2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

1、..昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题（a）考试科目代码：1111考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1 .所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。2 .评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。3 .答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。4 .答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。part ii structure and vocabulary ( 15 points

2、)directions: in this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences.for each sentencefour alternatives a, b, c or d are given. decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on youanswer sheet .it is rather that we still do not know how many species ther

3、e are in the world today.a. misleading b. boring c. embarrassing d. demandingalthough not an economist himself, dr. smith has long been a severe critic of the government ' s policies.a. economical b. economic c. economy d. economicsat three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there i

4、s never a moment when some distant mountain is not .a. on viewb. at a glance c. on the scene d. in sightbeing impatient is with being a good teacher.a. intrinsicb. ingeniousc. incompatibled. inherentshe was so in her job that she didn ' t hear anybody knocking at the doora. attractedb. absorbedc

5、. drawnd. concentratedjack was about to announce our plan but i.a. cut him short b. gave him up c. turned him out d. put him throughwhen jack was eighteen he going around with a strange set of people and stayingout very late.a. took tob. took up c. took for d. took onyou see the lightning it happens

6、, but you hear the thunder later.a. the instant b. for an instant c. on the instant d. in an instant9. it is said that the math teacher seems towards bright students.a. preferable b. partialc. beneficial d. liable10. it is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or aa. conces

7、sion b. submission c. transmission d. recession11. people who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and.a. vivacious b. perilous c. introverted d. lucrative12. benjamin franklin, tactlessin his youth, becameso diplomatic, so at handlingpeople that he was made american ambassador t

8、o france.a. shrewdb. foxyc. considerate d. adroit昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题13. consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply every cheat in the marketplace.a. in lieu of b. for the price of c. by courtesy of d. at the mercy of 14. reportersand photographersalike took gre

9、at at the rude way the actor behavedduring the interview.a. annoyanceb. resentmentc. offenced. irritation15. if you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very.a. waxyb. stickyc. slipperyd. greasypart iii. reading comprehension ( 40 points ) directions: there are four passages in this par

10、t. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. you should decide on the best choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.passage 1the prefix mach is used to describe supersonic speed. it was

11、 named for ernst mach (1838-1916), a czech-born austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. when twice the speed of sound, it is mach 2. when it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than mach 1, for example, mach 0.9. mach is defined as "the r

12、atio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered."when a plane passes the sound barrier flying faster than sound travels listeners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.sound is produced by vibrations of an

13、object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decreasein pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.the frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate

14、波动 per second and is measuredin cycles per second. the slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. as frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. the human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies

15、of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per second although this range varies among individuals. anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic.intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is me

16、asuredin decibels. the human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.the speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees fahrenheit. it varies in other temperaturesand

17、 in different media. sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. it travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. it travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-c

18、old water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.16. according to this passagemach" refers to.a. the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of soundb. a machinec. a czech-born australian physicistd. the pilot of

19、the plane 17. sound is produced by.a. vibrations of an object passing through the airb. spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pondc. thundersd. a flying plane 18. decibel is.a. the frequency of radiating wavesb. the pressure of radiating wavesc. the unit for measuring the intensity of

20、soundd. the speed of sound19. which of the following is a true statement?a. sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.b. sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.c. sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.d. sound travels fastest in coldest tempera

21、ture.20. which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?a. the prefix mach.b. the speed of sound.c. the frequency of sound.d. the intensity of sound.passage 2ce is dried and forscience is a dominant theme in our culture. since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated

22、people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. they should also have an understanding of thesubculture in which scientistslive and the kinds of people they are. an understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one k

23、nows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.this book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of scien superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of facts; for the person who sees the chief objective

24、of science as the production of gadgets; the person who views the scientistsas some sort of magician. the book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a be

25、tter understandingof science.we hope this book will lead readersto a broader perspectiveon scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. it will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and

26、 an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. in addition, readers may learn to appreciatethe relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.we have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of t

27、he scientific community and the people who populate it. that population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. this increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter t

28、raditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.in discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. to balance this built-in bias, we have adop

29、ted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. this policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.we have also tried to m

30、ake the book entertaining as well as informative. our approach is usually informal. we feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldn ake ourselves too seriously. as the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.21. according

31、 to the passage, ' scientific subculture .' meansa. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.b. people whose knowledge of science is very limitedc. the scientific communityd. people who make good contribution to science22. we need to know something about the structure and operation of s

32、cience becausea. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.b. science affects almost every aspect of our life.c. scientists live in a specific subculture.d. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.23. the book mentioned in this passage is writ

33、ten for readers who.a. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceb. are good at producing various gadgetsc. work in a storehouse of dried facts.d. want to have a superficial understanding of science.24. according to this passage, which of the following is true

34、?a. english is a sexist language.b. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.c. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacyof our language.d. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.25. the text most probably is.a. a b

35、ook reviewb. the preface of a bookc. the postscript of a bookd. the concluding part of a bookpassage 3does using a word processor affect a whter s style the medium usually does do昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题something to the message after all, even if marshall mclu isamaim that the medium simply isinthe me

36、ssage has been heard and largely forgotten tow.question matters. ray hammond, his excellent guidethe writer and the word processor predicts that over half the professionalknownwriters in britain and the usa will be using word processors by the end of 1985. the bestrecruit is len deighton, from as lo

37、ng ago as 1968, though most users have only started since thehan t tialmicrocomputer boom began in 1980./ordironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough t typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. the typssdread of having to ge out th

38、e tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substan secondthoughts, can make him consistentlychoosethe safer option in his sentencesor let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. in w processingthe text is loosenedup whil

39、st still retaining the advantageof looking formally finished.al first can part ofthis has, i think, two apparentlycontradictory effects. the initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. that cruc inspiration is never easy to recaptur

40、e, though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger composition. however, these are faults easier to detectin others than in oneself. my own experience of the sheer difficulty of committing any words at al

41、l to the page meansrateful for all the help i can get.ed by rdfor most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). most of the writers interview hammond say it has improved their styleirmmensely,

42、says deighton). seeing your own wo on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.thus it is not just by freeing you from the labor of mechanical retyping that a word processor can help you to write. one author (terence feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. possibly the feel

43、ing of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for thisour slave works hard and so do you.loseare there no drawbacks? it costs a lot and takes time to learn expect to lose weeks o, work"，says hammond, though days might be nearer

44、 the mark. notoriously it is possible tc work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. the awarenesskethat what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievably enraging and baffling.w川 word processing generally raise the level of professional wr

45、iting then? does it ma writers better as well as more productive? though all usersinsist it has done so for them individually, this is hard to believe. but reliance happens fast.26. what appears to be changing rapidly in britain and the usaa. b. c. d.the style writers are employing.the way new write

46、rs are being recruited.the medium authors are using.the message authors are putting forward.27. typing a manuscript in the conventional manner may make a writer a. have a 10t of second thoughts昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题28.b. become overcritical of his or her workc. make more mistakesd. take few risksone

47、 effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a texta.b.c.d.is done with too little attentionproduces a sloppy effectfails to produce a fluent styledoes not encourage one to pick up mistakes29.it is claimed here that word processors createa.b.c.d.a feeling of distance between

48、 a writer and his or her work the illusion that you are the servant of the machinea sensation of powera reluctance in the author to express himself or herself30.as far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage feels that hammond .a. b. c. d.is understating the probl

49、em exaggerates one drawbackis too skeptical about the advantage overestimates the danger of losing textpassage 4it is said that in england death is pressing, in canada inevitable and in california optional.small wonder. americans ' life expectancy has nearly doubledpasecentury. failing hip can b

50、e replaced, clinical depressioncontrolled, cataractsremoved in a 30-minute surgical procedure. such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginabl i entered medicine 50 years ago. but not even a great health-care system can cufeadeartbr failure to confront that reality no

51、w threatens this greatness of ours.death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even und conditions. we all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death problem to be solved. shieldedby third-party payersfrom the cost of our care, we demand eve

52、rything that can possibly be done for us, even if is useless. the most obvious example late-stage cancer care. physiciansyustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearine whener idealas ais gloss of hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically

53、llion.justified.edicalin 1950, the u.s. spent $12.7 billion on health care. in 2002, the cost will be $1,540 b anyone can see this trend is unsustainable?yet few seemwilling to try to reverseit. some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for mhave a duty

54、 to die and get out(care that sustains life beyond a certain a gesay 83 or so. former colorado governor richardlamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm way"，so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.ond,i would not go that far. energetic people now routinely wo

55、rk through their 60s and bey and remain dazzlingly productive. at 78, viacom chairman sumner redstone jokingly claims to be 53. supreme court justice sandra daconnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general c. everett koop chairs an internet start-up in his 80s.these leaders are living proof that p

56、revention 昆明理工大学2017年博士研究生招生考试试题works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. as a me 68-year-old, i wish to age as productively as they have.yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. ask a physician, i knowret themost costly and dramatic meas

57、ures may be ineffective and painful. i also know that people in japan and sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. as a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that c

58、ould improve peoives.31.what is implied in the first sentence?a.b.c.d.americans are better prepared for death than other people americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before americans are over-confident of their medical technology americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy32.the author uses the example of cancer patients to show thata. b. c. d.medical resources are often wasted some treatments are too aggressive doctors are helpless against fatal diseases medi