情态动词的用法

1、 first wealth is health. q1: what should/shouldnt we do to keep healthy? q2: what kind of food must we eat to be strong? q3: what ought we to eat to stay slim? 主要情态动词主要情态动词 can, could may, might must/have to need dare will/would shall/should/ought to what modal verbs have you learned?年份推测推测虚拟语气情感、态度

2、必要性其他2004403602005130220200632242200763133200873121200942420合计371013217高考中的情态动词特点高考中的情态动词特点(浙江卷完成句子题中浙江卷完成句子题中07年年2题，题， 08和和09年未考年未考)高考中的情态动词特点高考中的情态动词特点情态动词情态动词040506070809合计合计can (nt)31526017could0300115may0110316might1001002should(nt)41152316shall / shant2011004need(nt)1220005must(nt)26242521will

3、0100001合合 计计1315121314101. 情态动词有一定的意义，只表示情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待期待或或估计估计某事的发生，某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。 2. 没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 3. 不能独立使用不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。，它和后面的动词构成谓语。4. 情态动词情态动词 除除ought 和和have 外外，后面只能接动词原形，后面只能接动词原形5. 情态动词情态动词没有非谓语形式没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。，即没有不定

4、式，分词等形式。 只作情态动词的只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情态可实义的可情态可实义的 need, dare可情态可助动词的可情态可助动词的shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的相当于情态动词的have to情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征情态动词情态动词 含义含义否定式否定式注意点注意点must表必要表必要“必须必须”neednt“不必不必”( 区别区别 have to)有时表有时表“偏要偏要”表推测表推测“一定一定” cant“不可能不可能”只能只能用于用于肯定肯定句，句，不能不能用于用于否定、疑问

5、句否定、疑问句1.must & need & have to 注意：注意：1) must 表示推测时，表示推测时， 只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。must do 对对一般时一般时的肯定推测的肯定推测must have done 对对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断作出的肯定判断must be doing 对对现在的动作现在的动作进行肯定推测进行肯定推测 e.g. 他们买了一辆新车。他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱他们一定很有钱they have bought a new car. they must have a lot of money.他现在一定在看小说他现在

6、一定在看小说he must be reading novels now.路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。the road is wet. it must have rained last night.- need he start from the beginning? - yes, he must. - no, he neednt/doesnt have to. 1.作作情态动词情态动词时时,仅用于否定或疑问句仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形后接动词原形,表表“需要需要”2) need you neednt return the book now.2.neednt

7、 have done 表示做了本不必要做的事情表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为意为“本不必要本不必要”our color tv set is still good enough. you neednt have bought a new one.3.作作实义动词实义动词时时,表示表示“需要需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变，有人称、时态、和数的变化化he needs to finish it this evening. the classroom needs cleaning.4) 注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答: -need i finish the work today? -yes,

8、_. no, _. no, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答:-shall i tell john about it?-no, you _.-no, you _. -must we do it now? -no, you _.-no, you _.needntdont have toneedntdont have to情态动词情态动词 含义含义否定式否定式 注意点注意点can / could表能力表能力“能能/会会”cant“不会，不能不会，不能”区别区别 be able to表许可表许可“可以可以”

9、cant “不可以，不许不可以，不许”代替代替may表推测表推测“可能可能”cant “不可能不可能”主要用于主要用于否否定定/疑问句疑问句中中1 表示某人通过努力克服困难做成某事表示某人通过努力克服困难做成某事,要用要用was / were able to.2 could, might, would 表委婉语气用于疑问句表委婉语气用于疑问句, 答语仍须用答语仍须用 can, may, will.3 can 用于肯定句中用于肯定句中, 可表示可表示”有时可能有时可能”2. can/could 4. can/could have done “本可以，本可能做某事本可以，本可能做某事” 用于用于肯

10、定句肯定句中，表示对中，表示对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情做出的判断。做出的判断。 你本来可以考的更好。你本来可以考的更好。you could have had a better mark.5. can/could not have done 对对过去发生过去发生行为进行推行为进行推测测:不可能做某事不可能做某事1) 刚才我还看见他了，刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国的。所以他不可能出国的。 i saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.2) 门是锁着的，门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。the door was loc

11、ked，so she couldnt have been at home. 情态动词情态动词 含义含义否定式否定式 注注 意意 点点may /might表许可表许可“可以可以”mustnt “不许，严禁不许，严禁”口语中也可用口语中也可用cant表推测表推测“可能可能”cant “不可能不可能”主要用于主要用于肯定肯定句，句，不能用在不能用在疑问疑问句句 （may not 可能不）可能不）3.may/might注意：注意：might/may have done,表示对表示对过去发生的动作过去发生的动作进行可进行可能性推测，能性推测， 1）他可能去医务室了。他可能去医务室了。he may hav

12、e gone to the clinic.2）他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。he might have read about the news in the newspaper.1. -may i use your pencil? -yes, you may. / no, you mustnt.2. she may not be working now. 3. john might be at home now.4. helen may go on the trip with us, but she isnt very sure yet.5. she ma

13、y / might have read it in the paper.6. he may not have finished reading the book.情态动词情态动词 用用 法法will表请求表请求(第二人称第二人称)表意志表意志,意愿意愿表某种倾向表某种倾向或习惯或习惯would更客气的更客气的请求请求过去的意志过去的意志（愿愿）过去的倾向过去的倾向或习惯或习惯4.will/would情态动词情态动词 用用 法法shall征求对方意见征求对方意见(第一第一, 三人称三人称)表示命令表示命令,警告警告, 威胁或威胁或允诺允诺 (第二第二, 三人称三人称) should / ough

14、t to表示劝告表示劝告,建议建议,命令或责任命令或责任“应该应该, 必须必须”表示推测表示推测, “理应理应, 估估计计, 大概大概, 可望可望”should 还可还可表示表示“竟然竟然”5.shall ,should 和和ought toyou shall do as i say. (命令命令)1.在陈述句中在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。命令、决心等。shall i open the window for you？（征求意见）？（征求意见）2.在疑问句中在疑问句中,用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征用于一、三人称，用来表示请求

15、或征求意见。求意见。注意：注意：tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺允诺)nothing shall stop me doing it. (决心决心) shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）？（请求）young people should learn how to use computers. 3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意意义相近，但义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。every citi

16、zen ought to obey law. you ought not to go.you should/ought to have told her the truth earlier. she shouldnt have left without saying a word.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评表示责备或批评,意意为为“本应该本应该但但”,ought to的语气更强烈的语气更强烈,用于否定用于否定则表示则表示“本不该本不该但但”5.should用于可能性推测时用于可能性推测时,表表“应该，很可能应该，很可能”they left at 5:3

17、0. they should get there now.1.作为情态动词情态动词用，常用在否定句否定句和疑问句疑问句中。dare (need) +s +vs + darent (neednt) +vi darent walk through the forest at night.dare you walk through the forest at night?you neednt return the book now.need he go yesterday?六六.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 2.作实义动词实义动词用，常用在肯定句肯定句中

18、, 有人称、时态、和数的变化he needs to go there himself.he has grown up,so we dont need to worry about him. 3.sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done the house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned the boy needs sending to the hospital at once.表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测mu

19、st 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, might cant, couldntcan, could + v. + v. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + v. + v. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +v. + v. + have done + be doing+ v. + v. + have done + be doingi. try to explain the meanings of the modal i. try to explain the meanin

20、gs of the modal verbs in the following sentences.verbs in the following sentences.1.he can speak english well.2.you can go home now.3.that cant be true.4.could you please show me the way to beihai park?5.they hunters are lost. they could starve.6. may i come in?7. he may give you some help?abilityab

21、ilitypermissionpermissionguessingguessingrequestrequestpossibilitypossibilitypermissionpermissionpossibilitypossibility8.dont worry. i will help you.9.often he would dress up like a rich man.10.would you like to join us for dinner?11.you shall have the ticket as soon as i get it.12.you should arrive

22、 at the airport two hours before he goes.13.it is five oclock. he should turn up soon.14.wang feng wins an award every year. he must be misepromisepast habitrequestpromisepredictionadvicespeculation2. 用情态动词完成句子用情态动词完成句子1).youve been working all day. you_ be very tired.2).(the doorbell ring

23、s) i wonder who that is. it _ be lisa. shes still in the library at this time.3).it is a long time since we met last time. you _ come and see us more often. mustcantshould4.i havent decided where im going for my holidays. i _ go to australia.5.my fathers birthday is ccoming. what _ i give him?6.why

24、dont you try on this dress? it _ look nice on you.mayshallwill7. “who was the man talking with your teacher?” “im not sure. it _ be her brother.”8.i dont know when the guests _behere. they _arrive at any time. mightwillcould3.完成下列句子：完成下列句子： 1. i dont know where she is, she _. (可能在武汉）可能在武汉）(be)2. at

25、this moment, our teacher _（想必在批改）（想必在批改）our exam papers. ( mark / grade)3. the road is wet. it _(一定下雨了）一定下雨了） last night. (rain) 4. your mother _ （一定一直在找你）（一定一直在找你）(look)may be in wuhan gradingmust be marking must have rainedmust have been looking for you.5. philip _ seriously in the car accident. (

26、可能受了重伤可能受了重伤). (hurt)6. -linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -she _(可能走了可能走了)by bus.(go)7. mike _(一定还没有找回一定还没有找回)his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found4.multiple-choice1. isnt that anns husband over there? no

27、, it _ be him. im sure he doesnt wear glasses. (04全国全国i 29) a. cant b. must not c. wont d. may not2. ill tell mary about her new job tomorrow. you _ her last week. (04福建福建32) a. ought to tell b. would have told c. must tell d. should have told3. i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i

28、 _ report it to the police? (04广西广西21) a. should b. may c. will d. can4. mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (04广西广西27) a. should have arrived b. should arrive c. should have had arrived d. should be arriving5. excuse me. is this the right way to the summer palace? sorry, i am

29、 not sure. but it _ be. (04湖北湖北26) a. might b. will c. must d. can6. excuse me, but i want to use your computer to type a report. you _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. (04湖南湖南28) a. shant b. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt7. i dont mind telling you what i know. you _. im not asking you

30、 for it. (04江苏江苏22) a. mustnt b. may not c. cant d. neednt8. mum, ive been studying english since 8 oclock. _ i go out and play with tom for a while? no, im afraid not . besides, its raining outside now. (04辽宁辽宁29) a. cant b. wouldnt c. may not d. wont9. you _ be tired youve only been working for an

31、 hour. (04全国全国ii 29) a. must not b. wont c. cant d. may not10. children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (04上海上海28) a. must b. may c. can d. need11. who is the girl standing over there? well, if you _ know, her name is mabel. (04天津天津31) a.

32、may b. can c. must d. shall12. i _ pay tracy a visit, but i am not sure whether i will have time this sunday. (04浙江浙江26) a. should b. might c. would d. could13. “the interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04重庆重庆24) a. may b. should

33、 c. must d. shall14. he paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. (05年山东年山东34) a. could b. would c. must d. need15. he _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05年北京年北京26) a. should b. must c. wouldnt d. cant16. i _ have been more than six years old w

34、hen the accident happened. (05年天津年天津14) a. shouldnt b. couldnt c. mustnt d. neednt17. ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. it _ harrys. he always wears green. (05年广东年广东33) a. has to be b. will be c. mustnt be d. could be18. tom is never late for work. why is he absent today? something _

35、 to him. (05年江西年江西22) a. must happen b. should have happened c. could have happened d. must have happened19. the world wide web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it _ be very slow. (05年浙江年浙江9) a. should b. must c. will d. can 20. lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. sh

36、e _. ive already borrowed one. (05年湖南年湖南24) a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. shouldnt21. this cake is very sweet. you _ a lot of sugar in it. (05年辽宁年辽宁26) a. should put b. could have put c. might put d. must have put22. i was on the high way when this car went past followed by a police car. they _ at

37、least 150 kilometers an hour. (05年重庆年重庆33) a. should have been doing b. must have been doing c. could have done d. would have done23. tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (05年全国年全国i 26) a. wouldnt b. mustnt c. neednt d. may not24. did you tell julia about the result? oh, no, i f

38、orgot. i _ her now. (05年全国年全国iii 8) a. will be calling b. will call c. call d. am to call25. john, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? (05年全国年全国iii 19) a. must b. can c. may d. need26. helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. (05年安徽年安徽26) a. shall b. must

39、c. may d. can27. catherine, i have cleaned the room for you. thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself. (05年福建年福建31) a. neednt d b. neednt have done c. mustnt do d. shouldnt have done28. there _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. (05年上海年上海27) a. mustnt b. shant c. shouldnt d. neednt 29. some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. (06湖南湖南32) a. can; have to b. may; can c. have to; may d. ought to; must30. the weather turned out to be fine yesterday. i _ the