汽车的转向控制外文翻译

1、. 鏈虹數宸瀛櫌鏈虹數宸瀛櫌鏈虹數宸瀛櫌鏈虹數宸瀛櫌 姣曚笟璁捐澶栨枃璧勬枡缈昏瘧姣曚笟璁捐澶栨枃璧勬枡缈昏瘧姣曚笟璁捐澶栨枃璧勬枡缈昏瘧姣曚笟璁捐澶栨枃璧勬枡缈昏瘧 璁捐棰樼洰璁捐棰樼洰璁捐棰樼洰璁捐棰樼洰: 灏忓瀷鐗圭杞締鍒跺姩绯荤粺鏀硅繘璁捐灏忓瀷鐗圭杞締鍒跺姩绯荤粺鏀硅繘璁捐灏忓瀷鐗圭杞締鍒跺姩绯荤粺鏀硅繘璁捐灏忓瀷鐗圭杞締鍒跺姩绯荤粺鏀硅繘璁捐 璇戞枃棰樼洰璇戞枃棰樼洰璇戞枃棰樼洰璇戞枃棰樼洰: spin control for cars 瀛敓濮撳悕瀛敓濮撳悕瀛敓濮撳悕瀛敓濮撳悕锛氾細锛氾細 瀛瀛 鍙峰彿鍙峰彿锛氾細锛氾細 涓撲笟鐝骇涓撲笟鐝骇涓撲笟鐝骇涓撲笟鐝骇锛氾細锛氾細 鎸囧鏁

2、欏笀鎸囧鏁欏笀鎸囧鏁欏笀鎸囧鏁欏笀锛氾細锛氾細 姝枃姝枃姝枃姝枃锛氾細锛氾細姹借溅鐨勮浆鍚戞帶鍒? 闄勯檮闄勯檮 浠朵欢浠朵欢锛氾細锛氾細spin control for cars 鎸囧鏁欏笀璇勮锛? 绛惧悕锛? 骞? 鏈? 鏃? 姝枃姝枃姝枃姝枃锛氾細锛氾細姹借溅鐨勮浆鍚戞帶鍒? 鍏枃锛氱増鏉冩墍鏈?995骞寸編鍥芥満姊板伐绋嬪笀瀛細 鎺埗绯荤粺绋冲畾鎬槸閽堝鎻愰珮椹鹃瀹夊叏鎬彁鍑虹殑涓绯诲垪鎺柦涓渶鏂扮殑涓涓傝繖涓郴缁熻兘澶熷湪40姣鍐呭疄鐜颁粠鍒跺姩寮濮嬪埌鍒跺姩鎭鐨勮繃绋嬶紝杩欎釜鏃堕棿鏄汉鐨勫弽搴旀椂闂村緱涓冨嶃備粬浠氳繃璋冩暣姹借溅鎵煩鎴栬呴氳繃搴旂敤姹借溅宸晶鎴栧彸渚埗鍔紝濡傛灉

3、闇瑕佺敋鑷充袱鑰呭吋鐢紝鏉疄鐜板噯纭殑琛岃溅璺嚎銆傝繖涓郴缁熷凡琚簲鐢簬濂旈s600姹借溅浜嗐?绋冲畾鐨勬満姊拌嚜鍔郴缁熻兘澶熷湪鍒跺姩鏃跺彂鐜拌倗绔紝骞朵笖鍦椹朵汉鍛樺彂鐜拌兘澶熷弽搴斾互鍓嶅疄鐜拌溅杈嗙殑鍑忛熴?瀹夊叏鐜荤拑锛屽畨鍏甫锛屾挒鍑荤紦鍐插尯锛屽畨鍏皵鍥婏紝abs绯荤粺锛岀壍寮曞姏鎺埗绯荤粺杩樻湁鐜板湪鐨勭瀹氳皟鑺傜郴缁熴傛苯杞畨鍏郴缁熺殑杩炵画鍗囩骇锛屽凡缁忎骇鐢熶簡涓绉嶄负淇濇姢姹借溅鎵鏈夎呭畨鍏殑璁捐妯紡銆傜瀹氳皟鑺傜郴缁熷府鍔椹跺憳浠庝笉鍙帶鍒剁殑鏇茬嚎鍒跺姩涓鑴卞嚭鏉紝浠庤岄伩鍏嶄簡姹借溅鐨勬憜鍔粦琛屽拰浜氫簨鏁呫?鍒敤璁畻鏈哄拰涓绯诲垪浼犳劅鍣紝绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鑳藉

4、妫娴嬪埌鍒跺姩杞殑鎵撴粦骞朵笖姣斾汉鏇村揩鐨勬仮澶嶅姹借溅鐨勬柟鍚戞帶鍒躲傜郴缁熸瘡鐧句竾鍒嗕箣涓绉掍綔鍑轰竴娆揩閫熸崟鎹夛紝浠強鏂柇姹借溅鏄惁鍦寜鐓椹跺憳鐨勮矾绾胯椹躲傚鏋滄娴嬪埌姹借溅琛岄璺嚎鍜岄椹跺憳椹鹃璺嚎瀛樺湪涓涓井灏忕殑鍋忓樊 锛岀郴缁熶細鍦灛闂寸籂姝彂鍔満鎵煩鎴栬呭簲鐢苯杞乏鍙冲埗鍔傝繃绋嬬殑鏍囧噯鍙嶅簲鏃堕棿鏄?0姣-浜虹殑骞冲潎鍙嶅簲鏃堕棿鐨勪竷鍒嗕箣涓銆?缃椾集鐗瑰崥涓栧伐绋嬬郴缁熻礋璐汉瀹変笢路鑼兟锋鐗硅閲婅锛氣滀竴涓瀹氱殑鎺埗绯荤粺鑳藉鈥樻劅瑙夊埌鈥濋椹跺憳鎯宠杩愬姩鐨勬柟鍚戯紝閫氳繃鎺埗杞悜瑙掑害锛屾补闂笍鏉跨殑浣嶇疆锛屽埗鍔澘鐨勭姸鎬佹潵纭畾姹借溅瀹為檯杩愬姩璺嚎鐨

5、勫亸鑸瘮鐜囷紙姹借溅鍋忕鏂瑰悜杞寸殑瑙掑害锛夊拰妯悜鍔犻熷害鈥濄傞鐩礋璐汉闃挎槑路椹嫆棰嗗鐫鑼冩鐗圭殑宸綔灏忕粍鍜屽椹版苯杞叕鍙哥殑宸甯堝彂鏄庝簡绗竴涓畬鍏湁鏁堢殑绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺锛岃绯荤粺鐢卞彂鍔満鎵煩鎺埗绯荤粺锛屽埗鍔郴缁燂紝鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺缁勬垚浠疄鐜扮悊鎯充笌鐜板疄杩愬姩涔嬮棿鐨勬渶灏忓樊璺濄?姹借溅瀹夊叏涓撳鐩镐俊绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鑳藉鍑忓皯浜氫簨鏁呯殑鍙戠敓锛岃嚦灏戞槸鍦激浜弗閲嶇殑浜嬫晠鏂归潰銆傚畨鍏粺璁鏄庯紝澶氭暟鐨勫崟杞挒鍑讳簨鏁呬激浜紙鍗犱激浜簨鏁呭彂鐢熺殑4%锛夛紝浜嬫晠鑳藉閫氳繃搴旂敤杩欓鏂版妧鏈伩鍏嶃傝繖椤规柊绯荤粺鐨勯澶栬垂鐢富瑕佺敤浜庝竴绯诲垪鐩墠姹借溅鏃泭鏅亶

6、搴旂敤鐨勫埗鍔?鐗靛紩鎺埗閿佺粍浠躲?绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鎶鏈娆簲鐢簬娆床鐨勫椹癝600姹借溅锛屾槸鐢卞痉鍥芥柉鍥惧姞鐗瑰競鐨勭綏浼壒鍗氫笘鍏徃鍜屽椹板叕鍙稿湪杩囧幓鍑犲勾鍏卞悓鐮斿埗鐨勩傝绯荤粺鍦崥涓栧叕鍙歌绉颁负姹借溅鍔姏鎺埗锛圴dc锛夛紝鑰岄粯瑗胯开绉板畠涓虹瀹氱數鎺郴缁燂紙esp锛夛紝浣滅敤灏辨槸鍦换浣曠姸鍐典笅缁存寔杞締鐨勭瀹氭傚崥涓栧叕鍙稿紑鍙戜簡杩欓绯荤粺锛屽椹板叕鍙告妸瀹冨簲鐢簬杞締銆傚伐绋嬪笀榛樿杩笣鍦煆鏋楀簲鐢埓濮嗗嫆濂旈姹借溅铏氭嫙椹鹃妯嫙鍣湪鏋侀檺鎯呭喌涓嬪绯荤粺杩涜璇勪及锛屼緥濡傛瀬寮虹殑渚銆傜劧鍚庝粬浠湪鐟炲吀鐨勫畨鏉版櫘鍔抽檮杩戠殑鍚庡鐡畨婀栫殑鍐伴潰涓婅繘琛屾兘娴

7、嬭瘯銆傚伐浣滈氬父鏄湪鍏矾涓婅繘琛屼互閫傜敤浜庡叕鍏辨苯杞拰澶崱杞紝渚嬪閬垮厤鐨勬姌鍚堥棶棰樸?绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺灏嗗湪1995骞翠腑搴旂敤浜庢娲睸绯诲垪浜搧涓婏紝闅忓悗浼氬湪1996骞磋繘鍏編鍥藉競鍦猴紙1995骞?1鏈堜骇鍝侊級銆傜敤鎴峰彲浠夋嫨750缇庡厓鐨勭郴缁燂紝灏卞儚搴旂敤浜庢璧涘痉鏂殑璇曢獙鐢殑v8鍙戝姩鏈轰笂鐨勶紝涔熷彲浠夋嫨浠锋牸涓?400缇庡厓鐨勫簲鐢簬鍏几鍙戝姩鏈烘苯杞殑绯荤粺銆傚悗鑰呯殑绯荤粺涓樊涓嶅鏈?650缇庡厓鏄敤浜庣壍寮曟帶鍒剁郴缁燂紝璇郴缁熸槸绋冲畾鎬郴缁熺殑鍏堝喅鏉欢銆?骞朵笉鏄彧鏈夊崥涓栧叕鍙镐竴瀹跺湪寮鍙戣繖鏍风殑瀹夊叏绯荤粺锛岀編鍥藉瘑姝囨牴宸炵殑it

8、t锛堢編鍥藉浗闄呯數淇叕鍙革級姹借溅鍏徃鐨勫浼仼路甯屽皵锛屽湪1995骞?鏈堝簳鐗瑰緥鍖楃編鍥介檯姹借溅灞曡浼氫笂灞曠浜嗙鐞嗙郴缁燂紙asms锛夛紝鈥滆溅杈嗘帶鍒跺櫒搴旇鍍忕瀵瑰湴瀵煎脊鐨勬帶鍒跺櫒閭牱锛屾瘮杈冭岃锛屼簨瀹炰笂閭凡缁忓疄鐜颁簡锛屼笉鍚岀殑鏄袱鑰呯殑璐圭敤涓嶅悓鈥濓紝缇庡浗鍥介檯鐢典俊鍏徃椹绘娲茬瀵瑰湴瀵煎脊鎺埗宸 璐熻矗浜虹害缈板凹鏂锋牸闆峰緱璇淬傚寳缇嶪tt鍏徃鈥滄苯杞埗鍔拰搴曠洏宸鈥濅富绠堡濮喡烽害鍏规寚鍑猴紝鍦湭鏉崄骞寸編鍥藉浗闄呯數淇叕鍙哥殑绯荤粺瑕侀鍏堝嚭鐜板湪杞締涓娿傚緢澶氬伐绋嬪笀姝湪鍏締鐗规畩鍒堕犵殑绮惧瘑杞締妯瀷涓婅皟璇曡繖绉嶇郴缁熴?涓涓瘮杈冪畝鍗曞拰杈冧綆

9、鏁堢巼鐨勫崥涓栫殑绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺涔熷湪1995骞村嚭鐜板湪鎱曞凹榛戝疂椹叕鍙哥殑ag绯诲垪750il鍜?50ci v-12涓杞笂銆傚疂椹叕鍙哥殑绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺锛圖sc锛夎繍鐢殑杞疆閫熷害浼犳劅鍣悓鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺鍜屾爣鍑咥bs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熶竴鏍疯兘澶熻瘑鍒閮儏鍐碉紝浣胯溅杈嗘洿瀹规槗瀹炵幇鏇茬嚎琛岄鍜岃浆寮備负浜嗘娴嬪嚭杞締杞集鏃舵綔鍦殑鍗遍櫓锛孌sc绯荤粺妫娴嬬殑鏄袱鍓嶈疆鍦浆寮椂鐨勯熷害宸紝dsc绯荤粺娣诲姞浜嗕竴涓洿楂樼骇鐨勮搴紶鎰熷櫒鍒敤鐜版湁鐨勪竴涓溅杈嗛熷害锛屽苟涓斿紩鍏簡瀹冭嚜韬甫鏈夌殑鍏充簬瀹屽叏鎶辨绯荤粺锛岀壍寮曟帶鍒剁郴缁燂紝绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺杞欢鎺埗鍘熺悊銆?鏂

10、扮殑鍗氫笘鍜孖tt鑷姩绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺寰楃泭浜庤埅绌哄伐涓氶珮绾妧鏈殑鍙戝睍锛屽氨鍍忚秴闊抽熷彂鍔満锛屾苯杞殑绋冲畾璋冭妭鍗曞厓杩愮敤涓涓熀浜庤绠楁満绯荤粺鐨勪紶鎰熷櫒鏉皟鍜屼汉涓庣郴缁熶箣闂寸殑锛岃繕鏈夎疆鑳庝笌鍦伴潰涔嬮棿宸紓銆傚彟澶栵紝绯荤粺閲囩敤浜嗙敤浜庡寮瑰埗瀵肩郴缁熺殑鍥炴棆浼犳劅鍣?浼樹簬浼樹簬浼樹簬浼樹簬absabsabsabs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺涔嬪闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺涔嬪闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺涔嬪闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺涔嬪 鏍规嵁鑼兟锋鐗瑰拰鍗氫笘鍏徃鐨勭憺濞溌蜂紛鍝堝痉锛屾澃鐟灺峰笗澶湪銆婃苯杞伐绋嬪笀銆嬫潅蹇楁墍鎻愬

11、埌鐨勶紝绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鏄疉bs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺鐨勫悎鐞嗘墿灞曘備絾鏄疉bs绯荤粺鐨勪綔鐢彂鐢熷湪鍒跺姩鏃惰溅杞浆鍚戝皢琚攣姝绘椂锛岀壍寮曟帶鍒舵槸棰勯槻鍔犻熸椂鐨勮溅杞粦鍔紝绋冲畾绯荤粺鏄綋姹借溅鑷敱杞悜鏃惰兘鐙珛浜庨椹跺憳浣滃嚭鎿嶄綔銆備緷闈犱笉鍚岀殑椹鹃鐘跺喌绯荤粺鍙互浣挎瘡涓溅杞埗鍔垨鑰呰繀閫熶娇鍥涗釜杞浆閫熼傚悎浜庡彂鍔満鐨勬壄鐭紝浠庤屼娇杞締绋冲畾鍜屽噺灏戠敱浜庡埗鍔鎺甫鏉殑鍗遍櫓銆傛柊绯荤粺涓嶄粎浠呮帶鍒跺畬鍏埗鍔繕鍙互浣滅敤涓庨儴鍒嗗埗鍔紝琛岃溅璺嚎锛屽姞閫熷害锛岃溅杞笌鍙戝姩鏈哄姩浣滅殑婊炲悗绛夛紝杩欎簺鏄疉bs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺鎵杩滆繙涓

12、嶈兘杈惧埌鐨勩?涓夌涓诲姩鐨勫畨鍏郴缁熺殑浣滅敤鏃跺埢鏄竴鑷寸殑锛岄偅灏辨槸涓涓溅杞閿佹鎴栬呰溅杞笎娓愬鍘绘柟鍚戠瀹氭垨鑰呰溅杞娇寰楄椹舵洿鍔犲洶闅俱傚鏋滀竴杈嗚溅蹇呴鍦緝浣庢懇鎿郴鏁扮殑璺潰鍒跺姩锛屽繀椤婚伩鍏嶈溅杞姳姝讳互淇濇寔琛岄绋冲畾鎬拰鍙椹舵?abs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺鑳藉棰勯槻渚粦锛岃岀瀹氭郴缁熼噰鍙栧噺灏戜晶闈彈鍔涚殑绋冲畾鎺柦銆傚鏋滆椹惰溅杈嗙殑渚姏涓嶅啀閫傚綋鐨勫垎閰嶅湪涓涓垨鑰呮洿澶氳疆涓婏紝杞締灏变細澶辩锛屽挨鍏舵槸杞締娌挎洸绾胯椹舵椂銆傞椹跺憳鎰熻鍒扮殑鈥滄憞鎽嗏濊捣鍒濇槸杞集鎴栬呬笌杞殑杞寸嚎褰垚涓涓汉閿舰鏃躲備竴涓嫭绔嬬殑浼犳劅鍣繀椤昏兘澶熻瘑鍒繖涓滅

13、汉閿濓紝鑰?abs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺閫氳繃杞疆鐨勮浆閫熶笉鑳芥娴嬭溅杈嗙殑妯悜杩愬姩銆?杞悜鎿嶄綔杞悜鎿嶄綔杞悜鎿嶄綔杞悜鎿嶄綔 鏂扮郴缁熼氳繃瀵瑰井灏忕殑姹借溅涓嶈冻杞悜锛堝綋杞締瀵逛簬鏂瑰悜鐩樻搷浣滃弽搴旇繜缂擄級鍜屾柟鍚戠洏鐨勨滆繃鏁忊濆弽搴旓紙鍚庤疆鍙戠敓鏉洖鎽嗗姩锛夈傚綋杞締鍦浆鍚戞椂濡傛灉鍙戠敓涓嶈冻杞悜鍜岃繃搴浆鍚戣繍鍔椂锛岀瀹氳皟鑺傜郴缁熻兘澶熼氳繃鍚庤疆杩涜鍐呴儴鍒跺姩锛堥拡瀵规洸绾匡級绾犳閿欒銆傝繖绉嶆儏鍐垫槸椹鹃鍛樹笉鑳芥劅瑙夌被浼间簬abs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熸帴杩戜簬鎶辨鏋侀檺锛岃屼娇杞締涓嶅鍘绘帶鍒躲傜瀹氳皟鑺傜郴缁熻兘澶熼氳繃鍙戝姩鏈洪檷閫熸垨鑰呭崟杞埗

14、鍔潵鍑忓皬鎺姩鍔涖?鍗氫笘鍏徃鐨勭爺绌跺憳瑙噴璇达細鈥滀晶闈亸绂昏搴鏄庢鏃惰溅杈嗙殑鍋忚埅鐏垫晱鎬紝骞跺弽鏄犱负杞悜瑙掑害锛岃浆鍚戣搴殢鐫杞締鍋忕瑙掑害鐨勫澶屽噺灏忋備竴鏃亸绂昏搴秴杩囨煇涓闄愬害锛岄椹跺憳灏卞緢闅鹃噸鏂拌繘琛屾搷浣溿傚湪骞茬嚗鐨勮矾闈亸绂昏搴笉鑳藉瓒呰繃10搴紝鑰屽湪绉洩璺潰涓婃瀬闄愬亸绂昏搴负4搴?澶氭暟鍙告満娌湁浠庡埗鍔腑鎭鐨勭粡楠屻備粬浠笉鐭亾杞儙鍜屽湴闈箣闂寸殑鎽摝绯绘暟锛屾洿涓嶇煡閬撲粬浠殑杞殑渚紭绋冲畾杈圭晫銆傚綋鏋侀檺琚啿鐮存椂锛岄椹跺憳閫氬父浼氬緢绱紶浠嚦浜庡仛鍑洪敊璇殑鍙嶅簲銆侷tt鐨勬牸闆锋煆瑙噴璇达細鈥滆繃搴浆鍚戝紩璧疯溅杈嗘憜灏撅紝浣挎苯杞洿蹇殑澶辨帶

15、銆侫sms浼犳劅鍣兘澶熷揩閫熺殑妫娴嬪埌鍒跺姩寮濮嬫椂鍚勪釜杞疆鐨勬椿鍔紝浠庤屼娇杞締鎭鍒扮瀹氳椹惰建閬撱? 瀵逛簬绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鐣岄潰鐨勫彲鎿嶄綔鎬槸寰堥噸瑕佺殑锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠绀哄甫鏈夌瀹氱郴缁熺殑椹鹃鍜屾櫘閫氶椹剁粰浜虹殑鎰熻娌湁浠涔堝尯鍒?绋冲畾绯荤粺鏈澶殑浼樼偣鍦簬閫熷害锛屽畠涓嶄粎鍙互瀵瑰埗鍔綔鍑哄揩閫熷弽搴旓紝杩樺彲浠杞締鐘跺喌锛堜緥濡傝溅閲嶅彉鍖栵紝杞儙纾崯锛夛紝璺潰璐噺浣滃嚭蹇熷弽搴旂粺灏辫兘澶熼氳繃鏀瑰彉渚潰鍙楀姏骞虫澶勭悊锛岃揪鍒版渶濂界殑椹鹃绋冲畾鎬?绋冲畾绯荤粺璇嗗埆椹鹃鍛樻兂杈惧埌鐨勶紙鐞嗘兂璺嚎锛夊拰杞締瀹為檯琛岄璺嚎锛堝疄闄呰矾绾匡級鐨勪笉鍚岋紝鐩墠鐨勬苯杞渶

16、瑕佷竴濂楅珮鏁堢殑浼犳劅鍣拰涓鍙伴珮鏁堝鐞嗕俊鎭殑澶勭悊鍣?鍗氫笘鍏徃鐨刅dc/esp鐢靛瓙鎺埗鍗曞厓鏄竴涓敱涓釜48鍏嗙殑rom缁勬垚鐨勪紶缁熷疄楠岀數璺澘銆傝寖妗戠壒璇达細鈥?8kb鐨勫唴瀛樺閲忔槸澶噺鐢互瀹屾垚璁捐浠诲姟鐨勨樻櫤鑳解欑殑浠鈥濄備粬鍦ae涓寚鍑恒侫bs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熸槸鐙珛鐨勶紝鍙彁渚涘洓鍒嗕箣涓鐨勮繖鏍风殑瀹归噺锛岃孉bs鍜岀壍寮曟帶鍒剁郴缁熺粍鍚堝湪涓璧风殑瀹归噺鍙湁杩欎釜杞欢瀹归噺鐨勪竴鍗娿?闄簡abs闃叉姳姝荤郴缁熷拰鐗靛紩鎺埗绯荤粺鎵鍏锋湁鐨勫叧绯讳紶鎰熷櫒澶栵紝vdc/esp杩愮敤浜嗗亸鑸瘮鐜囦紶鎰熷櫒锛屾鍚戝姞閫熷害浼犳劅鍣紝杞悜瑙掍紶鎰熷櫒锛屽埗鍔帇鍔涗紶鎰

17、熷櫒鏉幏鍙栨苯杞殑鍔犻燂紝鎽囨憜鎴栬呭埞杞殑淇伅銆傜郴缁熼氳繃绠悊鍛樿幏寰楁墍闇鐨勯氬父鐨勮矾闈俊鎭傛柟鍚戠洏涓婄殑浼犳劅鍣敱涓缁勫畨瑁呭湪鏂瑰悜鐩樹笂鐨勫彂鍏変簩鏋佺鍜屽厜鏁忎簩鏋佺涓婄粍鎴愩備竴鍙鍘嬪姏浼犳劅鍣氳繃鎺埗鍓嶈疆鍒硅溅鍐呭帇鍔涙补鐨勫帇鍔涙帶鍒跺埗鍔帇鍔涳紙鍥犱负鍒惰溅鍘嬪姏鏉簮浜庨椹跺憳锛夈? 纭畾杞締瀹為檯鐨勮椹惰矾绾挎槸涓椤归潪甯稿鏉傜殑宸綔銆傞氳繃蹇呴鐨勭旱鍚戞粦鍔溅杞熷害浼犳劅鍣彁渚涚粰鍙嶅悜鍒跺姩鎴栬呯壍寮曟帶鍒剁郴缁熺殑杞疆杞熶俊鍙凤紝浠鍙兘鍙戠敓鐨勫姩浣滀綔鍑虹簿纭殑鍒嗘瀽锛屾棤璁哄浣曚晶鍚戦毦棰勬枡鐨勮繍鍔垎鏋愭槸蹇呴鐨勶紝鎵浠郴缁熷繀椤诲啀鎷撳睍涓釜棰濆鐨勪

18、紶鎰熷櫒-鍋忚埅姣旂巼浼犳劅鍣拰渚悜鍔犻熷害浼犳劅鍣?妯悜鍔犻熷害琛娴嬫部鏇茬嚎琛岄鏃舵墍甯潵鐨勫彈鍔涚姸鍐点傝繖绉嶇被浼肩殑浼犳劅鍣氳繃涓鍙扮洿绾块湇灏斿彂鐢垫満鎶婂脊绨殑鐩寸嚎杩愬姩杞彉鎴愮數淇彿鏉疄鐜板寮圭哀鏈烘瀯鐨勬帶鍒躲傝繖绉嶄紶鎰熷櫒蹇呴寰堢伒鏁忥紝瀹冪殑鎺埗瑙掍负卤1.4g銆?鍋忚埅姣旂巼鍥炶浆浠亸鑸瘮鐜囧洖杞华鍋忚埅姣旂巼鍥炶浆浠亸鑸瘮鐜囧洖杞华 鏈鏂扮殑绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鐨勬牳蹇冨湪浜庣被浼间簬闄铻轰华鐨勫亸鑸瘮鐜囧洖杞华銆備紶鎰熷櫒娴嬮噺杞締瀵圭珫鐩磋酱鐨勬棆杞傝繖涓祴閲忓師鐞嗘潵婧愪簬鑸宸笟锛屽苟涓旇鍗氭柦鍏徃澶妯殑搴旂敤浜庢苯杞伐涓氥傜幇鏈夌殑鍥炶浆浠競鍦烘彁渚涗袱绉嶉

19、夋嫨锛屼竴绉嶆槸搴旂敤涓庤埅绌鸿埅澶笟鐨勪环鍊?000缇庡厓锛堢敱浣嶄簬鑻卞浗缃楀交鏂壒鐨勭編鍥介氱敤鐢靛櫒鍏徃鑸鑲唤鏈夐檺鍏徃鎻愪緵锛夛紝鍙竴绉嶆槸鐢簬鐓浉鏈虹殑浠峰?60缇庡厓銆傜敱sae鎶緱鐭崥鏂藉叕鍙搁噰鍙栦竴绉嶅渾鏌卞舰璁捐鏂规浠疄鐜颁綆鎴愭湰涓嬬殑楂樻兘銆傝繖绉嶄紶鎰熷櫒闇瑕佷竴椤规洿澶殑鎶曡祫浠簲瀵规苯杞墍澶勭殑鏋佺鐜鐘舵併傚悓鏃跺亸鑸瘮鐜囧洖杞华鐨勪环鏍煎繀椤婚檷浣庯紝杩欐牱鎵嶈兘鍏呭垎搴旂敤涓庢苯杞?鍋忚埅姣旂巼鍥炶浆浠湁涓涓鏉傜殑鍐呴儴缁撴瀯锛屽叾鍐呴儴鏄湁涓涓緢灏忕殑鍦嗘煴褰挗绠己鏈嶆祴閲忓厓浠躲傚渾鏌辩殑钖勫涓婃湁鍘嬬數鍏冧欢鑳藉鍦?5鍗冭但鍏圭殑棰戠巼涓嬮渿鍔傚洓瀵硅

20、繖鏍风殑鎰熷簲鍣畨鏀惧湪鍦嗘煴浣撶殑鍛洿锛屼竴瀵瑰厓浠剁殑浣嶇疆涓庡彟涓瀵圭殑浣嶇疆鐩稿銆傚叾涓殑涓瀵归氳繃搴旂敤姝鸡鐢靛帇寮曡捣鏌变綋鍦叾鍥烘湁棰戠巼涓嬩骇鐢熷叡鎸紝骞跺皢鎸姩浼犻佺粰鍙橀鍣傚湪姣忎竴瀵逛紶鎰熷櫒涔嬮棿锛屾尟棰妭鐐圭粫鐫姹借溅鐨勫瀭鐩磋酱浣滅粏寰殑杩愬姩銆傝繖鏃跺鏋滄病鏈夊亸鑸緭鍏紝闇囧姩鏇茬嚎灏辨槸涓鏉瀹氱殑鏇茬嚎銆傚鏋滄湁淇彿杈撳叆锛岃妭鐐圭殑浣嶇疆鍜屾洸绾跨殑娉胺灏变細鍦浉瀵圭殑闃茬嚎缁曠潃鍦嗙瓛澹佸仛鏃嬭浆杩愬姩锛堢閲屽鍒姞閫熷害锛夈傝繖涓交寰殑浣嶇灏变細鎴愪负姹借溅鍋忚埅姣旂巼鐨勫害閲忔爣鍑嗐?璁稿鍙告満閮界浉浜掑浼犱粬浠殑杞締鍦厜婊戣浆寮锛岃溅灏鹃儴灏嗚琚敥鍑哄幓

21、鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鏂扮郴缁熶細鎶婅溅杈嗏滄帹鈥濆洖鍒版纭殑杞抗涓婃柟闈殑缁忛獙銆? 璁稿瑙傚療鍛樻寚鍑猴紝绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺鍙兘浼氫娇鍙告満鍦緝浣庢懇鎿姏鐨勮矾闈笂杩囧垎鑷俊锛屽敖绠粬浠崰灏戞暟銆傛垨璁搁渶瑕佹寚瀵煎徃鏈烘庢牱鏉伆褰撶殑浣跨敤杞締绋冲畾璋冭妭绯荤粺銆傚氨鍍忓綋鍒濊鍙告満瀛範涓嶈兘鍚戦槻鎶辨鍒跺姩绯荤粺閲屾车娌逛竴鏍枫? 铏界劧鍙粙缁嶄簡寰堝皯鐨勫叧浜庝负鏈潵姹借溅鐮斿埗鐨勬柊涓浠富鍔畨鍏郴缁燂紙杩滆繙瓒呰繃浜嗛浄杈炬壂鎻忎华绫讳技鐨勭郴缁燂級锛屼絾閬垮厤浜氫簨鏁呬粛鐒舵槸姹借溅瀹夊叏宸鐨勪富棰樸傜編鍥藉浗闄呯數淇叕鍙歌礋璐汉鎸囧嚭鈥滃綋绋冲畾璋冭妭鎶鏈即闅忕潃姹借溅缁撴瀯鍏潰鎬兘绋虫

22、鎻愰珮鐨勬椂鍊欙紝澶氭暟鍙伩鍏嶇殑浜嬫晠灏嗕笉鍐嶅彂鐢熶簡鈥濄傛柊涓浠殑瀹夊叏绯荤粺涔熶細璧峰埌鍚屾牱鐨勬晥鏋溿? 闄勪欢闄勪欢闄勪欢闄勪欢锛氾細锛氾細spin control for cars stability control systems are the latest in a string of technologies focusing on improved diriving safety. such systems detect the initial phases of a skid and restore directional control in 40 millisec

23、onds, seven times faster than the reaction time of the average human. they correct vehicle paths by adjusting engine torque or applying the left- or-right-side brakes, or both, as needed. the technology has already been applied to the mercedes-benz s600 coupe. automatic stability systems can detect

24、the onset of a skid and bring a fishtailing vehicle back on course even before its driver can react. safety glass, seat belts, crumple zones, air bags, antilock brakes, traction control, and now stability control. the continuing progression of safety systems for cars has yielded yet another device d

25、esigned to keep occupants from injury. stability control systems help drivers recover from uncontrolled skids in curves, thus avoiding spinouts and accidents. using computers and an array of sensors, a stability control system detects the onset of a skid and restores directional control more quickly

26、 than a human driver can. every microsecond, the system takes a snapshot, calculating whether a car is going exactly in the direction it is being steered. if there is the slightest difference between where the driver is steering and where the vehicle is going, the system corrects its path in a split

27、-second by adjusting engine torque and/or applying the cats left- or right-side brakes as needed. typical reaction time is 40 milliseconds - seven times faster than that of the average human. a stability control system senses the drivers desired motion from the steering angle, the accelerator pedal

28、position, and the brake pressure while determining the vehicles actual motion from the yaw rate (vehicle rotation about its vertical axis) and lateral acceleration, explained anton van zanten, project leader of the robert bosch engineering team. van zantens group and a team of engineers from mercede

29、s-benz, led by project manager armin muller, developed the first fully effective stability control system, which regulates engine torque and wheel brake pressures using traction control components to minimize the difference between the desired and actual motion. automotive safety experts believe tha

30、t stability control systems will reduce the number of accidents, or at least the severity of damage. safety statistics say that most of the deadly accidents in which a single car spins out (accounting for four percent of all deadly collisions) could be avoided using the new technology. the additiona

31、l cost of the new systems are on the order of the increasingly popular antilock brake/traction control units now available for cars. the debut of stability control technology took place in europe on the mercedes-benz s600 coupe this spring. developed jointly during the past few years by robert bosch

32、 gmbh and mercedes-benz ag, both of stuttgart, germany, vehicle dynamics control (vdc). in bosch terminology, or the electronic stability program (esp), as mercedes calls it, maintains vehicle stability in most driving situations. bosch developed the system, and mercedes-benz integrated it into the

33、vehicle. mercedes engineers used the state-of-the-art daimler-benz virtual-reality driving simulator in berlin to evaluate the system under extreme conditions, such as strong crosswinds. they then put the system through its paces on the slick ice of lake hornavan near arjeplog, sweden. work is curre

34、ntly under way to adapt the technology to buses and large trucks, to avoid jack-knifing, for example. stability control systems will first appear in mid-1995 on some european s-class models and will reach the u.s. market during the 1996 model year (november 1995 introduction). it will be available a

35、s a $750 option on mercedes models with v8 engines, and the following year it will be a $2400 option on six-cylinder 閴蹭繒刹刹宥徤察轨股?雰?1650 of the latter price is for the traction control system, a prerequisite for stability control. bosch is not alone in developing such a safety system. itt automotive o

36、f auburn hills, mich., introduced its automotive stability management system (asms) in january at the 1995 north american international auto show in detroit. asms is a quantum leap in the evolution of antilock brake systems, combining the best attributes of abs and traction control into a total vehi

37、cle dynamics management system, said timothy d. leuliette, itt automotives president and chief executive officer. asms monitors what the vehicle controls indicate should be happening, compares that to what is actually happening, then works to compensate for the difference, said johannes graber, asms

38、 program manager at itt automotive europe. itts system should begin appearing on vehicles worldwide near the end of the decade, according to tom mathues, director of engineering of brake & chassis systems at itt automotive north america. company engineers are now adapting the system to specific car

39、models from six original equipment manufacturers. a less-sophisticated and less-effective bosch stability control system already appears on the 1995 750il and 850ci v-12 models from munich-based bmw ag. the bmw dynamic stability control (dsc) system uses the same wheel-speed sensors as traction cont

40、rol and standard anti-lock brake (abs) systems to recognize conditions that can destabilize a vehicle in curves and corners. to detect such potentially dangerous cornering situations, dsc measures differences in rotational speed between the two front wheels. the dsc system also adds a sensor for ste

41、ering angle, utilizes an existing one for vehicle velocity, and introduces its own software control elements in the over allantilock-brake/traction-control/stability-control system. the new bosch and itt automotive stability control systems benefit from advanced technology developed for the aerospac

42、e industry. just as in a supersonic fighter, the automotive stability control units use a sensor-based computer system to mediate between the human controller and the environment - in this case, the interface between tire and road. in addition, the system is built around a gyroscopelike sensor desig

43、n used for missile guidance. beyond abs and traction control stability control is the logical extension of abs and traction control, according to a society of automotive engineers paper written by van zanten and bosch colleagues rainer erhardt and georg pfaff. whereas abs intervenes when wheel lock

44、is imminent during braking, and traction control prevents wheel slippage when accelerating, stability control operates independently of the drivers actions even when the car is free-rolling. depending on the particular driving situation, the system may activate an individual wheel brake or any combi

45、nation of the four and adjust engine torque, stabilizing the car and severely reducing the danger of an uncontrolled skid. the new systems control the motion not only during full braking but also during partial braking, coasting, acceleration, and engine drag on the driven wheels, circumstances well

46、 beyond what abs and traction control can handle. the idea behind the three active safety systems is the same: one wheel locking or slipping significantly decreases directional stability or makes steering a vehicle more difficult. if a car must brake on a low-friction surface, locking its wheels sho

47、uld be avoided to maintain stability and steerability. whereas abs and traction control prevent undesired longitudinal slip, stability control reduces loss of lateral stability. if the lateral forces of a moving vehicle are no longer adequate at one or more wheels, the vehicle may lose stability, pa

48、rticularly in curves. what the drive刹閫绢鍗婎靲股察轨股察?fishtailing is primarily a turning or spinning around the vehicles axis. a separate sensor must recognize this spinning, because unlike abs and traction control, a cars lateral movement cannot be calculated from its wheel speeds. spin handlers the new

49、systems measure any tendency toward understeer (when a car responds slowly to steering changes), or over-steer (when the rear wheels try to swing around). if a car understeers and swerves off course when driven in a curve, the stability control system will correct the error by braking the inner (wit

50、h respect to the curve) rear wheel. this enables the driver, as in the case of abs, to approach the locking limit of the road-tire interface without losing control of the vehicle. the stability control system may reduce the vehicles drive momentum by throttling back the engine and/or by braking on i

51、ndividual wheels. conversely, if the hteral stabilizing force on the rear axle is insufficient, the danger of oversteering may result in rear-end breakaway or spin-out. here, the system acts as a stabilizer by applying the outer-front wheel brake. the influence of side slip angle on maneuverability,

52、 the bosch researchers explained, shows that the sensitivity of the yaw moment on the vehicle, with respect to changes in the steering angle, decreases rapidly as the slip angle of the vehicle increases. once the slip angle grows beyond a certain limit, the driver has a much harder time recovering b

53、y steering. on dry surfaces, maneuverability is lost at slip-angle values larger than approximately 10 degrees, and on packed snow at approximately 4 degrees. most drivers have little experience recovering from skids. they arent aware of the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road and

54、 have no idea of their vehicles lateral stability margin. when the limit of adhesion is reached, the driver is usually caught by surprise and very often reacts in the wrong way, steering too much. oversteering, itts graber explained, causes the car to fishtail, throwing the vehicle even further out

55、of control. asms sensors, he said, can quickly detect the beginning of a skid and momentarily activate the brakes at individual wheels to help return the vehicle to a stable line. it is important that stability control systems be user-friendly at the limit of adhesion - that is, to act predictably in a way similar to normal driving. the biggest advantage of stability control is its speed - it can respond immediately not only to