职称英语强化班完形填空部分文章精讲讲义

1、目 录前 言3第二部分 完形填空5综合类-c级5a life with birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】5a lucky break【幸运的骨折】5global warming【全球变暖】7a success story【一个成功的故事】8traffic in our cities【城市的交通】9综合类-b级10teaching and learning【教与学】10the difference between man and computer【人与电脑的区别】11look on the bright side【看光明的一面】12the first bicycle【第一辆自行车】12working

2、 mothers【职业母亲】14综合类-a级14school lunch【学校午餐】15a powerful influence【强大的影响】15the old gate【古老之门】16family history【家族史】17helen and martin【海伦和马丁】18理工类-c级20captain cook arrow legend【库克船长弓箭的传说】20germs on banknotes【纸币上的病菌】21wonder webs【奇妙的网】22a biological clock【生物钟】23car thieves could be stopped remotely【远程制止偷

3、车贼】24singing alarms could save the blind【警报器救盲人】25animal's "sixth sense"【动物的“第六感”】26chicken soup for the soul: comfort food fights loneliness【心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感】27avalanche and its safety【雪崩和安全问题】28an intelligent car【智能汽车】30理工类-b级31climate change poses major risks for unprepared cities【气候变

4、化给不备城市带来重大风险】31free statins with fast food could neutralize heart risk【快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险】32理工类-a级32solar power without solar cells【没有太阳能电池的太阳能】32sharks perform a service for earth's waters【鲨鱼有益于地球水系】34“liquefaction” key to much of japanese earthquake damage【“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键】35卫生类-c级37better

5、control of tb seen if a faster cure is found【找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病】37diet, alcohol linked to nearly one third of cancers【大约三分之一的癌症与饮食和酒精有关】38one good reason to let smallpox live【一个让天花存在的好理由】40going on a diet【节食】41men too may suffer from domestic violence【男性也可能是家庭暴力的受害者】42卫生类-b级44hospital mistreatment【医院里

6、的虐待】44exercise【体育运动】45many women who beat cancer don't change habits【许多战胜癌症的妇女旧习未改】46old and active【老而有用】47once-daily pill could simplify hiv treatment【一天服用一次的药丸可以简化hiv病毒治疗】48卫生类-a级50dreams【梦之闲话】50a health profile【健康概貌】51migrant workers【移民工人】52scientists develop ways of detecting heart attack【科学

7、家探索发现心脏病的方法】53life expectancy in the last hundred years【上世纪人类平均寿命的变化】54完形填空参考答案56前 言l 职称英语等级考试介绍全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人力资源和社会保障部专业技术人员管理司组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分a、b、c三个等级。a、b、c三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。每个等级的考试

8、各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。1. 考试内容及试卷结构如下：考试内容及试卷结构一览表题型材料内容答题要求题量分值第一部分词汇选项(四选一) 15个句子给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1515第二部分阅读判断(三选一)1篇短文 (300450词)给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断(正、误、没有直接或间接提到)。77第三部分概括大意与完成句子(选择搭配) 1篇短文 (300450词)分两部分：1概括大意

9、(6选4)；2完成句子(6选4)。88第四部分 阅读理解 (四选一)3篇短文(各300450词)每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。1545第五部分补全短文(选择搭配)1篇短文(300450词)短文中有5处空白，要求应试者通读短文并将移出的部分重新放回短文的相应位置(6选5)。510第六部分完形填空(四选一)1篇短文(300450词)短文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者从中选出1个最佳答案。15152. 考试要求学员：级别阅读任务量词汇量语法阅读理解能力a3000词左右阅读任务6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语1. 考试不直接对应试者所掌

10、握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：2. 英语句子的基本语序及其意义；3. 英语句子的结构和常用句型；4. 各种时、体的形式及其意义；5. 各种从句的构成及其意义；6. 句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2. 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3. 利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；4. 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系； 5. 根据所读材料进行判断和推论；6. 领会作者的观点、意图和态度。b2600词左右阅读任务5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语c2200词左右阅读任务4000个左右的单词和一

11、定数量的短语3. 职称英语考试词典的要求：职称英语考试是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典不允许带入考场： （1） 有职称字样的词典不要带入考场； （2） 针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场； （3） 电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。 其它的词典国家没有明确的规定。因此建议尽量选择具备同义词、收词量相对较大的词典，如新思维简明英汉词典等。4. 讲义使用说明强化班讲义主要依据职称英语考试大纲题型和国家指定教材内容进行编辑整理。授课老师会针对不同题型的文章内容进行全面系统的精讲，授课同时融合了老师对每个题型自己多年总结和积累的解题技巧和方法等，帮助学员

12、在对教材中的重点文章有一个全面而深入了解的同时，提高综合分析和解题能力。通过强化班的学习，使学员对国家指定教材中的内容有一定的了解和记忆，且能在短时间内帮助学员得到综合阅读能力上的快速提高，为学员顺利通过考试、进行冲刺阶段的巩固学习打下坚实的基础。l 强化班讲义对阅读理解题型的文章是按照类别和级别进行分类整理的，其中文章标题后标有括号且标有其他级别和类别时表示该文章还在其他的类别和级别中出现，就不再进行重复印刷。l 强化班讲义只对阅读理解和完形填空的文章进行了类别和级别的区分，请学员在使用此讲义时自己着重看自己要考试类别和级别，其他类别的文章可以做练习题目进行学习，便于熟练运用技巧方法。因为其

13、它题型题目考试时不会考教材中原文，因此未进行类别和级别的分类； l 阅读理解和完形填空题需要掌握两方面内容：一是对国家指定教材中的文章够熟练掌握并能够灵活把握老师讲到的相关出题点；二是对于老师讲到的技巧和方法能够活学活用，整理做题思路，能够清晰的完成一整套做题的流程，而不单独是死记硬背这些方法，便于应对国家指定教材外的二篇阅读理解文章。l 概括大意与完成句子、补全短文、阅读判断三个题型的学习主要是建议大家在听课过程当中以学习老师传授的解题技巧和方法为主，通过老师对指定教材中文章的讲解来应用老师多年总结出来的方法和技巧，便于考试时熟练掌握运用技巧答题。第二部分完形填空阅读下面的短文。短文中有十五

14、个空白，在文章的后面，每一个空白都列了四个备选答案。请根据文章的内容选择合适的词或短语填在空白处。综合类-c级a life with birds【有鸟陪伴的生活】for nearly 17 years david cope has worked as one of the tower of london's yeoman warders, _1_ known to tourists as beefeaters. david, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the _2_ of the byward tower, one of

15、the gatehouses. “_3_ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of tower bridge and the thames. ” says david. the tower of london is famous _4_ its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. david was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was _5_ the post of

16、raven master eight years ago he had no _6_ in accepting it. “the birds have now become my life and i'm always _7_ of the fact that i am _8_ a tradition. the legend says that if the ravens leave the tower, england will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _9_ sure this doesn't happen!”davi

17、d _10_ about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. he has grown to love them and the _11_ that he lives right next to them is ideal. “i can _12_ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when i'm working.” _13_, david's wife mo was not _14_ on the idea of life in the tower, but sh

18、e too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “when we look out of our windows we see history _15_ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories. ”练习：1. a) moreb) betterc) soonerd) very 2. a) height b) summit c) peak d) top 3. a) since b) out c) from d) through

19、 4. a) for b) because c) of d) by 5. a) award b) applied c) presented d) offered 6. a) regret b) delay c) hesitation d) choice 7. a) aware b) knowing c) pleased d) delighted 8. a) holding b) maintaining c) surviving d) lasting 9. a) take b) make c) have d) keep 10. a) devotes b) spends c) passes d)

20、provides 11. a) reason b) chance c) opportunity d) fact 12. a) hold b) have c) keep d) put 13. a) firstly b) first of all c) at first d) first 14. a) interested b) keen c) fond d) happy 15. a) every b) all c) much d) so a lucky break【幸运的骨折】actor antonio banderas is used to breaking bones, and it alw

21、ays seems to happen when he's _1_ sport. in the film play it to the bone he _2_ the part of a middleweight boxer alongside woody harrelson. _3_ the making of the film harrelson _4_complaining that the fight _5_ weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and banderas should have

22、 a fight for real. the spanish actor wasn't _6_ on the idea at first, but he was _7_ persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. however, when he realized how seriously his _8_ was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. and then in the third ro

23、und, harrelson hit banderas _9_ hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. his wife, actress melanie griffith, was furious that he had been playing “silly macho games”. “she was right”, confesses banderas, “and i was a fool to _10_ a risk like that in the middle of a movie. ”he was _11_ of th

24、e time he broke his leg during a football match in his native malaga. he had always _12_ of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. “that's when i decided to take _13_ acting; i saw it as _14_ way of performing, and

25、 achieving recognition. what happened to me on that football _15_ was, you might say, my first lucky break. ”练习：1. a) practicingb) makingc) doingd) losing 2. a) plays b) doesc) givesd) fights 3. a) when b) asc) whiled) during 4. a) kept b) continuedc) carriedd) insisted 5. a) actions b) matchesc) sc

26、enesd) stages 6. a) interested b) keenc) enthusiasticd) happy 7. a) lastly b) eventuallyc) at the endd) after 8. a) competitor b) contenderc) opponentd) participant 9. a) very b) morec) suchd) so 10. a) take b) makec) haved) get 11. a) remembered b ) remindedc) recordedd) replayed 12. a) hoped b) pr

27、etendedc) dreamedd) looked forward 13. a) up b) onc) tod) over 14. a) further b) additionalc) differentd) another 15. a) match b) pitchc) courtd) course global warming【全球变暖】few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. many scientists _1_ the blame

28、 for recent natural disasters on the increase _2_the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than _3_ before, the earth is at _4_ from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. _5_ to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, _6_ as hurricanes and droughts, even more _7_ and c

29、ausing sea levels all around the world to _8_. environmental groups are putting _9_ on governments to take action to reduce the _10_ of carbon dioxide which is given _11_ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. they are in _12_ of more money being spent on research i

30、nto solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power _13_. some scientists, _14_, believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait _15_hundred years to notice the results. global warming, it seems

31、, is here to stay. 练习：1. a) giveb) putc) taked) have 2. a) inb) atc) by d) to 3. a) yet b) never c) once d) ever 4. a) threat b) danger c) risk d) harm 5. a) concerning b) regarding c) depending d) according 6. a) such b) just c) even d) well 7. a) strict b) severe c) strong d) heavy 8. a) raise b)

32、arise c) rise d) lift 9. a) force b) pressure c) persuasion d) encouragement 10. a) amount b) deal c) number d) count 11. a) off b) away c) up d) over 12. a) belief b) request c) favour d) suggestion 13. a) factories b) generations c) houses d) stations 14. a) but b) although c) despite d) however 1

33、5. a) several b) over c) numerous d) various a success story【一个成功的故事】at 19, ben way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have _1_their fortune through the internet. _2_makes ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was _3_by teachers at hi

34、s junior school that he would never be able to read or write _4_. “i wanted to prove them _5_”, says ben, creator and director of waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls. when he was eight, his local authorities _6_him with a pc to help with school wor

35、k. although he was _7_to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and _8_by his father, he soon began _9_people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills. at the age of 15 he _10_up his own computer consultancy, quad computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he

36、left school to _11_all his time to business. “by this time the company had grown and i needed to take on a _12_of employees to help me”, says ben. “that enabled me to start _13_business with bigger companies. ” it was his ability to consistently _14_difficult challenges that led him to win the young

37、 entrepreneur of the year award in the same year that he formed waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal _15_ 25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine. 练习：1. a) takenb) madec) putd) done 2. a) this b) that c) something d) what 3. a) said b) told c) sugge

38、sted d) reported 4. a) absolutely b) totally c) properly d) thoroughly 5. a) wrong b) false c) untrue d) unfair 6. a) provided b) gave c) offered d) got 7. a) impossible b) incapable c) disabled d) unable 8. a) promised b) invited c) encouraged d) animated 9. a) owing b) charging c) lending d) borro

39、wing 10. a) put b) ran c) made d) set 11. a) pay b) spend c) devote d) invest 12. a) couple b) few c) little d) deal 13. a) having b) doing c) making d) bringing 14. a)overcome b) overlook c) overtake d) overdo 15. a) valuable b) estimated c) priced d) worth traffic in our cities【城市的交通】the volume of

40、 traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. this causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk _1_accidents. clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to _2_people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.

41、one possible _3_ is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by _4_charges for parking and _5_tougher fines for anyone who _6_the law. in addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. this system, _7_as “road pricing”, is already

42、being introduced in a _8_of cities, using a special electronic card _9_ to the windscreen of the car. another way of _10_with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the _11_of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. drivers and their passengers then use a s

43、pecial bus service for the _12_ stage of their journey. of course, the most important _13_ is to provide good public transport. however, to get people to _14_ the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares _15_at an acceptable level. 练

44、习：1. a) ofb) forc) aboutd) by 2. a) make b) arrange c) suggest d) persuade 3. a) approach b) manner c) custom d) style 4. a) enlarging b) increasing c) growing d) developing 5. a) carrying down b) putting off c) bringing in d) taking away 6. a) crosses b) refuses c) breaks d) cracks 7. a) named b) s

45、een c) called d) known 8. a) quantity b) number c) total d) sum 9. a) fixed b) joined c) built d) placed 10. a) doing b) handling c) dealing d) solving 11. a) outskirts b) border c) outside d) limit 12. a) late b) end c) complete d) final 13. a) thought b) thing c) work d) event 14. a) pass on b) th

46、row away c) give up d) leave out 15. a) taken b) kept c) given d) stood 综合类-b级teaching and learning【教与学】many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with1 the student. if a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the _1_ in the reading eve

47、n if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. the _2_ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of _3_, not the one interested only in getting high grades. sometimes homework is returned _4_brief written comments but without a grade. even if a grade is not

48、 given, the student is _5_for learning the material assigned. when research is _6_, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with _7_guidance. it is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. professors do not have the time to e

49、xplain _8_a university library works; they expect students _9_ graduate students to exhaust the reference _10_in the library. professors will help students who need it, but _11_ that their students should not be _12_dependent on them. in the united states professors have many other duties _13_teachi

50、ng, such as administrative or research work. therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is _14_. if a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either _15_ a professor during office hours or make an appointment. 练习：l. a) suggestionb) contextc) abstractd) information 2. a) poor b) ideal c) avera