Technology Partnership A Case Study from ndia技术合作伙伴来自印度的的案例的研究

1、b. chandrasekaranunido expert(scientist, clri, india)q related to knowledge based productsq high level of intangibility of market valueq cost of generation weakly coupled to market valueq high market riskq high rate of obsolescenceq not suited to mindset of business as usual approachq need new busin

2、ess process modelsacceptordonorknowledge based productsuser of technologies technologymoneyknowledge sourcer&d agencyservice providersuser industryotherspartnershipstechnologypartnership in identification,development and useequity sharingq involves partnership mechanismq based on arrangement amo

3、ng partnersq involves investment of equityq employs complementary investmentsq open to flexible goals and mutual understandingq may involve multiple agenciesq involves technology transfer mechanismq bound by agreement clausesq involves buyer-seller arrangementq needs clear definition of goals and bu

4、yer expectationsq suited mostly for two agencies at a time viz. buyer-sellertransaction modelpartnership modelq market for productsq competitive manufacturing systemsq access to technology and expertiseq access to quality manpowerq facility for intelligent manufacturingq policy support base right si

5、zing plantsq market and product/process intelligenceq enabling technology/policy interfacial supportq assessment and forecasting of technological needsqtechnology foresightqtechnology sizingq generation of technologiesqglobally pre-competitiveqglobally competitiveq extension of technologiesqmodels t

6、o suit user potentialsqmechanisms for rapid propagationq development of people for technology cultureqexperts, shop floor supervisors and workersq championing the cause of the industrial sector with governments for technology/policy interface qmutual trustqwill to cooperate and corporate outlooksqco

7、mmon goalsqshared visionsqcompatible culturesqcomplementing actionsqmutual and satisfying gainsqrewarding successesqinvestments into long term relationships rather than one perceived business potentialq comparative advantages (natural endowments)qagriculture; food processing, textile, leather etcq c

8、ompetitive advantage sectors (talent endowments)qskill based: gem & jewellery, engineering, servicesq knowledge based: it, communication, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and performance chemicalsq economy of scope basedqfashion products suited to small production systemsq creativity basedqart pro

9、ducts, hand crafted products, ethnic productsqcustom designed and fabricated case of institute-industry synergyq indian leather industry is sme sectorq in house r&d capacity of leather sectorq clri has a long term partnership with the leather sectorq private-public partnership in r&d on leat

10、herq currently research and consultancy income is 85% of external cash flow (ecf)q periodic technology forecasting and assessmentq sectoral (five year plan) is made by clriq technology plan for leather sector is jointq fashion forecasting led by clri q industry participation in selection of technolo

11、gy targetsq planning of r&d goals over 3 year time frameq in house r&d focusses long term goalsq near term r&d goals identified and supported by private sectorq clri plays advocacy body of sector with governmentq academy-industry-partnership for education led to 60% of industry being man

12、ned by alumni of clriq in 1996, supreme court ordered the closure of 400 tanneries in tamil naduq clri developed a technology planq technology plan was implemented jointly with neeri in 764 tanneries in tnq do ecology solutions implemented within 9 monthsq there is now no tannery in tn which is not

13、connected to a pollution control deviceq corporate environmental plan for leather sector has been madeq clri champions the implementation of national environmental plan for leather sectortechnology disseminationenvironmental benefitstechnology implementationtechnology demonstrationdesign generic tec

14、hnologiesunit specific technology optionidentification of technology gapsprocess auditneericlriaishtmareduction in pollution loadreduction in hydraulic loadreduction in waste water treatment costsmanual desaltingmechanical desaltingprovides reduction of 15% load provides reduction of 15% load of tds

15、of tdsqsimple and easy to adoptqrecovers more than 98% of chromiumqfinancially attractive with a pay back period of 1 yearq since 1992, clri meets lcma once in 3 yearsq technology targets for every five years prepared and selectedq within 6 months of the meeting lead products are developedq lcma-clr

16、i meet at clri and identify specific business prospectsq interested clients sponsor r&d at clriq 33 technologies have been developed under the partnership during 92-95 of which 25 were commercialized during 95-98q this is an ongoing partnershipqsuccessfully transferred on partnership model manuf

17、acture of syn. fatliquorqenjoys 50% of the market for synthetic fatliquors in india and gets exported to other countries as wellqmineral and formaldehyde free syntans developed and transferredqfind unique market placeq a 200 year old tanning method practiced in some clusters with attended disadvanta

18、ges of long process time (35 days), poor yield (30%) and bad smell of the resulting product.q the method enjoys the advantage of relatively low equipment investments and ease of practice in small production systems with low investment capability.q the technology recycles much of the materials employ

19、ed and there are features which merit preservation.qa new process with improvements in diffusion of materials into the skin matrix developed.qprocess time reduced to 15 instead of 35daysqproduct yield increased to 40 from 30%qquality of leather improved markedly with increase in market value from us

20、 $ 1.8 to 2.3 per kgqthe delivery of the process in a tannery cluster faced considerable challengesqthe acceptance of the technology by a community of 177 families gained through a national mission q bag tanning is traditionally practiced. an improved process reducing process time by 60% and increas

21、ing yield by 33% has been implemented in rural tanning sectorqnational survey indicates that about 80,000 people are directly employed in tanning sector who use traditional technologies.qs&t interventions in traditional tanning sector involving 177 families have been successfully made in karnata

22、ka. this can be further extended.qfollow-up programmes to reach additional 8000-9000 tanners have been developed .q for over 100 years, athani and nippani in southwest india are known for the manufacture of distinct footwear “kolhapuris”, made from local leather. the product had gained popularity du

23、e to rugged look. once this product was exported to europe. the product lost pride and market due to varying workmanship affording non standard products. this resulted in impoverishment of artisans in terms of both money and skill. about 6000 people got marginalised. they had no knowledge of the mar

24、ket needs. lack of training and learning aggravated the problemq a group of four artisans were invited to clriq the traditional methods employed were studiedq through computer assisted methods, designs for lasts and templates required for fabrication were designed and madeq benefits of the use of be

25、tter quality of leather demonstratedq a new methodology for hand woven footwear developedq product range was enlarged through 120 new designs q synergy with a ngo who is physically present in the cluster was developed.q design innovations, use of alternative materials and development of new market m

26、echanisms were developed. new brand image “toehold” is promoted.q eco-friendly natural materials, ergonomically designed, boutique product, fashion incorporated.q the ngo has been working with women of the family and linked technology absorption with community development.qin september 1999, three a

27、rtisans from the region were invited to the most important gds shoe fair in the world held at germanyqa special display of the product was organisedqa sample order for 30000 pairs at a product price of us$ 8 per pair (as against the original price of us $ 0.9) has been gainedqa social group of the a

28、rtisans has now taken to the manufacturing and management of the systemsqa new social order is seen among leather workers qhandling systems for large animalsqflaying systems to avoid flay cutsqwet rendering of meat and carcass productsqrecovery of tallow, meat and bone mealsqensilation of ruminal co

29、ntentsqadequate protection of immediate environmentqcost benefit analysis to demonstrate viability at four animals per day capacityqwet rendering of dead animals has been a useful process for decentralized fallen carcass recovery units. this is a pressure cooker which enables removal of meat and sep

30、aration of bonesqdrying systems for decentralized production of byproducts from fallen carcass have been designed and developed.qcmeri provided the design support.qmeat meal recovered from fallen carcass can be effectively recovered and poultry feed products obtained. poultry feed is a valuable bypr

31、oduct from dead animalsqthe government has recognized the need for technology propagation. commissioning of about 1000 fallen carcass recovery centers in india is now under consideration.qit is estimated that about 3-4 million hides can be additionally recovered. this is likely to increase rural emp

32、loyment by an estimated 65000 people in primary raw material sector, about 800 tanners and 6400 product manufactures. q hrd missionqobjective to reach one million people for skill enhancement and trainingq global bench markingqcapacity buildingqproductivity enhancementqiso certificationq modernizati

33、on scheme (idls)qclri developed the programme and serves as the nodal agencyq leather complex kolkataq master plan for complexq design of cetpqtno-clri-blc cooperation for strengthening efforts towards environmental preparednessqunido sub-contracts for demonstration of cleaner production technologie

34、s in sri lanka and bangladeshqglobal alliance for pollution reduction with institutions in germany, austria, uk, belgium and bangladeshqcollaboration with csiro, australia for salinity reductionqcontract research with du-pont, dow, alta-fina, basf (germany), procter & gamble(valueinmillionus$)item/year 2003-042004-052005-062006-072007-08finishedleather555.71607.73636.27724.00766.93footwear767.73910.771045.241236.911475.83leathergarments301.08329.44333.30309.91343.99leathergoods539.21585.72660.17706.28784.95saddlery&harness52.7