(完整版)写作教程(一)unit1答案

1、iUnit 1PARTnFOCUSDeno tati on and Conno tati onSuggested an swer to the questi onIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has animplication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance(e.g. an elderlygentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeepe

2、r, an amiable middle-agedwoman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g.the plump goddessesof Renaissancepaintings). From this exercise we can con clude thatwords that share the same deno tative meanings can be diverse in their conno tativemeanin gs.Refere nee

3、for the Classroom Activities1. father: the male pare nt. It conno tes support and sternn ess; it also conno tes protection but in a serious fashi on.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.WordDeno tati onConno tati onSentencegolda precious yellow metalwealth,value,pr

4、ecious ness, etcSile nee is gold.moonthe n atural body that movesaround the earth once every28 daystranq uility,purity,somethi ng out ofreach, etc.Theres no point hop ingfor peace in the country. It slike ask ing forthe moon.icewater frozen so that it hasbecome solidcold ness,indifferenee, cruelty,d

5、eath, etc.The ice in his voice wasonly to hide the pa in.bloodred liquid flowing throughthe bodies of humans and animalsfamily backgro und,desce nt,race,temperame nt, etc.Blood is thicker thanwater.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toug

6、h ness.b. Any way, she has the characteristics of a woma n, such as frailty and delicacy.AttitudeRefere nee for the Classroom Activities 1.FavorableNeutralUnfav orableuniq ue, qua intstra ngebizarre, abno rmalresolute, steadfaststubbor n, doggedpigheadedcomplime nt (v.)praise, comme nd, flatterlick

7、ones bootssenior citize nold pers onfossilbachelor girlsi ngle woma nspin ster2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spin sterCollocati onSuggested an swers to the exercisea. do somebody a favorb. do somebody goodc. make a gesture2d. do evile. do harmf.make an effortReference for the Cl

8、assroom Activities1. 1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friendsflour orflower , ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind ) and ground (meaning the solidsurface of the earth). In this e

9、xcerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to thetext.Reference for the Classroom Activities1. The false friends arelie meaning to keep ones body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your feverrose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ellas

10、eyebrowsraised.c. Jack has beenlying around all day.d. The soldierslaid aside their weapons.e. A heavy foglay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that tablestationary , or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by

11、 it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareItsnot fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passedvs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bik

12、ensevs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fogs so thick; I cant see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subje

13、ct is compoundRefere nee for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it expresses3a sin gular meaning or whe n each of the sin gular subjects is con sidere(in dividually,it takes a sin gular verb.2. After a compound subject with or, n

14、or, either or, neithernor, notbut, the verbagrees in nu mber and pers on with the n earer part of the subject.3. Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do noaffect the nu mber of a verb. Such phrases are no rmally in troduced by prepositi on orprepositions or prep

15、ositional phrasessuch as as well as, as much as, rather tha n,along with, in additi on to, together with, with, plus, and in cludi ng.Whe n the subject expresses qua ntityRefere nee for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take a sin gular

16、verb.2. Some words or phrases, such aall, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singular orplural verb, depe nding on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3. Phrases like lots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs depending on theform of the nouns that follow.4. In sentenc

17、es with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, the verbshould take a sin gular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Referenee for the Classroom Activitiesa. He was one of the can didates who were able to

18、carry out their campaig n pledges. Hewas the only one of the can didates who was able to carry out his campaig n pledges.b. What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.

19、There are hun dreds ofapplica nts on the wait ing list for the job.Summary1. After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and nu mberas the an tecede nt. (In the sec ond sentence in Pair a, the an tecede nt the only one,not the can didates)2. After a what-clause, the ver

20、b is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3. In the there-bestructure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number ofthe subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first no

21、un or nominal phrase is singular._OthersRefere nee for the Classroom Activitiesa. Nobody in town admits seeing him.b. Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d. None works/work so hard as he does.e. Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be r

22、eady for is their attempts to break up the meet ing.g. The jury is fin ally complete.h. The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Sema ntics is the study of meanin gs.4Summary1. In defi nite pronouns such as an ybody, anyone, each, everybody, no body, no one,and somebod

23、yge nerally require a sin gular verb.2. The pronounsany and none take either singular or plural verbs.3. The complement of the verbbe does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a un it,but a plural verb whe n the members of the clas

24、s are thought of as in dividuals.5. Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a singu arverb.6. Certa in nouns which are plural in form but sin gular in meaning gen erally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, andwhereaboutsPART IV

25、 WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested an swers to the questi ons1. Notes are the simplest and shortest form of writte n com muni cati on and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:-the addressethe pers on(s) to whom the n ote is writte n;-the message;-the sen der.3.

26、 Notes are characterized by their brevity, in formality in style, and dedicati on to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested an swers to the questi ons1. The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, you may,at times, n eed to state the hour or eve n the minu te.2. You can ad

27、d the word Dear before the addressename and a complimentary close.3. A complime ntary close is put before your sig nature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesmanis a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat dow n by the oak tre

28、e, enjoying threezecomi ng from the lake.d. We n eed todri nk the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woma n receiveda lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our uni versity can accommodate4000 stude

29、nts.i. Social customsvary greatly from country to coun try.2. The writersattitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.5(2) elapsed(3) attempting(6) made(7) endeavor4. a. The state attorney said that the man would bperosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should bdeisintereste

30、d but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ballfarther than I can.d. We must pursue this mattefrurther.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astoundingsuccess.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for themusic contest.g.The fed

31、eral government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executivebranches.h. The whole region was struck by aneconomic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5.My sister Lulu accepteda scholarship to study in the UK. She had done verywell in school and the principal thought that living w

32、ith a British family would teach her alot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised towrite home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she alwaysdoes pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., sheadap

33、ted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knewthat as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-consciousof her poorclothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterestedin; whatfascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She foundpeople there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Ofcourse, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced culturalshocks continually , she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In theproceed