定语与五种句型关联学案

1、定语知识小结By Megan一、基础概念引入1. 定义：修饰或限定名词的词语叫定语。定语是用来说明的品质与特征的或。2. 位置：定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。3. 类型：前置定语通常由单个的形容词或名词担任；后置定语则由形容词或者相当于形容词的词组（如介词结构、形容词词组、非谓语动词词组） 和从句（定语从句）担任。4. 关联：由形容词到相当于形容词的词组到定语从句，它们之间有内在的关联，尤其是相当于形容词的词组与定语从句之间在一定条件下可以相互转 换。5. 能力：朗读时，一般在相当于形容词的词组或从句处有停顿，听时可帮助意群分节理解，以提高口

2、语与受听的节奏感；阅读时，要善于迅速分清 主干名词与定语部分，理解其修饰、限制或说明主干名词的作用；写 作时，按照定语的语法规则，妥善安排好其词序和语序，定语是丰富 和拓展内容的有效手段。二、具体知识讲解（一）作前置定语的有：例如：1: English book 英语书 room number房间号码2： my book我的书her pen她的钢笔 Our teacher我们的老师 Nick's house尼克 的房子3. ： expensive book贵的书 good book 好的书 happy girl快乐的女孩4: three books 三本书 Ten apples十个苹果

3、【小结】1、与汉语有区别的是，英语名词前面一般应有五种限定词（冠词、形 容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格）中的任一种修饰限定，缺 少一般就是错误（高考改错中经常出现）；2、试着翻译“学校教师”，下面哪个正确：school teachers, schods teachers, theteachers of this school如何区分？名词修饰名词更强调其“功能用途”，往往具 有“恒久性”特征，所有格则表示“暂时所有”属性。还应注意区分：chemistryless ons /chemical less ons, wood desk / woode n des 等。（该区分知识可从

4、剑桥 简明英语语法指南中求证查找）（二）作后置定语的有：A. 句子：（复合句专题再讲）B. 少量的单词作定语时会放在被修饰的名词或代词后，它们是：1. 英语中有些以为词首的形容词做定语时，均放在被修饰语后面。如：alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awak等例如：The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister.He is the greatest writer alive.2. 以后缀和结尾的形容词，有强烈的谓语色彩和被动意义时，也往往后置。例如： He is the only person reliable.A

5、re there any tickets available?That's the on ly star visible now.3. 形容词修饰由 any-,every-, some等跟-body, -one,-thing构成的 时，般放在其后。例如： I ' de something cheaper.There is someth ing stra nge in the sky.4. 在意义上表示时间、地点等的少量 ，做定语时一般放在名词之后。例如： The weather here is very ni ce.The buildi ng around are mostly

6、 of moder n con structi ons.C.五个常见短语：1、做后置定语例如： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.People in the world play basketball.The city of New York is very large.2、做后置定语例如：He looked at the street full of cars.Italian is a Language very difficult to learn.She has a garde n much larger th

7、a n yours.3、做后置定语例如： They built a highway leadi ng into the mountains. We met a group of pupils retur ning from school.【注意】现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词;现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的 .例如：The sleeping boy is TomThe boy sleep ing on the ground is Tom.4、做后置定语例如： What' the Ianguage spoken in that area?Is there anything pla

8、 nned for toni ght?5、做后置定语：I have a lot of work to do today.He had a big family to support.Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active.【注意】现在分词和过去分词的区别：时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，过去分 词表示已经完成；语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 第一组：1 The man(sta nd )over there now.2 The man(sta nd)over there the n.3

9、 The man(sta nd )over there yesterday.4 The man (stand ) over there very often.5 The man (stand )over there tomorrow.1 The man 2 The man 3 The man 4 The man 5 The man (stand )over there now is from America. (stand)over there then is from America.(stand )over there yesterday is from America . (stand

10、) over there very often is from America .(stand )over there tomorrow is from America .第二组：1, The building2, The building3, The building4, The building5, The building6, The building1, The building2, The building3, The building4, The building5, The building6, The building用分词改写句子1. Do you know the boy

11、who is reading in the room?2. The teacher had to correct the mistakes which were made by the students.3. The man who gave us the lecture was a famous scientist4. The road which is being built will be used next week.句子判断： 1、 The teacher reading the reports written by the students.2、 The teacher readi

12、ng the reports written by the students is Megan.三、在线连接高考1、前置定语的考查 ：2016 高考卷 I ：68、69On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_ (day) with his sister.2015 高考卷 I 63、65A few hours before, I had been a

13、t home in Hong Kong, with 63(it)chok ing smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.?darkwaters of the Li River_64which_are pictured by artists in so many Chin ese65(pa intin g).二调试卷 62、63、68After a long journey I reached Yunnan. With62(it) mi nority villages andimpressive Iandscapes

14、,Yunnan had a lot to offer. One of my 63(enjoy)mome nts in Yunnan was duri ng my visit to The Tiger Leap ing Gorge.looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most 68(relax) experie nces of my life.三调试卷66、改错the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their66(value) w

15、ood, orlearn how to use it better.改错： Bob is very sorry to have missed the first two less on this morni ng.2、后置定语的考察：2016全国卷I 66改错I was the first Wester n TV reporter66(permit) to film a special unit cari ngfor pan das rescued from starvati on in the wild.改令昔：Every day he makes sure the vegetables u

16、sing for cook ing are fresh.2015 全国卷 I 68、69、70A study of travelers68(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor namesYangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel compa ny in Hong Kong, says it69(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people70(live) in Shanghai and HongKong.三调试卷69The food69(prepare) in thisway kept its fresh flavor.?还有一些潜在的考察：写作中(三调范文例句)和阅读篇章中(长难句简化专题 再讲)。relax1. ) I am writ in