物理工学科3年次47

1、物理工学科年次 物性工学概論第回半導体色半導体光学的性質物理工学科量子機能工学分野佐藤勝昭第回学 金属色：金、銀、銅、鉄、白金 原色：加法混色減法混色/cie色度図 色認識仕組 自由電子運動 誘電率屈折率消光係数 負誘電率意味第回補足 光学定数意味 方程式白色光連続気体原子線吸収線発光線国立天文台 http:/centaurs.mtk.nao.ac.jp/avell/study/spectr/node9.html媒体中光電界伝搬 光：電磁波（電界e磁界h直交振動） e=2e0cos(t-x/c)=e0exp -i(t-x/c)+cc. 媒体中光速c=c/n：n屈折率 e=e0exp-i(t-n

2、x/c) 代表。 媒体中光電界減衰e=e0exp(-x/c) 媒体中電界1/e距離 x=c/光学定数(屈折率消光係数) e=e0exp(-x/c) exp-i(t-nx/c)=e0 exp-i(t-(n+i)x/c)=e0 exp-i(t-nx/c) n= n+i (複素屈折率) 屈折率n：媒体中光速表因子。光速真空中光速1/n。 消光係数：媒質中電磁波振幅減衰様子表。波動振動様子=n=k=5002.50.2eexp(-/c)方程式 rothd/t =r0e/t roteb/t =-0 h/t rot rote= -r0 0e2/t2左辺=( e)e- 2e=- 2e右辺 =-r/c2 e2/

3、t2 e2/x2+ e2/y2 + e2/z2 = r/c2 e2/t2 e=e0 exp-i(t-n/c)代入 - n2 2/c2e=-r 2/c2e(n2- r)e=0n2= r誘電率屈折率消光係数 n2=r誘電率物質定数、屈折率媒質光固有値 (n+i)=r+ir” (n2- 2)+i2n= r+ir” r= n2- 2 r”=2n 誘電率虚部：損失表項電子食品加熱原因：誘電率虚部半導体光学現象 半導体何 半導体物質 構造 半導体透過色、反射色 吸収：間遷移 結晶金属光沢原因？ 半導体何 半導体抵抗率範囲 (佐藤越田：応用電子物性工学図4.2)半導体電気抵抗温度変化 金属半導体電気抵抗温度

4、変化比較導電率、密度、移動度 導電率、密度n、移動度間 = ne 関係式成立。抵抗率導電率関係 =1/ 。移動度、単位電界ev/cm得平均速度vcm/s表、v=e 。例：1m膜表裏間1v電圧印加、e=104v/cm、=1000cm2/vsv= e =107cm/s。導電率数1016cm-3 = ne =10161.6 10-19 103=1.6s/cm: =0.625cm周期表半導体 iibiiibivvvibcnoalsipszngageassecdinsnsbtehgtlpbbipoiv族(si, ge)iii-v族(gaas, gan, inp, insb)ii-vi族(cds, cdt

5、e, zns, znse)i-vii族(cucl, cui)i-iii-vi2族(cuals2，cuinse2)ii-iv-v2族(cdgeas2, znsip2) 半導体構造 構造 閃亜鉛鉱()構造 黄銅鉱()構造 非晶質()構造金属半導体区別帯考方 自由電子近似 hartree-fock近似 電子波数k平面波扱e=(k)2/2m 放物線 孤立原子束縛電子近似 heitler-london近似 原子電子波動関数(s, p, d）次結合 電子間相互作用考慮半導体半金属金属半導体半金属金属半導体光吸収間接吸収端ge, si, gap直接吸収端 insb, inp, gaas直接遷移間接遷移実空間

6、見間接遷移k=(0,0,0)k=( 3 /2a)(1,1,1) =2x(2/ 3a)(1,1,1)半導体透過光色1.5evcdsgaphgsgaas3ev2.5ev2ev800nm800nm300nm300nmznseg=2eveg=2.2eveg=2.6eveg=3.5eveg=1.5ev白黄橙赤黒3.5ev4ev透過域半導体色 透過光色 低光全部通 eg3.3ev：無色透明 eg=2.6ev：黄色 eg=2.3ev：橙色 eg=2.0ev：赤色 eg1.7ev：不透明 反射光色hgs znse, znshttp:/www.ii- crystals of yellow cadmium sul

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