各种时态的用法

1、各种时态的用法般现在时构成：a.主动：动词原形（主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s/es ） ; be动词要用amis ， are 。b . 被动： am / is / are + 过去分词用法： 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常用频度副词sometimes, ofte n, always,usually, seldom 及时间副词 every day, night, week, month, year, in the morning, inthe afternoon, in the evening, at night做状语。如：I go to school at 6 every mo

2、rning.每天早上我 6 点去上学 一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理。如：Summer follows spring.春天之后是夏天。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。注意：此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。 一般现在时表示格言或警句。如：Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败。 一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态，常跟时间副词 now 连用。如

3、：I am a teacher.Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak well.He lives in Beijing now, 以 here ， there 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 习惯性的爱好或行为。如：I like dancing while she likes singing.我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。We get up at six. 在某些习惯表达法中

4、，常用一般现在时表示已经发生过的动作或存在的状态。如：They say Wu Dong is ill.据说吴东病了。The paper says the disease is under control.报纸上说这种病已经得到了控制。The diagram tells us that people' s living is improving.这份图标告诉我们，人们的生活正在改善。 在下列情况下表示将来：a. 在（时间、条件等）状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will give it to him as soon as I see him.我一看见他就会交给他。He wi

5、ll come if you invite him.如果你请他，他会来的。Suppose he doesn 't agree, what shall we do? 假如他不同意，那怎么办？I shall do as I please.我高兴怎么做就怎么做。He will continue the work no matter what happe ns.不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作。b. 在the morethe more（越越）句型中，前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为前者相当于条件状语从句。如：The harder you study, the better resul

6、ts you will get.你学习越努力，成绩就越好。c. 在 make sure（certain）,see to it, mi nd, care, matter后的宾语从句的谓语动 词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：See to it that you are no t late aga in.注意，另 U 再迟至 U 了。d. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，并且一定要做的事情。通常有时间状语。如：The pla ne takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shan ghai at 1:20.飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。注：只限于少数动词能这样

7、用，如beg in, start, end, fini sh, stop, go, come, leave,yesterday, last week, i n 1978,sail, arrive, retur n, close, ope n等。_、般过去时构成：a.主动：过去式（动词原形后加ed/d或不规则变化）b被动： was/were +过去分词用法： 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态，常与just now, a mome nt ago, the other day等连用。如:他刚才还在这里。你昨天做了什么?He was here just now.What did you do

8、 yesterday? 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如:我们小时候常在一起玩We ofte n played together whe n we were childre n.注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 禾口 would。如:He used to smoke a lot, but hedoes n't now.他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。Whe n ever we were in trouble, he would help us.每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 表示主语过去的特征或性格。如：At that time she was very goo

9、d at En glish.那时她英语学得很好。 用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如：He said he would wait un til they came back.他说他会等他们回来。 一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与want, hope, wonder, think , intend等动词连用,使语气更为委婉。如：I won dered if you could help me.不知你能不能帮我一下。有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如：I didn 't know you were here.没想至 M 尔在这里。1.过去时,表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后都用一般 最后两个动

10、词之间用and连接。如:He hoped the door, rushed out and the n disappo in ted. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。did n 't quite catch it.我刚才没听清楚。2.注意在语境中理解“我刚才 /原来还不”。如：-Your phone nu mber aga in? I请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗?-It 's 2566666.三、般将来时用法：一般将来时表示将来发生的事。常与tomorrow ,next year等时间状语连用。构成：通常有以下七种方式表示将来，注意它们各自的区别。 由will加动词原形构成

11、，当主语是第一人称时，也可以用shall加动词原形。如:Teleph one me this eve ning,I ' ll be at home.I ' ll (shall/will) do a better job next time.a. will还可用来表示同意或”不能”下次我要干得好些。如:-Come and see me tomorrow.明天来找我。-Y es, I will.Don' t be late.-N o, Iwon't .The carwon't start.Oil and water will not mix.车开不了了。（表

12、功能）和水没法混在一起b.表示临时的决定，只能用-You ' ve left the light on.will加动词原形。如：你忘记关灯了ll go and turn it off.-Oh, so I have.c.在"祈使句+ and/or +陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用啊！那我去关。will或情态动词加动词原形如:Work hard, and you will pass the exam.d.在条件句中表示将来不用going to（打算），或 be to （为人所控制的动作）等。若你见到在条件句中用了'will ，而用一般现在时、bewill，那will就是表

13、示“愿意”的情态动词。如:Let her do that if she will.如果她愿意，就让她那样做。被动：will/shall + be + 过去分词 am/is/are goi ng to +动词原形，表示主语的意图或打算将来做的事。如：What are you going to do tomorrow?The play is going to be produced n ext mon th.注意：已有迹象表明将要发生的事，只能用am/is/are goi ng to +动词原形。如:Look at the dark clouds, it' s going to rain.

14、看那乌云，快要下雨了。被动： am/is/are + going to + be +过去分词 am/is/are + to do仅用于表示正式的公务安排、公共指示、义务、禁止、命令、注定要发生某事等。如：You ' re to deliver these flowers before 10.你在十点之前把这些花送去。You are to （=should） report to the police.你应该报警的。You ' re not to (=must n't ) tell him anything about our pla ns.My idea is to go

15、 there today. 我a.你不要把我们的计划透露给他bbe to强调客观安排或受人指示而做某事,to则强调主观的打算或计划。被动：am/is/are + to be +过去分词am/is/are about to +动词原形，表示即将或马上要做的事。如：的意思是今天就去那里这与不定式作表语不同:be goingHe is about to leave for Beiji ng.注意：be about to do不嫩与表示将来时间的状语连用被动：am/is/are + about + to be +过去分词 am/is/are on the poi nt of + V-i ng，表示”就

16、要做某事”，也不能与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：Look! They ' re on the point of starting!看！他们就要开始了！ 一般现在时表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morni ng.火车明天上午六点开。 现在进行时表示将来，主要用于go，come, leave ，start等表示去向的短暂性动词。如I ' m leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。四、过去将来时 用法：过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的事情。构成：a. 主动： would , was/were

17、going to, was/were to, was/were about to +动词原形或 was/were on the point of +动名词b .被动： would, was/were going to, was/were to, was/were about to be +过去分词I knew you would agree.I said I would arra nge everyth ing.注意：在过去将来时中，所有人称都用would，尤其在口语中。只有个别情况才用should。如：We knew we should wi n.我知道我们会赢。I told her tha

18、t I was leavi ng soo n.我告诉她我们很快就要离开。We were to have bee n married last year.我们本来打算去年结婚的When we arrived, the train was just going to start.I was about to leave whe n the telepho ne ran g. I was我们至U达时，火车正要启动 我正要离开，电话铃响了。on the point of going whe n you came in. The talk was我正要出去你来了due to last for three

19、 days.会议将进行三天五、现在进行时构成：a .主动：am/is/are +现在分词b .被动：am/is/are + bei ng +过去分词用法： 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：They ' re having a meeting.他们正在开会。I ' m studying at an evening school.我在上夜校。 表示计划或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。如:Mike is coming home on Thursday.They ' re having a party next week.注：表示安排将要做的事，人

20、作主语宜用现在进行时，事物作主语，宜用一般现在时。试比较I ' m not going out this evening.The con cert starts at 7:30. 现在进行时与 always, ofte n, foreverYou ' re always interrupting me!My father is always los ing his car keys.今晚我不准备出去。（不宜说 I don ' t）音乐会七点半开始等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气。如：你老打断我的话！（抱怨）我爸老丢车钥匙。（不满）She ' s always help

21、ing people.她总是帮助别人。（赞扬） 现在进行时在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。如:等静动作时间长的He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.注意：像 be, think, understand, love, have, own, see, hear, find, belong to态动词通常不用于进行时。六、过去进行时构成：a .主动： was/were + 现在分词b .被动： was/were + being + 过去分词用法： 表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。如：What were you doi

22、ng this time yesterday?During the summer of 1999 she was travell ing in Europe. 表示过去将来，多用于 go, come , leave , start , take off等动词。如：He said he was leavi ng for home in a day or two.他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 表示过去的经常动作，常与always , forever等连用，略带感情色彩。如：She was always thi nki ng of others.她老是想到别人。（赞扬）She was foreve

23、r compla ining.她老是抱怨。（厌烦） 表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。如：I was read ing the n ewspaper whe n the doorbell rang.我正在看报，突然门铃响了。Jim bur nt his hand whe n he was cook ing the dinner.吉姆做饭时把手烫了。I met Dia na while I was shopp ing this morni ng.我今早买东西时碰到了戴安娜。 表示两个同时持续的动作

24、。如：I was doing my homework while he was liste ning to music. 过去进行时可以表示客气的语气。如：（对现在表委婉的请求）I was won deri ng if you could give me a lift.不知我可否顺便搭你的车。七、将来进行时构成：a主动：will be doing b被动：无用法： 将来进行时表示在将来某个时间正在发生的动作。如：At this time tomorrow,I ' ll be taking a test.This time next weekI ' ll be lying on

25、the beach.Don ' t phone me between 7 and 8 p.m. We ' ll be having dinner then. 将来进行时表示安排将要做的事，与现在进行时有时可互换。如：We ' ll be spe nding the win ter in Australia.我们将在澳大利亚过冬。We ' re spe nding the win ter in Australia.将来进行时。如:注意：为避免 will给人误以为是表示“意愿”的情态动词，口语中表示单纯的将来时常用Mary won' t pay this b

26、ill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。（表示意愿）Mary won ' t be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。（单纯谈未来情况）八、现在完成时构成：a主动：have/has + 过去分词 b被动：have/has + been + 过去分词用法： 表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just, already,yet, rece n tly, before, twice, three times等时间状语连用。如：I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。（现在我知道电影的内容了。）Have you se

27、en my bag?你看到我的手提包了吗？（你知道它在哪里吗？）a .现在完成时不与 yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1978, just now, whe n等表示具体的过去的状语连用。b . 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等；而 现在完成时则强 调过去的动作对现在的影响，因此，若现在影响并不存在时就不能用现在完成时了。女如：I have closed the door.那门现在也是关着的，若被风吹开了，就只能说the door. I closed了。 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“

28、 since +时间点”，“ for +时间段”，及how long, （ever） sinee【自那以后】，ever【曾经】，before, so far【到目前为止】，in /duri ng/over the last/past few years【在过去几年内】 ，up to now 【至U目前为止】,till now等时间状语连用。如：She has bee n a dan cer for ten years.她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。We ' ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。

29、So far there has bee n no bad n ews.至 U 现在为止还没有什么坏消息。They ' ve lived here since 1978.从 1978 年起她们就在这里住了。I saw Julia in April and I have nt see n her sin ce.我四月份见到朱莉亚，从那之后就没见到她了。注意：非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, jo in, die, buy, borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用。但其在否定句中是可与这类时间状语连用的。如：

30、I haven ' t met him for two years.我两年没有遇见他了。 用于 This/That/It is the first （second）time that （引导定语从句，现在完成时）句型中。女口 ：It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city.这是我第一次参观这个美丽的城市。 用于This/That/It is + the +形容词最高级 +名词+ that（后接现在完成时）句型中。如：That ' s the most interesting bookI ' ve

31、 ever read.这是我看过的最有意思的书。补：It is high/about time that sb. did sth. /sb. should do sth.九、过去完成时 构成：a.主动：had +过去分词b .被动：had been +过去分词 用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。如：She said she had n ever bee n to Paris.Whe n the police arrived, the thieves had run away.By the time he was twelve, Edis on had b

32、egu n to make a living by himself.注意：过去完成时是一种相对时态，一定要有一个作参考的过去时间或过去动作作比较，否则，就不能用过去完成时。但下列 3种情况虽然有先后发生的两个过去动词，却同用一般过去时：a.先后发生的一系列动作，但并不强调先后时，最后两个动词用then , and, but等连接。如：On Saturday after noon, Mrs Gree n went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cous in.星期六下午，格林夫人去了市场，买了些香蕉，然后去看望了她的表姐b.

33、 两个动作是紧接着发生的，可用一般过去时。如：Whe n I heard the n ews, I was very excited.c. 叙述历史事实，可用一般过去时。如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.我们老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。跟现在完成时一样，也常与how long, for three days, before等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Whe n Jack arrived he lear ned Mary had

34、bee n away for almost an hour. 当杰克到来时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。hope, want, expect, thi nk,suppose, pla n, mea n, intend等的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示过去未曾实现 表示未曾实现的希望或打算。表示希望或打算的动词，如no soonerc. It was +时间段+ since（过去元成时）d.tha n sb. had thought/expected/hoped/wa n ted Hardlyhad I ope ned the door whe n he told me.

35、He had no soonerbought the car tha n he sold it. It was the second time he had been out with her.等。我刚开开门，他就告诉我了。他刚买了车就卖了。这是他第二次和她出去。It was more tha n a year now since he had see n her. We arrived earlier tha n we had expected.从他上次见她以来已一年。 我们至U得比预计的早。十、现在完成进行时的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事（但却没做）”。如:I had hoped

36、to send him a Christmas card, but I forget to do so.我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡片的，但我忘了寄了I had inten ded to come over to see you last ni ght, but some one called and I couldn' t get away.昨晚我本想去看你的，但有人来了我走不开。 用于下列4个特俗句型中:a. hardly/scarcely/rarely/barelywhen （before ） （过去完成时）than（一般过去时）Hardly had I en tered the

37、classroom whe n I found Tom was sleep ing.（序数词）+ time thatb. It/That/This was the first/sec on d/third/last构成：a.主动：have/has been +现在分词 b.被动：无用法：现在刚 现在完成进行时表示从一个过去开始，现在仍在继续中的动作；或一个过去开始、刚结束的动作。如：I ' ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn' t turned up.I ' m so sorry. I ' m late.

38、Have you been waiting long? 用现在完成时表示的反复的动作，有时可以作为连续的动作用现在完成时表示：I ' ve written six letters since breakfast.早饭后我已经写了六圭寸信。I ' ve been writing letters since breakfast.早饭后我一直在写信。I have knocked five times. I don' t think anyone ' s in.I ' ve been knocking. I don ' t think anybody&#

39、39; s in.谓语动词练习（时态和语态）2011年高考1. Last mon th, the Japa nese gover nment expressed theirtha nks for the aid theyfrom Chi na.A. receive B. are receivi ng C. have received D. had received2. -What do you think of store shopp ing in the future?-Pers on ally, I think it will exist along with home shopp ing

40、 but _.A. will n ever replace B. would n ever replaceC. will n ever be replaced D. would n ever be replaced3. -1 didn 't ask for the name list. Why on my desk?-I put it here just now in case you n eeded it.A. does it land B. has it Ian ded C. will it la nd D. had it Ian ded4. Experime nts of thi

41、s kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the SecondWorld War.A. have con ducted B. have bee n con ductedC. had con ductedD. had bee n con ducted5. Tom _ in the library every ni ght over the last three mon ths.A. works B. worked C. has bee n work ing D. had bee n work ing6. -That must have be

42、e n a long trip.-Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has take n C. took D. was tak ing7. -Bob has gone to Califor nia?-Oh, can you tell me whe n he _ ?A. has left B. left C. is leav ing D. would leave8. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _ the pia no upstairs?A. has playe

43、d B. played C. plays D. is play ing9. Look at the pride on Tom' s face. He to have been praised by the manager justnow.A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seem ing10. In the last few years thousa nds of films _ all over the world.A. have produced B. have bee n produced C. are produc ing D. ar

44、e being produc ing11. On the n ext birthday, Ann _ married for twe nty years.A. is B. has bee n C. will be D. will have bee n12. We arrived at work in the morni ng and found that somebody into the office duri ng the ni ght.A. broke B. had broke n C. has broke n D. was break ing13. -Joa n, what _ in

45、your hand?-Look! It ' s a birthday gift for my grandma.A. had you held B. are you holdi ng C. do you hold D. will you hold14. In 1492, Columbus _ on one of the Bahama Isla nds, but he mistook if for anisland off India.A. la nds B. la n ded C. has Ian ded D. had Ian ded15. It is the most instruct

46、ive lecture that I _ since I came to this school.A. atte n ded B. had atte n ded C. am atte nding D. have atte n ded16. I n the n ear future, more adva nces in the robot tech no logy by scie nee.A. are maki ng B. are made C. will make D. will be made17. When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my walle

47、t at home.A. was realizi ng B. realized C. have realized D. would realize18. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything.A. had bee n eat ing B. had eate n C. have eate n D. have bee n eati ng19. All visitors to this village _ with kindn ess.A. treat B. are treated C. are t

48、reat ing D. had bee n treated20. -What a mistake!-Yes. I _ his doing it ano ther way, but without success.A. was suggesti ng B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggested21. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistantin his placebut, luckily, everyth ing was going on smoothl

49、y.A. gave B. gives C. was givi ng D. had give n22. I ' ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I .A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had bee n doing23. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had bee n graduated D. had grad

50、uated24. -1 hear you _ in a pub. What' s it like?-Well, it' s very hard work and I ' m always tired, but Idon't mind.A. are worki ng B. will worki ng C. were worki ng D. will be worki ng25. -Tommy is pla nning to buy a car.-1 know. By n ext mon th, he _ eno ugh for a used one.A. save

51、s B. saved C. will save D. will have saved26. I wasn't sure if he was really in terested or if he polite.A. was just being B. will just be C. had just bee n D. would just be27. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there.A. had bee n lying B. has bee n lying C. was lying D. has lai

52、n28. If you don 't like the drink you, just leave it and try a differe nt one.A. ordered B. are orderi ng C. will order D. had ordered29. His first no vel _ good reviews since it came out last mon th.A. receives B. is receivi ng C. will receive D. has received30. After getting lost in a storm, a

53、 member of the navy team_ four days later.A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had bee n rescued31. Did you predict that many stude nts _ up for the dance competitio n?A. would sig n B. sig ned C. have sig ned D. had sig ned32. I ' m sure you will do better in the test because you so hard

54、 this year.A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have bee n study ing33. A lot of people ofte n forget that oral exams _ to test our com muni cative ability.A. desig n B. are desig ned C. are desig ning D. are being desig ned2010年高考1. -Have you fini shed readi ng Jane Eyre?-No, Imy homework all

55、 day yesterday.A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do2. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely.A. are arrivi ng B. had arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _A. is made B. would make C. was to be mad

56、e D. had made4. Lin da, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be set B. set C. are set D. are sett ing5. Excuse me. I _ I was block ing your way.A. did n 't realize B.don't realizeC. have n 't realized D.wasn't realiz ing6. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _A. was busy B. is busy C. had bee n busy D. will be busy7. -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, Ithe book, so I already knew the story.A. was readi ng B. had read C. am readi ng D. have read8. -We ' ve spent too much money recently.-Well, it isn