必需和其它动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词用法： can和could的用法 本意： 1.表示力量。（could 为can的过去式，表示过去的力量） 如： can you finish this work tonight? man cannot live without air. can i go now? yes, you can. can与be able to 的区分： can只有两种时态, 即can 和could, 而be able to 有多种时态, 如was/were able to, will/shall be able to, have/

3、has been able to等: ill be able to drive the car in a week. through his diligent work, the deaf.mute has been able to read and write in a sign language. 表示过去通过努力最终做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。 eg： i was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. 特殊用法：表“允许”和“许可” could也可表示恳求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不行用于确定句

4、，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如： could i come to see you tomorrow? yes, you can. （否定答语可用no, im afraid not.） 表推想和可能性 can用在确定句中表示客观的规律上的可能性，意为“可能会”。 a horse in the center of london can cost a lot of money. attending the ball can be very exciting. the road can be blocked. 这条路可能会不通的。 多用于否定与疑问结构中, cant

5、be表示1%的否定推想，意为“不行能是” eg：can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？ it cant be true. 它不行能是真的。 what can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？ 区分：cant do 表示不能做某事；cant be 表示不行能是 “could + have + 过去分词” “could + have + 过去分词”表示过去有力量做某事，但没有做（即，虚拟语气）。 eg：he cannot have been to that town. can he have got the book? 一般疑问句的回答 确定回答：y

6、es，you can. 否定回答：no, you cant. 习惯用法 cannot/ enough表示“无论都不为过”，“越越好” eg：we cant thank you too much for what you have done for us.对于你为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感谢都不过分。 cant help doing禁不住；cant help (to) do sth. 不能挂念做某事 eg：when i try to speak, i cant help making mistakes. cant help but do不得不，只好 eg: i cant help but adm

7、ire your courage. cant help it 无计可施；忍不住 eg: i couldnt help it if the bus was late. asas + 主语 + can/ could = asas possible 尽可能 eg: please come here as early as you can. cannot 和 couldnt与比较级连用表最高级的意思 eg： she couldnt have chosen a better gift for me. must的用法 本意 must 的确定句表示“必需，应当”，有做某一动作的义务或者必要 eg：you m

8、ust buy a ticket if you want catch a bus. 特殊用法 mustnt do 表示“禁止做某事” eg: children mustnt play with fire. 表可能性和表推想 “must be + 表语”的结构表示推想，并且表示1%的确定推想,意为“肯定，准是”；它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。 this must be your pen. 区分：mustnt do 和mustnt be “must + have + 过去分词” “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在确定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推想。它的否定或疑问式用ca

9、n代替must。 eg: he must have been to shanghai. 一般疑问句的回答 回答must引出的问句时，假如是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 must we hand in our exercise books today? yes, you must. no, you dont have to. / no, you dont have to. must 与have to have to的含义与must相像，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：

10、 must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如： the play is not interesting. i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age. must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。 二者的否定意义不大相同。如： you mustnt go. 你可不要去。 you dont have to go. 你不必去。 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如： must i clean all the room?思考：have to 的否定和疑问？ need的用法 本意 作为情态动词的need

11、具有情态动词的一般性质，只要need后面跟的是动词原形，它就是情态动词。这时，变否定，只需在其后加not；变为疑问句，只需把它移主语的前面。eg: need i type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？ there is enough time. you neednt hurry. 有的是时间，你不必焦急。 the president wondered whether he need send more soldiers. 总统不知道他是否要增兵。 .must i hand in my homework now? 现在我必需交作业吗？ .no, you nee

12、dnt. 不，你不必。 特殊用法 实意动词 作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种状况下，need既可用于确定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或者does need sth.（表示“需要”或“必需”）其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。 eg: we need a great deal of money now. they dont it any more. does your father need any help? sthneed (s) doing 与sthneed(s) to be done need后面可跟动名词

13、作宾语，这种状况下应留意两点： .主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义； .该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。 eg: the door needs painting. = the door needs to be painted. 。 your car needs mending.= your car needs to be repaired. need to do sth. 作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。 eg： what do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？

14、will we need to show our passports? 我们需要出示护照吗？you need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。 名词 need作为名词，含义为“缺乏，需要”；其复数表示“基本需要”。 两个词组： in (great) need of（急需）与meet the needs of(满足的需要)。 eg： theres no need for you to try again. 你不必再尝试了。 the factory is in great need of funds. 那家工厂急需资金。 this house

15、 of the 1790s can even meet the needs of the 21st century. 这栋18世纪90年月的房子甚至能够满足21世纪的需要。 一个句型： there is a / no need for sb to do sth. 一般疑问句的回答 eg： need we find more people to solve the problem? yes, you must. no, you neednt. / no, you dont have to. may和might的用法 本意 表示恳求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mus

16、tnt表示“不行以”、“禁止”、“阻挡”之意。如： you may drive the car. might i use your pen? no, you mustnt. note:用may i . 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用can i . 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。 特殊用法 maybe / may be maybe: = perhaps adv在句中作状语eg：maybe they are still asleep. a 篇二：高中情态动词 情态动词: 动词原形接后面，说话语气较委婉。can力量may许可，must责任或义务。否定回答need

17、nt换，需要need, dare敢。should应当，would愿，have to被迫表客观。 一、can could的用法 1. 表示力量 could为can的过去式，表示过去的力量。 some of us can use the computer, but we couldnt 10 years ago. can 表示现在的力量，could 表示过去的力量，要表示将来具备的力量通常 be able to 的将来时态。 其中要留意的是，could 表示过去的力量，通常只用于表示过去一般性力量，而不表示过去具体某次特定情形下能够做某事的力量。如：他学习很努力，所以考试能及格。 误：he stu

18、died hard and could pass the exam. 正：he studied hard and was able to pass the exam. 注：若在否定句中没有以上限制，即couldnt可表示过去特定状况下的力量，如可说 he studied hard but still couldnt pass the exam. 2. 表示允许和许可。could和can没有时间上的差别，用could比用can语气上委婉（主要用于疑问句，不行用于确定句），could一般用于疑问句中，确定回答时要改用can。 you can park your car here. can i us

19、e your pen? yes, you can. no, you cant. could i come here again tomorrow?yes, you can. (no, im afraid not.) 若是自己允许别人做某事，一般只用 can，而不用 could。 表示过去的允许时，若表示过去一般性允许（即表示某人随时都可以做某事），用could；若表示在过去某一特定状况下允许进行某一特定的活动，则不用 could。如： when i lived at home, i could watch tv whenever i wanted to. 我住在家里时，想什么时候看电影就可以什

20、么时候看。（一般性允许） i was allowed to see the film yesterday evening. 昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。（特定的允许，不能用 could) 所谓的没时态，没有时间上的差别，一般是指带有过去性质的could用在一般式的时候表委婉，但并不代表具有一般式性质的can也可以任凭用在过去式中。例如上句话中的could，则不能替换为can. 包括shall和should，may和might,也应是这种状况。 3. can表示客观的规律上的可能性，意为“可能会”，多用于确定句。 anyone can make mistakes. taking a plane c

21、an be dangerous. children can be noisy sometimes. it can be very hot in our city. 4. 构成的短语和特殊句式： cannot/ cant/ too/enough 表示“无论怎样?都不过分，越?越好”，有时cannot, cant可用can never代替。 we cant thank you too much for what youve done for us. you cannot be too careful to cross the road. you cannot be careful enough t

22、o cross the road. you can never do the work too well. cant help doing sth.禁不住， cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做某事 when i try to speak, i cant help making mistakes. i cant help (to) carry the box. cant help but do cannot /could not but do cant choose but do can do nothing but do 不得不 i cant help but admire you

23、r courage.i could not but admire her. cant help it. 无计可施，忍不住。 i always end up having an argument with her. i dont know why, but i cant help it. i couldnt help it if the bus was late. asas + 主语 + can/could尽可能 = asas possible. please come here as early as you can. cannot, could not与比较级连用，表示最高级的意思。 it

24、couldnt be better. she couldnt choose a better gift for me. 表示惊异、怀疑、不信任的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或赞美句中） can this be true? 这可能是真的吗？ how can you be so careless! 你怎么能这么马虎！ this cannot be done by him.这不行能是他做的。 表示推想：即具体的事情实际发生的可能性，can 和 could 一般用于否定句和疑问句（could有时会在确定句中消灭），could只表示可能性比can小，不表示时态。 he cant/ couldnt ha

25、ve finished so much work in so short a time. you cant be serious. 也就是说，疑问句中表推想一般用can/could （能?）。 could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？ can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？ 对现在或将来的推想，两者均可用，但can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，一般不用于确定句，而could则可用于确定句、否定句和疑问句；对过去的推想，应在 can, could 之后接动词的完成式，且此时can仍只用于否定句或疑问句，不用于确定句；而cou

26、ld 则可用于各种句型。如： can could this be true? 这能是真的吗 where can could he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢 she cant couldnt have left so soon. 她不行能走得这么早。 he could have gone home. 他可能已回家了。 与完成时态连用：could have done表示“过去有力量做某事，但没有做”；couldnt have done表示“过去本不行能做某事，但却做了”。 we could have gone there on foot and a taxi wasnt necess

27、ary at all. 注：could后接动词的完成式，除表示对过去的推想外，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性（即某事原来可以发生，却没发生），或委婉地责怪某人过去应当做某事而没有去做。can have don/cannot have done 过去可能做过，不行能做了 表示推想，一般不表虚拟，而且 can have done结构只用于疑问句中。如： you could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。 you neednt have cooked it. we could have eaten it raw. 你其实可以不煮熟（它），我们（原来）可

28、以生吃。 学问拓展： can 和 be able to都表示力量，在意义上没有区分。但can只有一般式和过去式两种形式，而be able to可以有多重形式：was/were able to will/shall be able to have/ has been able to 假如表达将来的力量，一般用will / shall be able to. the baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. be able to 的过去式 was/were be able to可以表示在过去的某一场合设法做成了某事，相当于managed to do/ su

29、cceed in doing, 而 could 无此意。 the fire was big, but most people were able to escape form it. can 和 be able to 不行同时使用。 二、may 和 might 的用法 1 表示恳求和许可。 恳求用might语气更委婉。否定回答时（口语中常用） no, you cant . /yes, please 用mustnt表示“不行以”、“禁止”、“阻挡”之意（具有猛烈禁止的意思）允许时用may，表示“可以”（表示允许时不用might）。类似与can和could的用法。 如：you may drive

30、the car. 你可以开这辆车。 might i use your pen? no, you mustnt. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？不，确定不行。 用may i . 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用can i . 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。 2 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。(倒装). my all your dreams come true. may you be happy everyday! 3. 用于目的状语从句中 4. 用于让步状语从句中 5. 其它用法： may well 意为：“很可能?”（相当于：be very likely to do）. yo

31、u may well get confused. her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. may/might(just) as well do 意为：还是?的好，最好? we may as well stay where we are. 表示推想、可能（用于确定句，否定句；疑问句不能用于此意）might不表时态，只表可能性比may小。 一般表推想时疑问句中用can. he may not have finished the work. he may know my phone number.

32、 he might come tomorrow, but i am not quite sure. he mightnt have heard you when you greeted her. 表示对过去的推想。 “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推想。 may have done/ may not have done或许已经做过了某事/没做过 一般不用于疑问句。 might have done/ might not have done 1.过去或许做了，过去或许没做，比may not have done 语气更加不确定，表推想； 2. might h

33、ave done 过去本可能做，表虚拟。its too late. i think he may have gone to bed. 推想 he may not have finished the work. he might have missed the train. 推想。 but i think you might have told us half an hour ago.但是我认为，你原来可能在半小时前告知我们。虚拟 they might not have regarded me as their friend. 推想，might的否定与完成时搭配也不表虚拟。 三、must和hav

34、e to的用法 1 表示必需、必要。（must表示主观多一些，多指现在或将来的状况，指说话人的主观语气；而have to则表示客观多一些）mustnt意思为“不许、不准”，表示禁止。（含有确定禁止的含义）。回答must引出的问句时，假如是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 you must finish the project by friday.you must come in time. children must not play with fire. you mustnt play football in the stree you must

35、 not park here! its an emergency exit. i have to give up smoking.(可能是由于身体或其它缘由等不得不戒烟） i must give up smoking. (自己觉得有必要戒烟） must we hand in our exercise books today? yes, you must. (no, you dont have to./no, you neednt.) 2. 表示“偏偏，非得要”( 表示一种与说话人 愿望相反、不耐烦的感情颜色). must you waste so much time? 你非得铺张这么多时间么？

36、 why must it rain on sunday? if you must smoke, please go outside the room. 3. 表示强调，此时常用语口语中，表示说话者坚决的态度。留意与1.的区分。 4. 表示必定结果： all men must die. 人固有一死。 i must say, you are looking extremely well. i must admit, i have been looking forward to it. 表示推想、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。表示推想，此时意为“肯定是，准是”，常指有依据的，比较有把握的推想。这种用法

37、只能用于确定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could. the light is on, so he must be at home. look at the new car, he must earn a lot of money. since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推想，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。 this must be your pen. 这肯定是你的钢笔。 you must be carol, you havent c

38、hange a bit after all these years. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在确定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推想，意为：过去想必/肯定/准是做了某事(一般不表示虚拟)。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。 he must have been to shanghai. 他肯定去过上海。 it must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy. 注：have to的含义与must相像，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几

39、点不同： ? must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。英国英语中常用have got to如： the play is not interesting. i really must go now. 这部剧没意思。我真的必需现在就走。 i had to work when i was your age.当我像你这么大时，我不得不工作。 i have (got) to be off now. my mom is waiting for me. the little boy has to do lots of housework, for his parents hav

40、e been suffering from illness. must一般只有一种形式。（表现在一般现在时的说话对么？）have则有更多的人称、数和时态变化形式（如has to, had to, will have to）。must的否定形式为mustnt, 而 have to 的否定形式要借助助动词do的某种形式（如：dont have to, doesnt have to, didnt have to）。 my cousin has to practice violin every night. i shall have to go there next week.我下星期必需去那儿。 四

41、、shall和should （一）shall（shant）的用法： 1.表征求意见（“好不好”）用在第一、三人称。shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿（主动挂念对方，或提出建议。shall i turn on the tv for you? yes, thanks a lot. you are so considerate.）。 如：what shall we do this evening? what shall i get for dinner? shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 篇三：高中 情态动词 情态动词专项练习 1) you_ al

42、l those clothes! we have a washing machine to do that sort of thing a) neednt have washed b) shouldnt have washed c) must not have washed d) can not have washed 2) johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night. a) should study b) should have studied c) must have studiedd) must

43、have to study 3) the room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. (cet.4, 202x,6) a) cant have been b) shouldnt have been c) mustnt have beend) wouldnt have been 4) nobody knows how people first came to these islands. they _ from south america on rafts. a) must have sailed b) can sail c) might have sail

44、edd) should have sailed 5) mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. she _ in her classroom. a) should have been b) must have been c) must be d) should be 6) bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. he _ his mind. a) cant have changed b) wouldnt have changed c) must have changedd)

45、 shouldnt have changed 7) you_ to town to see the film yesterday. it will be on tv tonight. a) neednt go b) had better not go c) should not go d) neednt have gone 8) we_ the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive. a) must receive b) ought to receive c) must have received d) ought to have received 9)

46、with all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night. a) mustnt go b) shouldnt have gone c) could not go d) couldnt have gone 10) eve was late for class again. she _earlier. a) should get up b) must get up c) need to get upd) should have got up 11) i am feeling sick. i_ so much chocolate. a) need

47、nt have eaten b) couldnt have eaten c) mustnt have eaten d) shouldnt have eaten 12) i didnt send out my application form last week, but i _. a) had b) would doc) should haved) might have to 13) walking alone in the deserted village, john was scared. he thought he_ tom to go with him. a) might have a

48、sked b) should asked c) must have asked d) should have asked 14) when i got to the cinema, the film had already started; i_ there earlier. a) ought to get b) ought to have got c) must have got d) must get15) the road was muddy. it_ rained last night. a) mustb) must have c) must be d) could have 16)

49、she can speak quite fluent english. she_. a) must been in the u.s.a. for some time b) must have been in the u.s.a. for some time c) should have been in the u.s.a. for some time d) may be in the u.s.a. for some time 17) you should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_. a) was used to be b) use

50、d to be c) was used to d) use to 18)“we didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“he _it.” a) mustnt visit b) cant have visited c) should have gone to seed) may see 19) mary _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. a) should have receivedb) has received c) couldnt have received d)

51、ought to have received 20) i _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but i was short of money. a) would have liked to give b) liked to give c) have liked to give d) would like to give 21)“where _ my umbrella?”“somebody _ it away by mistake.” a) is, must have taken b) is, must take c) have been,

52、must taked) is, takes 22) what _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way? a) will you suppose b)you suppose c)do you suppose d)you would suppose 23) two eyes _see more than one. a) can b) may c) will d) should 24) _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes. a) w

53、ould b) will c) may d) should 25) we ought to help each other in our work, _? a) oughtnt we b) should we c) shouldnt we d) ought to we 26) tom _ better than to ask dick for help. a) shall knowb) shouldnt knowc) has known d) should have known 27) you _ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.

54、a) had better gotb) had to get better c) had better to getd) had better get 28) when we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _. a) neednt hurry b) didnt need hurry c) neednt to hurry d) neednt have hurried 29) it was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously. a) might have injured b

55、) could injure c) should have injured d) must injure30) as he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work. a) neednt b) may not c) mustnt d) cant 31) an englishman who _not speak italian was once traveling in italy. a) mustb) could c) may d) might 32) i _like to make a suggestion. a) c

56、ould b) would c) must d) might 33) i know things are hard with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties. a) can b) may c) must d) ought 34 i cant find the recorder in the room. it _ by somebody. a) may have been taken away b) may leave c) may take away d) must have taken away 35) he _the 9:20 train because he didnt leave home till 9:25. a) can reachb) could catch c) may not catchd