会计英语Chapter1GeneralViewofAccounting课件

1、会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountinggeneral view of accounting chapter 1会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingintroduction of accounting* second oldest profession* participated in the development of nations, trade, finance, money and banking * double-entry bookkeeping fueled the renaissance会计英语chapter1g

2、eneralviewofaccountingintroduction of accountingluca pacioli (1445-1517) summa di arithmetica treatise on book-keepingpeople have understood accounting on a scientific principle in italy 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingintroduction of accountingjohn gouge, 1543john gouge, 1543 the first known eng

3、lish book on accounting a profitable treatyce called the instrument or boke a profitable treatyce called the instrument or boke to learn to know the good order of the kepying of the to learn to know the good order of the kepying of the famouse reconynge, called in latyn, dare and habdare,famouse rec

4、onynge, called in latyn, dare and habdare, and, in englysh debitor and creditor and, in englysh debitor and creditor. . 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingintroduction of accountingthe first public recognition of accountants a bankruptcy acta bankruptcy act in 1831 it mentions accountants alongside

5、merchants and it mentions accountants alongside merchants and bankers as properly skilled to conduct audits.bankers as properly skilled to conduct audits. 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingintroduction of accountingmanagement accountingmanagement accounting world war one (1914-1918)world war one (1

6、914-1918) accountants assist in the control of costs in relationaccountants assist in the control of costs in relation to the production of ammunitions: bullets, bombs, to the production of ammunitions: bullets, bombs, explosives, etc.explosives, etc. 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingintroduction

7、of accountingafter the second world warafter the second world wardevelopment of accountingdevelopment of accountingenronenron financial scandalfinancial scandal in august 2002, thein august 2002, the sarbanes-oxley actsarbanes-oxley act is passed in the united states.is passed in the united states.

8、会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingaccounting definition accounting bookkeeping it is the means of recording transactions it is the means of recording transactions and keeping records.and keeping records. accountingaccountingbookkeepingbookkeeping is the day-to-day record-keeping involved in bookkee

9、ping is the day-to-day record-keeping involved in the process of accounting.the process of accounting. 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingaccounting definition accountingaccountingaccurate financial accurate financial reportsreportsuseful to managers, regulators, anduseful to managers, regulators, a

10、nd shareholders, creditors or owners shareholders, creditors or owners会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting accounting definitionmajor goal of major goal of accountingaccountinganalysisanalysis interpretationinterpretation use of informationuse of information 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting accoun

11、ting definitionthe american institute of certified public accountantsthe american institute of certified public accountants“the art of recording, classifying, and summarizingthe art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, in a significant manner and

12、in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of a financial character, and interpreting the resultsof a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof.” thereof.” (aicpa)(aicpa) early definitions of accounting

13、 focused on the early definitions of accounting focused on the traditional record-traditional record-keeping functionskeeping functions of the accountant. of the accountant.会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting accounting definitionthe modern definition of accountingthe modern definition of accounting

14、 it is defined as an information system that measures, it is defined as an information system that measures, processes, and communicates financial informationprocesses, and communicates financial information about an identifiable economic entity. about an identifiable economic entity. encyclopediaen

15、cyclopedia accounting is defined as the process of maintaining, accounting is defined as the process of maintaining, auditing, and processing financial information for auditing, and processing financial information for business purposes.business purposes. 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting accounti

16、ng definitionthe modern accountantthe modern accountant record-keepingrecord-keepingplanning and problem solvingplanning and problem solvingcontrol and attention directingcontrol and attention directingevaluationevaluationreviewreviewauditingauditing会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting accounting def

17、initionbusiness activities accountingdatauseful information decision maker会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting the users of accounting information users those who have a direct interest in the business including management; 2. those who have indirect interest in the business. 会计英语chapter1generalviewo

18、faccounting users with direct financial interest present and potential investors present and potential creditors management会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting managementmanagement management is the group in a business who has management is the group in a business who has overall responsibility for o

19、perating the business overall responsibility for operating the business and for achieving the business goals. and for achieving the business goals. owners of the businessowners of the business hired managers hired managers 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingmajor function of accounting to provide ma

20、nagement with relevant and usefulto provide management with relevant and useful information information such as:such as: what was the companys net income during the past year?what was the companys net income during the past year? what products are most profitable? what products are most profitable?

21、what is the cost of manufacturing each product? what is the cost of manufacturing each product? management会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting present and potential investorsthey are interested in the past success of the businessthey are interested in the past success of the business and its potentia

22、l earnings in the future. and its potential earnings in the future. operating results of businessoperating results of businessprofit sharing policyprofit sharing policymake decisionsmake decisionswhether to increase, or whether to increase, or decrease investmentsdecrease investments会计英语chapter1gene

23、ralviewofaccounting present and potential creditorsthey are interested in whether the company willthey are interested in whether the company will have the cash to pay the interest and repay the have the cash to pay the interest and repay the debt at fixed time. debt at fixed time. banksfinance compa

24、niesmortgage companiessecurities firmsinsurance firmssuppliersindividuals会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting users with indirect financial interest tax authorities other groups 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting tax authoritiestax authorities dont have directtax authorities dont have direct financi

25、al interest in the company, financial interest in the company, but they usually analyze the tax but they usually analyze the tax status undertaken by a business status undertaken by a business to establish tax policy. to establish tax policy. governmentsincome taxesincome taxessocial securitysocial

26、securitypayroll taxespayroll taxesexcised taxesexcised taxes sales taxes sales taxeseach tax requires special tax returns and each tax requires special tax returns and often a complex set of records as well. often a complex set of records as well. 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccounting other groupsthey

27、 advise investors and creditors and have an they advise investors and creditors and have an indirect interest in the financial performance ofindirect interest in the financial performance of a business. a business. financial analysts and advisersbrokerslawyerseconomiststhe financial press会计英语chapter

28、1generalviewofaccounting other groupscustomersthe general publicthey are concerned about the operating results, the they are concerned about the operating results, the effects that corporations have on inflation, the effects that corporations have on inflation, the environment, social problems, and

29、the quality of life.environment, social problems, and the quality of life. other group会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingaccounting professionpublic accountinggovernment accountinginternal auditingmanagement accounting会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingpublic accountantscertified certified public pu

30、blic accountantsaccountants 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingthe work of public accountantswork for their own compaywork for other accouting companies provide accounting services to individuals, businesses, and governments concentrate on tax mattersspecialize in forensic accounting 会计英语chapter1gen

31、eralviewofaccountinggovernment accountantswork for the localwork for the local or state level or state level 会计英语chapter1generalviewofaccountingthe work of government accountantskeep and examine the records of government units administer and formulate budgets, to track costs and to analyze programs they must follow special procedures and regulations and reports for government officials 会计英语chapter1generalvi