大学英语Unit4 TextAB

1、中国农业大学人文与发展学院外语系教案课程名称：大学英语三级课程名称：大学英语三级 教教 材：材：（全新版）大学英语（第 3 册）单元主题单元主题：unit 4 extraterrestrials任课教师：任课教师： 授课班级：授课班级： extraterrestrialsextraterrestrialsbook 3 unit 4objectivestalk about extraterrestrials and outer spacewords in associationlanguage points and grammatical structureswrite narrative st

2、orieslanguage pointspessimist (l.3)ua person who always expects bad things to happenudont be such a pessimist!uyou dont have to be a pessimist to realize that were in trouble. 词的拓展：词的拓展：pessimist-optimistpessimism-optimismpessimistic-optimisticpessimistically-optimistically there is now a mood of de

3、epening pessimism about/over the economy. the doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery.on account of (l. 6)u(fml ) because of; as a result of; due to; owing to; thanks touthe house isnt really suitable for an old person on account of all those stairs.uthe president declined to deliver t

4、he speech himself on account of a sore throat.uaccount for: explain the cause of sth.解释，说明uhis illness accounts for his absence.utake sth. into account: consider sth.uwhen judging his performance, dont take his age into account.ufoolish or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed atudont be ridiculo

5、us! you cant pay 500 yuan for a t-shirt!uthey ate and drank a ridiculous amount.u近义词：近义词：uabsurdridiculous (l.6)deputy (l. 10)un. the second most important person in a particular organization 副职， 副手， 代表， 代理人 uwhen the headmaster was away, the deputy head did his job. u当校长不在时，代校长代理他的工作。ua deputy was

6、appointed in case the manager became ill.u副手是经理有病的时候被指定的代理人。 uto develop or produce gradually by mental or physical effort; to bring sth. into existence, esp. gradually or in stages; spend time and effort preparing; ushe went for a long walk to work up an appetite. (= to make oneself hungry)ui cant

7、work up any enthusiasm for his idea.uto increase ones skill, responsibility, efficiency, or status through workuworked up to 30 sit-ups a daywork up (l.11)tax (l. 11)un. 1) a contribution for the support of a government required of persons, groups, or businesses within the domain of that government.

8、 税款，税 uthese two shopkeepers are in prison for tax evasion.u这两个店主因逃税而坐牢。 u2) a burdensome or excessive demand; a strain.（常与on, upon连用）重负，负担 ua tax on ones healthu健康上的负担 tax (l. 11)uvt. 1) to place a tax on (income, property, or goods).征税，课税 uthe rich are heavily taxed. u富人被课以重税。 u2) to make a charge

9、 against; accuse:（常与with连用）指责，责备，指控 uhe was taxed with failure to appear on the day appointed. u他被指责没有在约定的日期出现。 u3) to make difficult or excessive demands upon: 使负重担， 使受压力 ureading in a poor light taxes the eyes. u在暗淡的光线下读书很累眼睛。ua boss who taxed everyones patience.u耗费每个人的忍耐力的老板pension (l.13)un. an a

10、mount of money paid regularly to someone who can no longer earn (enough) money by workinguwhen added to social security payments, pensions enable many retired americans to live comfortably.ua pensioner is one who receives a pension, especially the retirement pension.uthe employees in many companies

11、put aside money for their retirement pensions. pension (l.13)allowance, installment, alimonya(n) allowance is a small amount of money given regularly to a child by its parents.if you pay for something in installments, you pay small sums of money at regular intervals over a period of time.分期付款 the al

12、imony is the money that someone has to pay regularly to their former wife or husband after they have been divorced.赡养费；生活费 disable (l. 13)uvt. make (a person) unable to use his/her body properlyuafter the war, many disabled veterans ended up miserably in germany. uthe new insurance rules specify tha

13、t the disabled for the public benefit are to receive bigger pensions. u新的保险条例规定因工伤残者将得到更多的抚恤金.veteran (l. 13)un. 1）person with much or long experience, esp. as a soldier 老兵 ugrandfather is a veteran of the second world war. u祖父是参加过第二次世界大战的老兵。uveterans day was originally established to honor american

14、s who had served in world war i.u老兵节最初的建立是来纪念那些在第一次世界大战中服过兵役的人veteran (l. 13)u2）a person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity or a capacity 经验丰富的人，老手 ua veteran of political campaigns.u政治斗争的老手 uadj. having had long experience or practice资格老的 ua veteran actor. u资深演员uthe veteran workers

15、 and model workers are held in high esteem in this factory. u老工人和劳动模范在这个工厂深受尊敬。u【同义词】experienced a. 富有经验的例如：例如：complicated (l. 14)uadj. having many parts that are organized in a way that may be difficult to understand or deal withuthe new computer is too complicated even for a skilled operator to ha

16、ndle.uthe situation in afghanistan is so complicated that many people are uncertain what will happen next.uhe gave me directions, but they were so complicated i got lost.uvt. complicate; n. complicationuthe rescue operation was complicated by bad weather.uthe issue is complicated by the fact that a

17、vital document is missing.usynonyms: complex; elaboratecomplicated (l. 14) cf: complicated & complex两者都有两者都有“复杂复杂”之意。之意。 complex 意为“综合的、合成的”，指组成某种机器的零件、构成某件事的因素或构成数学题的元素不仅很多，而且相互的关系或相互的作用也令人眼花缭乱，需要深入研究或具有专门的知识才能理解。the complex mechanism of a watchphysics is a rather complex subject involving the

18、study of matter and motion(运动). complicated具有complex的一切意义，但更强调复杂得难以解释或理解。一道算式题可能非常complex，但未必complicated；而一道complicated的算式题，一般总是complex的。例如： that puzzle is too complicated for the children.那谜语对儿童来说太难了。approachable (l. 17)u形容人，表示易亲近的、友好的（形容人，表示易亲近的、友好的（friendly and easy to talk to）；）； u形容某个地方，形容某个地方，

19、 意为可接近的（意为可接近的（able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means）。）。uwhy do you think by april 14, bart cameron isnt approachable? uaccording to the author, bart cameron is an impatient man and gets very irritable when he has to work up his income tax. april 15 is the deadline

20、for tax forms to be mailed. so on april 14 some people stay up late trying to finish all the tax forms. since cameron has got very complicated tax figures, he naturally grows particularly impatient and testy when working on them.uinformaluto take a break or rest from; stop; to cease workuits after12

21、; lets knock off for lunch.uto complete, accomplish, finishuthat author knocks off three novels a year.uto get rid of, eliminateuknocked off 12 pounds in a monthuto hold up or robuknocked off a bankuto copy or imitate, esp. without permissionuknocking off someone elses ideasknock off (l.21)uinformal

22、; go to beduive got a busy day today, so i think ill hit the sack.u有关有关hit的短语的短语:uhit the decku起床；被打倒；准备行动 uhit the roofu大发脾气，暴跳如雷大发脾气，暴跳如雷 uhit the bottleu贪杯；酗酒；用酒瓶喝酒贪杯；酗酒；用酒瓶喝酒hit the sack/hay (l.21)curse (l. 21)un. 1) swear 诅咒, 咒骂 uour tribe is under a curse. 我们的部族正遭天谴。ui hit my finger with the h

23、ammer and cursed silently to myself.u我的手指被锤子击中了，我暗自咒骂自己。u2）a source or cause of evil; a scourge祸因, 祸根 ufoxes can be a curse to farmers. 狐狸可给农民带来祸害。u“selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race” u“自私是人类最大的祸根”。 uvt. to invoke evil or misfortune upon; damn咒骂 uhe cursed the waiter who had spille

24、d soup on him. u他咒骂那个把汤溅在他身上的男侍者。curse (l. 21)ube cursed with 受折磨, 不幸有毛病, 因而受害ube under a curse 被诅咒, 遭天灾;ucall down a curse upon sb. 诅咒人;u【辨 析】 curse, damn都含“咒诅，咒骂”的意思。curse 是常用词, 指求神降灾祸给某人或某物。 damn 主要用于粗俗的语句中, 表示“诅咒”。u【反义词】bless vt. 祝福, 保佑u【同义词】swear vi. at诅咒, 宣誓, 发誓column (l. 22)un. 1) a tall pill

25、ar 柱，圆柱 ua column of mercury 水银柱uthe roof of the temple was held up by a row of stone columns.u2) a series of numbers arranged one under the other 队，纵队，直行 uhe asked the children to add up the long column of figure. ushe added up the first column of figures and entered the total at the bottom.u3） a f

26、eature article that appears regularly in a publication, such as a newspaper栏，专栏（文章） uthere are two columns on each page of this dictionary. u【派 生】 columnist n. 报刊专栏作者un. a spacecraft in the shape of a tube that is driven by a stream of gases let out behind it when fuel is burned insideulong march ca

27、rrier rocketuv. to increase very quickly and suddenly usales of milk in supermarket are rocketing.uunemployment has rocketed up again.urocketing pricesrocket (l.25)u(eyes) stick out or cause (eyes) to stick out; annoy sbuthe naughty kid from next door put a frog in my mailbox, which really bugged me

28、.uhis eyes bugged with horror.bug (l.29)usmall insectsuhe closed the windows to keep the bugs out.ua small living thing causing disease, typically a bacterium; a germuim running a fever; i must have picked up a bug somewhere. bug (l.29)uan error or malfunction in a computer program or systemuthe sys

29、tem failed again because of a bug in that old software. ua miniature microphone was concealed to eavesdrop or record illicitly the conversation on the telephone uthe telephone in her room was bugged. udebug: to identify and remove errors from computer hardware of software uhe is debugging the comput

30、er. bug (l.29)uadj. not before n. very similaruthe twins are as alike as two peas in a pod.ufriends are generally alike in background and tastes.uadv. in a very similar wayugreat minds think alike.uthey dress and walk alike.uthey tried to treat all their children alike.alike (l.37)locality (l. 46)un

31、. 1) the position of sth. (pl.) 位置, 地点 uhaving lived in california for about ten years, they moved to another locality.u在加利福尼亚住了十年，他们搬到了另一个地方。 u2) a particular neighborhood, place, or district 地区, 现场 ulocalities, even individual villages, developed their own languages. u每一地区，甚至小村子都有他们自己的语言。u【派生词】 u

32、localism n. 方言, 地方主义, 地方观念u localize v. （使）局部化, （使）地方化, 停留在一地方uadj. (of buildings and places) far away from any othersuisolated rural areasuwithout so much contact with other people or other countriesuelderly people easily become socially isolated.uvt. isolateua high wall isolated the house from the

33、 rest of the neighborhood.un. u isolationuthe country has been threatened with complete isolation from the international community unless the atrocities stop.uthe prisoner was kept in isolation for three days.isolated (l. 48)uto start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towar

34、ds sb/sthuall three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.uwe adopted the new method of making wine.uto take another persons child legally into your own family to raise as your own childuany childless couple may adopt a child.un. adoptionuadoption gives many needy children a future as we

35、ll as giving many childless couples a family.uadj. adopteduamerica is isaac asimovs adopted country.adopt (l.52)ua particular way of doing sth; a particular type of sth.urailways are the most important mode of transport for the economy.ua mode of communication/behavioru他突然富有起来了，从而改变了他的整个生活方式。uhe sud

36、denly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life.mode (l.52)appearance (l. 53)un. 1）the act or an instance of coming into sight.出现，显露，露面 uthe principals appearance at the party didnt seem to be very welcome.u2) outward aspect:外貌, 外观 uan untidy appearanceu外表不整洁uhe had an unhealthy appearanc

37、e. u看起来他身体不太好。u3) a superficial aspect; a semblance表面现象, 外貌，外表 udont judge by appearances. 不能以貌取人。ukeeping up an appearance of wealth保持富有的样子light (l. 54)umental understanding as an enlightening experience启发；明白；理解；领悟ucome/bring to light 成为人所周知usee the light 了解真相；接受看法uthrow/shed light on 解释，使显得清楚u1) b

38、e attracted by; like or prefer, admire 爱好，对有特别喜欢ui dont go for war films in a big way. u what sort of men do you go for? u2) to attack攻击 uan opponent who is known to go for the jugular (djul对手的致命弱点，致命处) in argumentsu在辩论中以犀利有力而有名的对手 u3) to pass for or serve as用作 ua couch that also goes for a bed u一个可

39、用作床的长沙发。go for sth. (l. 55)(l. 55) go 的一些搭配的一些搭配 go after追赶，追求 go against反对， 违背 go ahead进行，开始 go along进行，进展 go at攻击，努力做go back on 违背（诺言等）go into 进入，参加，开始从事go through 查找，经历， 被批准 go under 失败，破产，沉没 go with 跟相配，与相伴; go without 没有ushut and open your eyes rapidlyustaring for hours at a computer screen dri

40、es out the eyes as people blink less.uill be back before you can blink. (= very quickly)uwhen i told him the news he didnt even blink. (= showed no surprise at all)uin the blink of an eye: extremely quicklyuin the blink of an eye, he has gone.uon the blink: broken; no longer working correctlyuwhen a

41、 machine is on the blink, it is not working correctly.blink (l.59)upay no attention, even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties; despite; in spite of everythinguthe job is open to all, regardless of previous experience.uthe weather was terrible but we carried on regardless (ad). uregard:

42、 n. regard to/for sb./sth.usome only children have no regard for other peoples feelings.ushe gives little regard to her sisters teasing.ugive the family my best regards. (=good wishes pl.)regardless(l.60)uregard: v. regard asuher parents always regarded her as the cleverest of their children.u“titan

43、ic” is regarded as his best film so far.uprep. regarding; as regards sb/sth; in/with regard to 关关于于 ushe has said nothing regarding your request.ui have little information as regards her fitness for the post.uevery country has laws in regard to human rights.regardless(l.60)ucompletely available to h

44、elp sb.uif you need anything. i am at your service.ube of service (to sb.): to be useful or helpfulucan i be of service to you?u“thank you so much for that.” “im glad to have been of service.”udo sb. a service: to do sth. to help someoneuyouve done me a great service. thank you.at ones service (l. 6

45、0-61)arrangement (l. 62)un. 1) the act or process of arranging（常pl.）安排，准备工作 uthe arrangement of a time and place for the meeting.uwe have made arrangements to turn out the goods as early as possible. u我们已做好安排，尽早生产此货。 u2) the condition, manner, or result of being arranged; disposal 整理，排列，布置 uprovided

46、 flowers and saw to their arrangement.u提供花卉并保证为他们布置uthere was an arrangement of furniture in the hall. u大厅里陈列着家具。supreme (l. 72)uadj. greatest in power, rank or degreeuthe supreme court meets in washington, d.c., and the other federal courts are located in cities throughout the united states.uthey a

47、rgued that the security council was the supreme authority and the general assembly had in fact no right to authorize peacekeeping activities.u他们辩称安理会拥有最高职权，而联合国大会事实上没有对维和行动进行授权的权力。go to pieces (l. 74)uif you go to pieces, you are so upset or nervous that you lose control of yourself and cannot do wh

48、at you should do.uanne is a strong woman, but she nearly went to pieces when she heard her colleague died in the car accident.uvisit sb. at their houseu“why didnt you come around while you were in beijing on business?”uhalfway through the party, a neighbor came around to complain about the noise.uto

49、 change your opinion of something, often influenced by another persons opinionudo you still dislike your major, or have you come round to thinking its all right?uif an event that happens regularly come round, it happens at its usual timeuchristmas comes round so quickly!come around/round (l.76)有关有关“

50、造访造访”、“顺便访问顺便访问”的短语：的短语：call at/on 短暂拜访call in 顺路到某处call off取消drop in 顺便走访drop in on sb. 顺便走访某人stop by 顺便访问stop in 顺便访问pay a visit 造访come around/round (l.76)leave alone (l. 85)uallow one to be by oneself; allow sb. or sth. to remain untouched or unchanged ui told you to leave that vase alone - now y

51、ouve broken it.uits useless to talk to her since she is so upset; just leave her alone.garbage (l. 89)un. nonsense; rubbish; crapupeter was talking a lot of garbage about taxation.ufamily members hauled bags of trash out to the garbage can, and, once or twice a week, collection crews would dump them

52、 into a garbage truck.heave (l. 101)uvt. raise or lift with great effortuthey had to heave the piano onto the stage.uthe teacher heaved mary to her feet and took her to the office.un. u1. u the ability to use words in a clever and humorous wayuhe was known for his sharp/dry/quick wit.u2. c a person

53、who is skilled at using words in a clever and humorous wayumark twain was a well-known wit.u3. (also wits) quick understanding; intelligenceuhe lacked the wit to respond in time.wit (l.102)ucollocation:ucollect/gather ones wits使自己镇定下来，不慌乱ua man of wits风趣的人ufrighten/scare sb. out of his wits把吓得魂不附体ua

54、t ones wits/wits end: be so worried by a problem that you do not know what to do next 智穷技尽；再也没有办法了ushe was at her wits end wondering how shed manage it all in the time.wit (l.102)make like (l.103)u(infml) act as if one were; pretend to be 假装，装扮做 uthe child was holding up his arms making like a tree.

55、uthe old man made like a monkey to amuse the children.ustop making like you know everything, ok?ushe made like she was about to leave, but then stayed for hours.make like (l.103)umake构成的几个词组：umake up of 由组成 umake believe +sb. sth. clause 假装，装扮 umake for 朝前进, 促成，有助于 umake out 看出，辨认出, 理解，了解, 写出umake u

56、p 组成，构成, 补充, 和解, 化装,编造knock sb./sth. down (l.103)u1) cause someone to fall to the ground by pushing or hitting himuthe old man died in hospital after being knocked down by a car.uthe driver was in serious trouble for knocking down a pedestrian on a pedestrian crossing.u2) destroy and remove sth.uthe

57、 house is being knocked down to make way for a new road.uwere planning to knock the dividing wall down so as to make one large room.u3) informal; to reduce the price of sth.: knock sth. down (from sth.) (to sth.)uhe knocked down the price from $80 to $50.catch sight of (l. 103)usee for a moment一眼看见，

58、瞥见 uif you ever catch sight of him anywhere, call the police. ui caught sight of her just as she turned the corner and disappeared. usight的一些搭配：uat first sight 初看起来 uat / on sight 一见就uin sight 看得见，在望，在即 uout of sight 看不见catch sight of (l. 103)ucollocation: ucatch a glimpse of 瞥见;ui caught a glimpse

59、through the window of a figure hurrying by.ucatch the vision of 看见；洞察ucatch hold of 抓住ushe caught hold of his arm and wouldnt let go.ubecome less bright; disappear graduallyuthe curtains had faded in the sun. / the sun had faded the curtains.uhis voice faded to a whisper.ufade out: to disappear grad

60、ually; become less clear or quieteruas its getting colder and colder, their enthusiasm for doing sports in the morning faded out.umy daughters interest in drawing has now almost completely faded out. ufade in: to appear gradually; become clearer or louder（使）淡入，渐显ufade away逐渐凋谢；慢慢减弱fade (l.109)3. paraphr