高考英语语法复习定语从句教案

1、定语从句一、 定语从句：先行词，关系词，从句。定语从句:也叫关系从句,修饰一个名词或代词,或是整个句子.被修饰的词叫先行词,引导从句的关系词.(关系代词和关系副词).定语从句通常在先行词之后分类:限制性定语从句,对先行词起修饰或限制的作用; 非限制性定从句,对先行词起补充说明的作用.一)关系词（关系代词或关系副词的选用原则）关系代词词行先行词充当成分who人主、宾、表whom人宾that人&物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表as物主、宾whose=of whomof which人&物定语关系副词when=atinonduring which时间状where=atinto whi

2、ch地点状why=for which原因状that 在口语中可以代替关系副词以上三者状二）选用注意要点:1只能用that情况：(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：(2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常

3、用that,不用which。(4) 如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.(7) 关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that .(9) 当主句 “ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。(10) 当先行词是 “ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用

4、that .2只能用which的情况1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。2) those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。3) 介词后只用which4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语。5）先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.。6）关系代词后面有插入语时，应用关系代词 which.三.of +关系代词：of whom表人，of which表物1)在介词提前的情况下,当先行词是物时, 介

5、词后只能跟which, 当先行词是人时, 介词后面只能是whom, 此时关系供词不可能用that , who, 也可以省略.2)在含介词的动词短语中, 若介词与动词分开会导致意思的变化时,介词不能提前. this is the english dictionary which you 're looking for. 3)当先行词是way 时,关系代词可能that , in which , 或者省略. this is the way that / in which he memorizes english words.四.关系副词： 1)当先行词时时间,并在从句作状语时,用关系副词wh

6、en.(at, in , on ,during which) i'll always remember the day when i first used e-mail to send message to my friends abroad. 2)当先行词时地点, 并在从句中作状语时, 用where.(in ,at, to which) the factory where his mother works is in the east of the city 3)当先行词是原因, 并在从句中作状语时, 用关系副词why.(for which) we all know the reso

7、n why she is late for the work today.五限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标  点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个

8、名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号内容上先行词不是唯一的先行词是唯一的，定语从句可有可无。关系词可用that ,why.作宾语可以省略不可用that ,why。关系词一律不省。先行词名词或代词名词或代词，也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句定语从句练习1：1. is there a bar around _i can have something to eat? a. that b. what c. which d. where2. the house, _ was destro

9、yed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. a. the roof of which b. which roof c. its roof d. the roof 3. edison made a lot of inventions, _ of great importance. a. which i think are b. which i think they are c. which i think they d. i think which are4. ill talk about a newly-opened market _ you ma

10、y get all _ you need. a. in which; which b. where; that c. where; what d. which; that5. can you lend me the novel _ the other day? a. that you talked b. you talked about it c. which you talked with d. you talked about6. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increa

11、sing. a. which b. as c. that d. it7. the fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. a. that b. which c. what d. where8. when lost in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. a. what b. so c. just like d. as9. a football fan (球迷) is

12、_ has a strong interest in football. a. a thing that b. something that c. a person who d. what 10. we travelled together as far as chicago, _ we said goodbye to each other. a. which b. when c. why d. where11. the matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. a. that b. what c. why d.

13、for which12. will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office? a. 不填 b. in which c. that d. where13. his sister had become a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be. a. who b. what c. that d. which14. with the development of agriculture, the people _village i taugh

14、t before have lived a happy life. a. who b. whose c. in whose d. in which15. i hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. a. which b. that c. when d. where16. he must be from africa, _ can be seen from his skin. a. that b. as c. it d. what17. both the girl and her

15、 dog _ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. a. which b. who c. they d. that18. i, _ your friend, will try my best to help you out. a. which are b. which is c. who is d. who am19. is this just the city _ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _. a. which, to b. to which, / c. that, to d

16、. to that, /20. its one of the most interesting stories _ i have _ read a. which, never b. that, ever c. that, never d. which, ever21. on my way home in the street i saw a lady _ i thought was your aunt.a. who b. whom c. which d. whose22. i remember that _ took part in the ball party had a wonderful

17、 time. a. all b. all that c. all which d. all what23. this is the largest clock in the world, _ the minute hand is six metres long. a. that b. of which c. which d. whose24. china is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to japan, korea, thailand and india. a. from that b. from where c. from

18、there d. from here25. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. a. it b. as c. that d. what 26. the journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. （04广西） a. of which b. during which c. from which d. for which27. i work in

19、a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.（04湖南）a. how b. which c. where d. that28. there was time i hated to go to school. （04湖北） aa; that ba; when cthe; that dthe; when 29. there are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.（04湖北） athe larger bthe larger of them cthe large

20、r one that dthe larger of which 30. what surprised me was not what he said but he said it.（04湖北） athe way bin the way that cin the way dthe way which 31. the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.（04辽宁） aof which bwhich of cof them dof that 32. american women

21、 usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.（04上海） a. who b. as c. about which d. with whom 33. the english play _ my students acted at the new years party was a great success. （04全国i） a for whichb at whichc in whichd on which34. there are altogether eleven books on the

22、 shelf, _ five are mine. （04全国iv） a on whichb in whichc of whichd from which35. there were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. （04全国ii） a whereb whichc whend that36. luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. （04北京春季）a. itb. that c. thisd. which37. - why

23、 does she always ask you for help? - there is no one else _, is there? (05北京) a. who to turn to b. she can turn to c. for whom to turn d. for her to turn 38. he was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to cambridge. （05山东） a. from whichb. after thatc. after whichd. from this39. many peop

24、le who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05广东) a. in which b. by which c. which d. that 40. her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （05湖北） awhobthatcwhatdwhich41. frank's dream was to have his own shop _

25、to produce the workings of his own hands. （05湖南） a. that b. in which c. by which d. how 42. the place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江苏) a. which; where b. at which; which c. at which; where d. which; in which 43. the schools themselves adm

26、it that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. (05江西) ain thatbfor that cin which dfor which 44. i have many friends, some are businessmen. （05全国1） aof them bfrom which cwho of dof whom 45. if a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time

27、 in the shop. （05上海） a. that b. which c. when d. where 46. jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.（05浙江） awhichbthat cthis dit 47. _ i explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （05浙江） awhenbafter cas dsince 48. mark was a student at this u

28、niversity from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students' union. （05重庆）a. during which time b. for which time c. during whose time d. by that time 49. last month, part of southeast asia was struck by floods, from _effects the people are still suffering. （05天津） a.

29、 that b. whose c. those d. what 50. i walked in our garden, _ tom and jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （05辽宁） awhichbwhencwheredthat m4 u2 sports events:1.delight: v 给某人乐趣,使愉快 delight in sth/ doing sth:以某物为乐,喜好某事物delighted: adj 非常高兴的,愉快的 be delighted to do sth :很高兴做某事be delighted at

30、/ by:因.而高兴; be delighted with:对.感到满意, delight(n)-delightful(adj)delightfully much too ones delight:很令某人高兴的是find/ have/ take a delight in :喜爱, 以.为乐pete:v/n 竞争,对抗,比赛 -competition(n) -competitor-competitive: adj compete for :为.竞争, compete with/ against: 与.竞争 compete with sb in sth: 在.方面与某人竞争3.honour(ho

31、nor):n 光荣,荣幸, 正义感 v 向某人/某物致敬,表扬某人, honored :受人尊敬的, honorable:公平的,高尚的,光荣的 in honor of :为了向.表示敬意,为了纪念 have the honor of doing=be honor to do :有幸做某事 a matter/point of honor:名誉攸关的问题 man of honor:品德高尚的人4.light:( lit-lit/ lighted-lighted) v 点燃 light a candle:点燃蜡烛 light up:照亮, 使放光彩 in the light of experien

32、ce: 根据经验 come to light:被人知道,或被人发展 as light as a feather:轻如鸿毛5.distance runner : 长跑运动 distance learning:远程学习 in the distance在远处 at / from a distance:相距,相隔 keep ones distance保持距离,疏远6.absence:n 出席,参加 absent: adj出席的,参加的 in / during ones absence:某人不在时 in the absence of :由于缺乏 be absent from:出席,不在 be absen

33、t at :出席在 in ones presence=in the presence of sb:在某人面前,当着某人的面7.attempt:n /v 试图,企图, 尝试 attempt to do(at doing sth) =试图做 make an attempt to do :尝试做 in an attempt to do : 尝试做,企图做 make no attempt:未做努力try / attempt / endeavor:的区别 :try 表示试一试, 想证明或检验某件事;attempt :做自己希望会成功的事,常包含冒险的意义endeavour :要求非常努力的去做某事;8.

34、limit: .limit to / on .的限制 to the limit:到顶点, within limits:在限度之内 set a limit on :.对.加以限制 without limit:无限地 upper/ lower limit :上限, 下限there is no limit to :没有限度 be limited to:.限制在 limited company:有限公司limiting factor: 局限因素9.pretty: adj: 可爱的,漂亮的, 精致的 prettily:adv adv: 相当,很,非常 be pretty sure that :对相当肯定

35、 pretty near:差点.几乎pretty much/ well/ nearly 几乎,相当好 be sitting pretty:处于有利位置注意:pretty, fairly , quite, rather的区别:1) 都是用来修饰形容词或副词,表示”非常, 很, 颇, 相当”的意思;语气从强到弱rather, quite, pretty, fairly;2) a rather/ fairly / pretty long road 也可以说成quite a long road ;3) 修饰表示绝对意义的形容词或副词,常用quite;(possible, impossible, rig

36、ht, wrong, perfect, ), 常用quite;4) 只有rather 可以比较级连用, 当修饰large, small或其它性质的形容词时,往往表示太大或太小,特别前有too 的时候.10.remove: remove sth from:拿开,移开 remove his hat and gloves: 摘掉他的帽子和手套 remove poverty: 消除贫困 remove sb from 撤某人的职, 辞退某人, 11. ioc: international olympics committee国际奥很会12.maintain a balance of :保持的平衡 kee

37、p ones balance :保持平衡, lose ones balance:=out of balance 失去平衡 off balance:失去平衡的, on balance :总的来说 pay the balance:支付余额 balance sth with:平衡, 协调 balance sth against:权衡13.side by side:肩并肩地, 互相扶持 face to face:面对面地 back to back:背靠背地 heart to heart心连心地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地, mouth to mouth 嘴对嘴地 arm in a

38、rm手挽手 hand in hand 手拉手地 step by step 逐步地14.play a leading roles in :在.当中占主导地位 play a part / role in .:在.当中扮演角色, 在.中发挥作用m4 u21.高兴做某事:be delighted to do sth 2.树立榜样set example to 3.节省时间save time4.控制住使处keep.under control5.第四年,每隔三年 every four years 6.参加 take part in 7.不论,无论 no matter 8.一起,共同, 并肩地 side by

39、 side9.引起公众关注 come to public attention 10.在幕式上 at the opening ceremony11.了解 know of 12被认为是 be recognized as 13.在.中发挥作用 play a role/ part in 14.打破记录 break the record 15.对作出贡献 make contribution to 16.纪念,向表示敬意 in honour of 17.盼望 look forward to 18.想出,提出come up with 19.许多,大量 plenty of 20.旅游景点,旅游胜地 touri

40、st attraction 21.注意 pay attention to 22.与相似 be similar to 23.在.中起主导作用 play leading roles in 24.满足.要求meet ones requirement25.日常工作,日常安排 daily routine 26.希望,希望得到 hope for 27.保持平衡 keep a balance 28给.让路,让位于 make way for 29.涉及 be involved in 30.总计是, 总共达 add up to 湖北卷阅读理解:bfor many parents, raising a teena

41、ger is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: where is the line between what i control and what you do?both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the con

42、flict. in part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. from the parents point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents complete unreasonableness. and of course. the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. both feel trappedi

43、n this article. ill describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. the first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. examples include the color of the teens hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred s

44、tyle of clothing, the childs failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. second, blaming. the goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. third, needing to be right, it does

45、nt matter what the topic is politics. the taws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong. for both wish to be considered an authoritysomeone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect. un

46、fortunately, as long as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, theyll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress 55. why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?a. both can continue for generations. b. b

47、oth are about where to draw the line c. neither has any clear winner d. neither can be put to an end 56. what does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?a. the teens blame their parents for starting the conflict. b. the teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict c. the teens cause

48、 their parents of misleading them d. the teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents 57. parents and teens want to be right because they want to _. a. give orders to the other b. know more than the other c. gain respect from the other d. get the other to behave properly58. what will the

49、 author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?a. causes for the parent teen conflicts b. examples of the parent teen war. c. solutions for the parent teen problemsd. future of the parent-teen relationship湖北阅读理解cthey wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories (配饰). ye

50、t these are girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. a generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favoring the same high street looks worn by those half their age. professor julia twigg, a social policy expert, said, “women over 75 are now sh

51、opping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. in the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. it was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. fashion i

52、s a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly. ”professor twigg analyzed family expending（支出）data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the sameand 5 or 6 per cent of spendingthe amount of clothes bought had risen sharply. the p

53、rofessor said, “clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the far east. in the 1960s leeds was the heart of the british fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them. ”fashion de