a-an和the用法精讲和练习

1、a, an, the的用法精讲及练习冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名 词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（the Definite Article ），另一种 是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。an, a是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示一”的意义，但不强调数目观 念。a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前，an用在以元音（指元素音素）开头的词前。the是定冠词，修饰特指名词 翻译成 这个”如果泛指某物，用a,/an, 具体指某物的话，用the.注意：（1）当我们使用an时

2、，条件有三：这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素 开头-即它的 音标的第一个音素是兀音，而不是说它是以兀音字母开头。它 必须是个可数名词。它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法：a uni versity 所大学an hour 一个小时an orange 只桔子an engin eer 一位工程师an ordinary man个普通人an hon est person 位诚实的人a boy, a city, a girl, a useful ani mal , an old man, an hon est boy,a bad apple, a tall elepha nt,a universit

3、y（虽然u是元音字母，但不读元音）,an hour 一个小时（虽然h不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful ani mal , an old man, an hon est boy,a bad apple, a tall elephant,a university（虽然 u 是元音字母，但不读元音 ）,anhour 一个小时（虽然h不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头）1 指某类人或事物中的任何一个。An elepha nt is bigger tha n a

4、horse.A car runs faster tha n a bike.（2）指人或事物，用来表示“一的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特 定者。指人或事物即不具体说明是 何人何物。例如：There are seve n days in a week.We have three meals a day.A teacher is look ing for you.We work five days a week.(3) 不定冠词含有“一的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里一般可以 不必译出，但若有 一个的勺意思则译出，例如：There ' s a tree on the h

5、ill.He has an in teresti ng book.An orange is good for you.桔子对你有好处。How much is it ?多少钱？Two yua n a kilo.兀 -公斤。(4) 一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：Bill is a stude nt.He is a doctor.(5) 用在某些固定词组中。例如：a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a littlea bithave a resthave a colda kind ofa piece ofhave a good time6. 首次提到的

6、人或物。一.不定冠词的用法：2 指人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物。There are seve n days in a week.We have three meals a day.4. 指某类人或事物中的任何一个。An elepha nt is bigger tha n a horse.A car runs faster tha n a bike.(2) 定冠词在句子中，既可以用于可数名词前，也可以用于不可数名词前；既 用在可数名词的单数形式前，也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲, 它既可表达this, that之意义，也可表达these, those之意义。.定冠词的用法(1)

7、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 例如：The book on the desk is mine.(2) 指双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Ope n the door, please.请开门。（3）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun the earth the moon the sky the world例如：The sun is bigger tha n the moor太 阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如:Look! A red sun is rising.瞧！ 一轮红日正在升起。（4）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：The first isla nd i

8、s the biggest of the three第 一个小岛是三个中最大的。（5）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群 岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。the Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the Chan gjia ng River 长江the Pacific Ocea n太平洋the Red Sea红海the Suez苏伊士运河the Un ited Natio ns 联合国the Great Wall长城the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院例如：They will visit the Great

9、 Wall n ext week.（6）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义, 所以其后动词应用复数形式。the rich有钱人the poor 穷人the sick 病人the old 老人the young 年轻人the bli nd 盲人例如：The old are sick.这些老人生病了。（7）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人或一家人中的两个，或两个以上的人 例如：The Smiths have moved to Lon do n.斯密斯一家去了伦敦。The Whites have no children怀特夫妇没有小孩。(8) 用在某些习惯用语，固定搭配

10、中 in the morni ng 在早上the day before yesterda y 前天 at the same time 同时 in the end最终in the ope n air在户夕卜tell the truth说真话例如：on the left在左边all the same 都一样 in the day 在白天by the way 顺便说一下 the same as.和。相同(9) 弹奏西方乐器前面要用定冠词，东方乐器则不用。如:Play the pia noplay Erhu(10) 用于逢十数词的复数前，指世纪中的年代。The war boke out in the

11、thirties.(11) 用于方向或者方位名词前。(12) He lives to the east of Los An geles.基本用法巧记： 特指双方都熟悉，上文已提示。 世上独无二，序数最高级 某些专有名，习语及乐器。三零冠词即不用冠词的情况：1 .专有名词和不可数名词：Chi na. Class One如特指可与冠词连用。2 .泛指的复数名词前:Books are my best friend.3. 在星期(on Monday)、月份(in March)、季节(in Summer)、节日(in Christmas) 刖。4. 一日三餐(have breakfast)球类(play

12、 basketball)、学科(maths)语言(in English) 名词前。5. 职务、头衔、称呼前：Doctoram not feeling well.6. 名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定冠词时。7. 在某些固定短语中。by bus by bikeon footgo to schoolin bedat homein classgo to collegeday and ni ghtfrom morni ng till night练习：选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)pen apple bananaoran geshourumbrella _用a/an填空： Is itChin es

13、e book orbagbig appleorangeorange pen houseuni versityEn glish book? This isring, and it is orange ring. Mary isEn glish teacher. Tom isChi nese teacher. This isbike. It ' s old bike. This istelepho ne nu mber. That isID card. I lost my keys. It ' s set of keys. It ' _sapple, notpear. Th

14、is is peach. That '_s_ orange. You havebanana, but I have_egg. Is thereumbrella on the desk? There iisla nd in the sea. There ipicture on the card. I have old book. apple is a kind of fruit. There iarmchair in the livi ng room. I ' d likeegg. Look, there isbird in the tree. Is theremap on th

15、e wall? There isbench in the park.选择正确的答案1. I am(a, an )stude nt.2. There is(a, an) elepha nt in the zoo.3. You are(a, an) good boy.4. I have(a, an) orange.5. Miss Grant is( a, an )ugly teacher.6. This is(a ,an)new book.7. Please take(a, an )umbrella.8. Close(a, an ,the)door, please.9. My father is(

16、a ,an) doctor.10. There is(a, an) orange on the table.11. He gives me(a, an )sticker.12. What is(a, an, the )biggest bird in the world?13. I haveorange .orange is very sour.( a, an ,the)14. My father is(a, an, the )ma n.15. (A ,An ,The )moon is in the sky.16. There ' s(a, an, the )apple on the t

17、able.17. (a, an, The) blackboard in our classroom is big.18. He likes to play(a, an, the )pia no.19. Mon day is(a, a, the )first day of the week.20. My favorite ani mal is(a, an ,the) cat.二、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词，不需要的地方填。1. This isegg. It ' ssmall egg.2. Jim hasbig head.3. Who isgirl in green?4. -Do you

18、haveknife?-Yes, I do. I only havesmall one.5. Lucy and Lily looksame.6. Jim is fromUSA. Mike is fromEn gla nd.7. boy over there is Jim ' sbrother.8. Is thatcat ortiger?It ' scat.9. We are inBeiji ng No.2 High School.10. They are insame class.1. There is “ h” in the word“ honest ”.A. a B. the

19、 C. / D. an2. Whatterrible life people in the small isla nd lived at that time!A. an B./ C. a D. the3. Father often says to me,“ Behonest boy today anduseful mantomorrow. ”A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a4. Q in gdao ismost beautiful city in summer.A. the B. / C. a D. one5. So you are runningrest

20、aura nt?Yes， but I don ' t want to make itrestaura nt only for rich people.A. the; / B. the; the C. a; the D. a; a6. Have you see npen? I left it here this morni ng.Is itblack one? I think I saw it some where.A. a; the B.the; the C. a; a D. the; a7. Oh, John. Whatyou gave us!A. a pleasa nt surpr

21、ise B. pleasa nt surpriseC. an pleasa nt surprise D. the pleasa nt surprise8. Joh n isuni versity stude nt.A. / B. any C. a D. an9. I ' d likeinformation about the management of your hqteplease.Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D.

22、 an; a10. If you don't like the red pctake the blue one.OK, but do you have _ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger1. doctor told him to takemedici ne three timesday2. There iswoman over there woman is Merimee ' s mother3. sun rises ineast

23、4. Chan gjia ng River isIon gest river inChi na5t's too hot. Opendoop please6.Wash ington iscapital ofUSA四、总结与作业1. 单项选择。1) He ofte n hasegg and some milk for breakfast.A. /B. aC. theD. an2) -What' s the trouble with Li ngli ng?-She doesn' t go toschool and stay inbed now.A. a; /B. the; theC. /; /D. /; a3