非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用)

1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词：a.动词不定式b. v-ing c.过去分词概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动 词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有 成 分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句 (谓语动 词)，又没有连词的情 况下，还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式.动词不定式的时态和被动形式动号1. 一般式to do构2.进行式to be

2、doi ngI time.He 3.完成式 to have done4.被动式 to be done词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符 (to)加动词原形成。不定式的形式有五种：like to read English.seemed to be reading something at thatHe seemed to have cleaned the roo m.The work is to be done soon.5. 完成被动式 to have been doneThe boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterda y.疑问词

3、 + 动词不定式What, who, which, where, whe n, how, why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1) 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe .Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主语， 将to do位于之后，使句子保持平衡 句型 1 : It +谓语 +(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to doIt takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.It costs

4、you only $ 100 a month to cook at home.It seemed impossible to save money.句型 2: It's + n(+. for sb) + to doIt ' s our du _tyto _ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the countryside.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party .句型 3 : It is + adj

5、 ( + for sb ) to do sth (是形容事物的性质的)It is + adj(+ of sb ) to do sth (是形容人的品质的)It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is very kind of you to give me some help.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.疑问词+不定式 作主语When to start remains undecided.1. It is easy to get there b

6、y bus or taxi.2. It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds.3. It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating.4. It's our duty to take good care of the old.5. How long did it take you to finish the work?6. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.7. W

7、hen to start has not been decided.8. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.9. It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.10. It is useful for our health to do morning exercises.11. 作宾语 接不定式做宾语| want to know this matter.I don ' t expect to meet you here(1) 常见动词

8、有 ： like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, fail,manage, learn, seem, forget, want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish 等They want to get_ ( get ) on the bus, didn ' t they?He said he wished _ to be ( be ) a professor.it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting .I find/feel it inte

9、resting to work with him .Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + t ? o do sth.1. We thoughtt_ better _to_ start early.2. Do you considert_ better not _to_ go?3. I feelt_ my duty _to_ change all that.4. We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law.5.1 know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish s

10、o much homework in a day .疑问词"+不定式作宾语常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.The dictionary didn ' t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word.(4)作介词 but, except, besid

11、es 的宾语。Can' t choose but doCan' t help but do/have no choice to doDo nothing but do Practice :1. Would you like to go to Thailand? (would like to do sth.)2. The driver failed to see the other car in time.3. I think it our duty to obey the laws.4. Do you know how to play football?5. I found i

12、t difficult to see him here.6. Here are some ideas about how to find cheap, fun things to do with your family on weekends.7. Many people like to go to a restaurant.8. I haven't decided whether to go or sta y.9. Everyone wants to have a happy weekend.10. She hope I ' ll advise her which to ch

13、oose.III.作宾语补足语1. I ' gellt someone _to_ repair the recorder for you .2. What caused him _to_ change his mind? v.+ sb.+ to doadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+ sb. to do 注意：(1)在动词 fee

14、l ( 一感 )， hear, listen to (二听)，have, let,make (三使),notice, see, watch, observe, look at (五看 )(即：吾 看三室两 厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被 动语态后，必须带to。v.+ sb.+ doLet's go to Thailand right now.(let sb. do sth.)They saw the boy fall off the tree . (see sb. do sth.)The boy was seen to fall off the tree.He i

15、s often heard to sing (sing) the song.Though he often made his deskmate cry (cry) .Today he was made to cry (cry) byhis deskmate. (make sb. do sth.)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him ( to) clean the room. help sb. (to) do sth.I helped him (to) find his things .比较：The professor told the s

16、tudents how to do the experiment .The professor told the students to do the experiment.Practice:1. No one lets you sit in the office.2. I want you to know some rules.3. I heard her sing toda y. She sang wonderful.4. We watched the children play games.5. Do you feel the house shake?6. The boss made t

17、he workers work for 12 hours a day.7. We were made to make ten sentences with these words.8. I'm waiting for Tom to give the answer.9. Would you like her sing a song for us?10. Did anyone notice a strange man come into the bank?IV .作定语I have somethi ng to tell you.( 不定式作定语 )1. 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She i

18、s always the last to leave the roo m.We need someone to help with the work.She is always the first to answer questions.2. 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no chance to go there.He made a promise to be a good boy.There is no need to build a dam on the small river.3. 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash to

19、day?One of the most interesting places to visit in Singapore is Bird Park.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词He bought a cupto drink water with .I have nothing to complain about . He is looking for a room to live in .Practice :1. Each member can choose a film for the evening to watch together.2. He sat dow

20、n at a table and waited for someone to take his order. 3.1s this the best way to help him?4. Please give me something to drink.5. She has a child to take care of.6. He is not the kind of man to do such things.7. It is already time to begin our class.8. Thank you for giving me the chance to make the

21、speech.9. She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.10. You are the only person to be late. V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。I came here to see you .目的We were very excited to hear the news 原因 He hurried to the school to find nobody there . 结果1 作目的状语 表示谓语动作的目的，其逻辑主语通常是句子的 主 语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时， 动词不定式可用in order

22、to +V.原 形so as to +V.原形但so as to不用于句首。The student saved much money to buy a new mobile phone . He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.=In order to catch the first bus, he got up earl y.People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet to satisfysatisfy their nutritional

23、needs .2作结果状语 不定式作结果状语时，多表示出乎意料的结果，其 逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强 可在不定式前加上on ly.I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语时，常用于 so? as to ? ,such ? as to ? , enough to ? , too ? to?,only to ?等结构中。如：She was so late to

24、miss half of the lecture .She is such a good teacher as to be repected by all her students.The house is large enough to hold two hundred people .The hat is too large to wear.He walks too slowly to get there on time.作原因状语。不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frighte ned,shock

25、ed, glad, delighted, dissapointed 等。They were surprised to be informed of the news.She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. Practice:1.1 ' m glad to show you around the zoo on such a beautiful day.2. When people are too tired to cook after work, they often get a“ takeaway .3. T

26、art apples are used to make apple sauce.4. One day he went to a cafeteria to have lunch.5. I am too tired to think of anything now.6.1 work hard to pass the exa m.7. You couldn ' t do that to save your life.8. The tea is too hot to drink.9. English is too difficult for me to lear n.10. This ques

27、tion is too hard for me to answer. W .作表语 动词不定式往往 放在连系动词be的后面作表语。1常说明主语的内容、性质、特 征 My wish is to become a teacher.Your job today is to clean the playground.To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to yourself .My suggestion is to put off the meeting .( 2 ) 动词不定式作表语，表示将来They are to marry next week.You a

28、re to deliver these flowers before 10 疑问词 + 不定式 作表语 The question is where to get the medicine.The di fficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of mone y. Practice1. His dream is to be a doctor.2. The next step is to turn on the TV.3. The purpose of educati on is to develop a fine pers on

29、 ality in childre n.4. Now my task is to finish the compositio n.5. The question was how to do the job well.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义I have something important to do.In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer.The box is not easy to carry.动词不定式综合练习I. 1 want to give up this job

30、 but I have to support my famil y.2. It will be difficult to live like this after they take back the house next July.3. It took me 3 days to learn the English song.4. The passage tells you what to do in the first few minutes.5. Everyone should know how to call for help in their area.6. The teachers

31、also help them to do these things.7. To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.8. Which of them would you most like to visit?9. I feel it my duty to help others.10. The earth is better place to live on, but scientists are trying to make the best use of the moon.II. The birthday

32、 child wears new clothes to mark the special time.12. A flag is flown outside a window to show that someone who lives in that house is having a birthda y.13. The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.14. Something is still to find out.16. How to make requests politely is import

33、ant.17. You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.18. It was necessary for her to talk with his mother.19. As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.20. I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.21. He was found to steal in the shop.22. She was th

34、e first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games23. The man downstairs found it difficult to fall asleep.24. Do you have the ability to read and write English ?25. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.26. There is nothing to worry about.27. I allowed the children to play in my room

35、 for another five minutes.28. The doctor advised me not to go to bed too late.29. We want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.30. Did you find it hard to solve the problem? 动词的 ing 形式(v-ing/doing ).动词的ing的根本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I don &#

36、39; t remembhearv ing ever been given a chance to do it. 二 .v-ing 的功用 v-ing相当于adj. adv. n.的功能，所以，在句中可以作：主语，宾 语, 定语，状语，表语，宾语补足语1.作主语Smoking does great harm to people' s health.Helping her is my dut y.Collecti ng stamps is a good hobby. 与动词不定式作主语的区别。V-ing形式作主语，表示一般性、经常性的动作。表示一次性的动作多用不定时。Walking/To

37、 walk is a good form of exercise for both young and old. To walk there /Walking there is impossible.(2)不定式作主语常用it作形式主语，v-ing作主语常位于句首。 只 有某些习惯用语如no use, no good作表语用时，才用it作其他 形式主It is no good/use doing sth.It is a waste of time/money doing sth.It is great fun doing sth.It is no use watching too much T

38、V.It is no good talking to him , because he never listens.3句子主语假设是不定式，主语也用不定式；句子表语假设是v-ing ，主语也用v-ing。To see is to believe ./Seeing is believing.Talking to him is talking to a wall .2作表语，表抽象的，一般的行为， 表主语的特征、 性质和内容。It sounds interesting.The book seems boring .My job is looking after childre n.3作宾语，既可以

39、作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。She sat there without speak ing.以下动词或短语只v-i ng形式作宾语： admit 成认，avoid 防止，躲避 ，appreciate 感谢，consider 考 虑，enjoy 享受，喜欢 ,escape 逃脱，finish 完成，keep doing一直做 ，mi nd 介意，suggest 建议，delay 耽误，de ny 否认，excuse 原谅，practice 练习，resist 抗拒 等动词。I have fini shed read ing the no vel.Do you mind buying a d

40、icti onary for me on the In ter net ?The little boy admitted taking away the money in the drawer .She kept waving to her husba nd un til he was out of sight. ca n't help 禁不住放弃，feel like 想要，keep on 继续，thi nk of 考虑，set about 着手，开始做 ，dream of 梦见， 梦想，have difficulty/trouble in做？有困难，be busy in忙 于，put

41、 off 推迟等短语。When my father heard the news, he couldn't help laughing .I don ' feet l like going to see the film.He was busy (in) preparing his lessons.He kept on working until midnight though he was tied.在以下短语中，to 是介词，后面应用v-ing 作宾语。be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, payattention to,

42、object to, get down to 等。I look forward to seeing him agai n.Are you used to living there alone ? 以下动词或短语，既可以跟v-ing作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，表示经常性的行为v-ing ；但意义上有区别。后接love, like, prefer, hate表示具体的行为常用动词不定式I like swimmi ng , but I don lik ' e t o swim this after noon . 但要注意，如果 like, love, prefer前有would，后面择接动

43、词不定式。Would you like to go shopp ing with me?What would you prefer to eat toni ght? 下面几组词接v-ing作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义不同doing sth.忘记已做过某事。forgetto do sth.忘记要做某事doing sth.记得做过某事rememberto do sth.记得要做某事doing sth.懊悔做过某事regretto do sth.遗憾要做某事doing sth.意味着mea nto do sth.打算做某事 doing sth禁不住做某事can' t help(to)do s

44、th. 不能帮助做某事-ingsee ,用来 间、结v-ingto do sth.努力做某事trydoing sth试着做某事to do sth.停下来去做某事stopdoing sth停下正在做的事情 to do sth.继续做原来的事情go ondoing sth.继续做正在做的事be worth其后动词need, require, want作“需要讲时，以及v-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。Your coat wants washing .二 Your coat wants to be washed.The method needsimproving .This pair of shoe

45、s requires mending.The question is well worth discussing4 .作宾语补足语，补充说明主语的性质或状态。常跟动词的 作补语的动词有：表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有watch , hear, feel ,smell , find , notice , observe , catch 等等。I could feel my heart beating fast.使役动词。常见的有have , set, keep , get, leave 等。They had the light burning all night .5. 作定语。We hav

46、e got a swimming pool in our school.Do you know the boy standing at the gate?6. 作状语，它作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可以表示时果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。 表示时间。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Seei ng its mother, the baby smiled.当强调与谓语动词同时发生时，在前可以用连词 when或while.Be careful whe n cross

47、 ing the street. 表示原因。Being ill , he went home. 表示条件。Work ing hard, you will succeed. 表示结果。The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the whole area. 表示伴随，v-ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句代替。She sat at the desk readi ng a n ewspaper.They walked on the way home, singing and laug

48、hing . 三. v-ing 的复合结构 v-ing前可以加一个 物主代词 或名词所有格 来表示这个v-ing的逻 辑 上的主语，构成1. v-ing复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代Nixon ' vsisiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomaticrelations.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.2. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，v-ing复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。The d

49、octor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionall y. Do you mindJack' s/Jack leaving now?I ' m afraid of the tent falling down.Practice1. Playing basketball is very interesting.2. He likes playing basketball.3. The girls in our class aren ' t interested in playing football .4.

50、My hobby is playing basketball .5. The boy playing basketball on the playground is our monitor.6. I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground.7. After having played basketball , he felt tired.8. His parents died, leaving him a lot of mone y.9. Many people come to the parks, looking for

51、 relaxations and entertainment.10. He admitted having done wrong.11. The room wants cleaning.12. His not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.13. The problem needs working out.14. The students ' knowing English well will help them to learnFrench.15. Do you remember John and his

52、father coming to see us last Christmas?16. Besides, smoking does harm to brains and it can influence studies.17. We don ' t need to go far to find an interesting site.18. Instead of traveling to famous sites on the other side of the country, we can find out more about our own local historical fl

53、avor.19. I remembered setting up a tent and sleeping outside with my families.20. Learning about computers can be like learning how to ride a bikeor drive a car.21. To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.22. He forgot buying the book several days ago. As a result, he bought another one yest

54、erda y.23. You can try writing some compositions in English.24. The teacher asked the students in the class to stop talking.25. The little boy couldn' t help crying after his toys had been takenawa y.26. The scientist began his career in 1975 by working on a rice research project in his home cou

55、ntry.27. The movie was definitely worth seeing.28. The mechanic went on checking the machine in the factory afterthe leader' s coming.29. Mr. Hu came in the classroom, carrying a handbag in his right hand.30. The manager found the clerk playing computer games at work.过去分词过去分词相当于 adj.和adv.的功能，所以，

56、它可以作定语，状 语, 宾语补足语和表语。过去分词的用法，一是表完成，二是表 被动。 规那么动词的过去分词以 -ed结尾构成，不规那么动词的过去分词变化见不规那么动词表。1.作定语： 过去分词作定语，如果是单个的词，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。如果是过去分词短语作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。a broken cup 只打破的杯子 被动spoken English 口语被动a retired worker退休的工人完成badly- built house修得很差的房子完成 newly- arrived visitors 新来的参观者完成well- behaved children 表现好的

57、孩子完成注意：过去分词作定语与v-ing形式，动词不定式作定语的区别。the risen sun已升起的太阳完成the rising sun正在上升的太阳进行the fallen leaves落在地上的叶子完成the falling leaves正在飘落的叶子进行Have you read the book writte n by Lu Xun ? Have you see n the pers on writi ng the book ?I have an important letter to write .The bridge ,built in 1950 ,broke dow n yesterday. The workers hav ing built the bridge have left here.The w