直接引语和间接引语讲解和练习

1、WORD格式可编辑Unitl语法核心突破：直接引语变间接引语定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1. |陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句-例： He said,“ rm very glad.”f He said he was very glad.2. 一般疑问句变为 if (whether)引导的宾语从句。例： He said, “ Can you come this after noon

2、, Joh n? ”f He asked John could come that after noon.3. 特殊疑问句变为由 who, what, when , why, where 等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例：He said,“Where is Mr. Wang? ”f He asked where Mr. Wang was.Tom says to me,“what food do you like best ” .f Tom asks me food I like best4. 祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/ tell/order sb (not) to do sth 。Our

3、parents told us “Learn English well! ”我们的父母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！ ”Our pare nts told us glish well.我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。The teacher said to me, “ Don t read that novel!”The teacher asked/ told me that novel.Our pare nts told us, “ Never do wrong! ” 父母告诉我们：“不要做错事！”Our pare nts told us never to do wrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要

4、做错事。二、人称的变化点拨】|人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则例如： “I went to the Great Wall yesterday, ” Li Hua said.f Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“I ' ll come to help you whenever you need my help, ” he answered her.f He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she need

5、ed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”f She told me that mypronun ciati on was better tha n his.三、时态变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时， 从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例句般现在时fShe said, “ I n eed a calculator.”一般过去时f She said that she n eeded a calculator.现在进行时fJim said,“I ' m ex

6、pecting a long distanee call.”过去进行时f Jim said that he was expect ing a long dista nee call.般将来时f过去将来时Nancy said, “I ' ll call again later.”f Nancy said that she would call aga in later.一般过去时f过去完成时He said, “ I took it home with me.”f He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时f过去完成时Paul said

7、,“ Our team has won the match. ”f Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时f过去完成时He said,“ I had finished my homeworkbefore supper. ”f He said that he had finished his homeworkbefore supper.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指示this f thatShe said, “ She is coming this week. ” f She said that she wa

8、s coming that week.代词these f thoseHe said, “ These books are mi ne. ” f He said those books were his.nowf thenHe said, “ It ' s ten o ' clock now. ” f He said that it was ten o' clock then.today f that dayHe said, “ I haven ' t seen her today. f He said that he hadn' t seen her t

9、hatday.She said, “I ' II come again tonight.”时tonight f that nightf She said that she would go againthatni ght.间He said, “ This happe ned yesterday. ”yesterday f the day beforef He said thatthis had happe ned the daybefore.状Threedays agcf threedaysbeforeShe said, “ I arrived two days ago.”f She

10、said that she had arrived two days before.语tomorrow f the n ext dayShe said, “ 1 ” II be back tomorrow.thefollowi ngf She said that he would be back the n extdayday.She said, “ I ' ll do it next week.next week f the next weekf She said that she would do it the n extweek.地占状here f thereShe said,

11、“I came here to see Tom. ”f She said that he had gone there to see Tom.语动come/bring f go/takeHe said, “ I brought it home with me.”词f He said he had take n it home with him.【拓展延伸】直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：He says, “I ' m tired. ”f He says that he is tired.He will say, “ Th

12、e boy was lazy. ”f He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Our geogr aphy teacher said to us,“The earth goes round the sun.f Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变She said, “I was born in 1995. ”f She said that sh

13、e was born in 1995.【典型例题】(1) Can you tell me?A. what the matter is B. what matter it isC. what ' s the matter D. the matter is what(2) The physics teacher said the eartharound the sun.A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves【语法专练】1. Mother asked the youn gest kidwith his car.A. what the matte

14、rB. What was the matterC. what the matter isD. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what hevisit the n ext day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us that light faster than sound.A. traveledB. had traveled C. is traveli ngD.travels4. Tom hanks told his teac

15、her that heborn in 1968.A. wasB. had bee n C. isD. has bee n5. Linda asked Amy _ _ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. thatB. whether C. whatD. how6. My brother said to me, “ I ' m going to have a holiday next week.”My brothergoing to have a holiday the next week.7. Mother said t

16、o me, “What are you doing in the room? ”Mother asked mein the room.8. He asked,“ Can I borrow your bike? ”He askedborrow my bike9. Tom said to me, “ Do you like football? ”Tom asked mefootball10.She said to me, “I went over my less ons last ni ght.”She told meover her less ons the ni ght before.附：Un

17、it I短语归纳1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend2. 做下列调查 make the following survey3. 合计总分 add up the score4. 得分 get points5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset6. 不理睬铃声ignore the bell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm dow n your Germa n friend8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)9. 松开了 get loose10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk

18、the dog outdoors11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam12. 歹U出理由 make a list of reasons / list the reasons13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire15. 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editor ' s advice16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties

19、/ troubles17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to com muni cate with the boss face to face21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars23. 相邻的城镇 neighbori

20、 ng tow ns24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries直接引语变间接引语练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “ I never eat meat. ” he said.He said thatn evermeat.2. “ I ' ve found my wallet. ” he said to me.Heme that hewallet.3. “I took it home with me. ” she said.She said thatit home with her.4. The teacher said,“ The sun ris

21、es in the east and goes dow n in the west.The teacher said that the sunin the east anddow n in the west.5. “ I met her yesterday. ” he said to me.Heme that hemet the day.6. “You must come here before five. ” he said.He said that Ito gobefore five.7. “ I bought the house 10 years ago. ” he said.He sa

22、id that hebought the house 10 years.8. “Did you see her last week? ” he said.HeI had see n her the week.9. He said,“ You can sit here, Jim. ”HeJim that hesit there.10. He asked, “ How did you find it, mother? ”He asked her motherfound it.11. “Where have you been these days? ” he asked.He asked mebee

23、 ndays.12. “Do you know where she lives? ” he asked.He askedknew where she.13. “Stop making so much noise, children. ” he said.Hethe childre nmaki ng so much no ise.14. “Don t tell him the news.” she said.She told mehim the n ews.15. “ I am having supper, ” he said.He said thathav ing supper.16. “I

24、' ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gi name that shethe film.17. “I went home with my sister, ” she said.She said thathome with her sister.18. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.Hethe childre nquiet.20.“Don t look out of the window, ” she said.She told meout of the wi ndow.家庭作业1. “I am having supper, ” he said.He said thathav ing supper.2. “ I ' ve seen the film, ” Gina said to me.Gi name that shethe film.3. “I went home with my sister, ” she said.She said thathome with her sister.4. The teacher said,“ The sun is bigger tha n the moon. ”The teacher said that the sunbigger tha n the