阅读理解中的议论文解题思路

1、.（2011年江西卷）DWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often a

2、sked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for explorin

3、g space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its

4、 effects.（回答第一个问题）/ Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The tec

5、hniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses

6、 are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist./ （回答第二个问题）While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to

7、 save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Eart

8、h is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.71. Why does the author mention the questio

9、ns in Paragraph1? C 推理题A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To introduce points for discussion.D. To describe the conditions on Earth.72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2? A 主旨大意题A. Humans are nature-born to do so.B. Humans have the tendency to fight.C.

10、 Humans may find new sources of food.D. Humans dont like to stay in the same place.73. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to_C_. 推理题A. survival chancesB. potential resourcesC. unexpected benefitsD. physical possessions74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other

11、 planets? C 细节题A. Our genetic makeup.B. Resources on the earth.C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration.75. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? D 主旨大意题A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.C

12、. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.阅读理解解题技巧：1. 采用两种方法：一是 题干=文章=做题 二是主题=题干=文章=做题。建议采用第二种方法，议论文一般在开头就能猜到文章讲述的主题和中心思想，再看题干，带着问题读文章，质的注意的一点是议论文一般围绕着中心论点展开，每段或有一到两个分论点，并通过举例子，正反对比等方法进行阐述，在读的过程中可以做适当的标记。2. 基

13、本题型有四种：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题和判断词义题。（1） 主旨大意题：A. 常见的题干形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text?/what is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is.B. 解题技巧主题句定位法：主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾。因此，仔

14、细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。主题句可能出现首段，尾段，也可能需要综合各段大意把握文章的中心思想。 C. 注意：错误选项的设置往往范围过宽过过窄，即概括太全或不全，以细节代替抽象的大意。（2） 细节理解题 A. 命题方式有： （1）特殊疑问句形式。以when，where。whatwhichwho，how much, many等疑问词开头引出的问题。 （2）以是非题的形式：true / false. not true/ false或EXCEPT

15、： （3）以According to开头提问方式： （4）以填空题的形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. B. 细节题不需要通读全文，而是定位某一段话，通过仔细通读上下文来得出答案。细节题的答案一般不会和原文中的句子一样，只是换种表达方式而已，但细节题是考生容易失分的项目，究其原因，这类题所设置的“陷阱”不少。C. 注意：(1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容； (2)符合常识，但不是文章内容： (3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动： (4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反： (5)一半正

16、确，一半错误3. 推理判断题: A. 这种问题的提问方式通常有： (1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that_. (2) We can infer from the text that./What can we learn from.? (3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _. (4) The author implies that by the year 2050, _. (5) To solve the present social problems

17、 the author suggests that we should _. (6) The author mentions the fact that.to show _ (7) This passage would most likely be found in _?B. 解题技巧 做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。C. 注意： (1

18、) 深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义, 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 (2) 推理的源泉来自于上下文的语境、语气等， (3) 紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像，(4) 把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理，决不能以偏概全、见树不见林。4. 词义猜测题A. 常见的问题形式 The word“”refers to / probably means/could best be replaced by_ The word“”is most likely to mean_ What do you think the expression“_”st

19、and for? The underlined word“”means_.B. 解题技巧 （1）定义法：信号词（be, be called, means, be defined, that is ,that is to say) His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. （2）对比法: 信号词有yet, but while, though, however ,otherwise, instead of Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his ne

20、ck still remains grubby. （3）相似法: 信号词有or, like, asas, the same as. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. （4）因果法: 信号词有 because, since ,as, for, due, so, therefore, sothat， suchthat, thus The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when i

21、t is shallow. （5）举例法: cars must have certain safety devices, such as seat belt, headlight, and good brakes. （6）构词法: 前后缀 super- mini- micro- re- un- in- -less -able -wards (7) 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。 He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that so