宾语从句用法

1、宾语从句用法 教学内容：宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词 :1、连词 that, 只起连接作用 ,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义 ,在口语中常被省略。e.g. He knew (that) he should work hard.2、连词if、whether,它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作”是否”解,在口语中多用if。e.g. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下 ,if 和 whether 可以互换 ,但以下

2、3 种情况只能用 whether: 在不定式前 :Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. 在介词后 :It depends on( 依靠 ) whether it is going to rain. 与 or not 连用 :They are talking about whether to go there or not.3、 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, 连接副词 when, where, why, how, 它们起连接 作用 ,作句子成分 ,各有自己的意义。e.g. The teac

3、her asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.【注意】 1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和"疑问词+不定式"结构转化。e.g. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ? I don't know how to do with the presents.2、要注意区分判断由if、 when 引导的从句类型 .二、宾语从句的语序 :宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即"连接词+

4、主语+谓语+其它成分 " 。特别强调 :它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序 ,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?( X)Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( V)The teacher asked the students what they were doing.( 思考 : what 在从句中的成分 ) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg. She said, "I will leave amessage on the desk.&qu

5、ot;She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。 Eg."Where are the tickets?" I asked him. ' I asked him where the tickets are.三、宾语从句的时态呼应 :宾语从句中谓语动词的时态 ,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约 ,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是 一般现在时或将来时 ,从句谓语的时态不受限制 ;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态 (一般过

6、去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。e.g. I thought (that) you are free today. ( X)I thought (that) you would be free today. (V)【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何 ,从句都用一般现在时。e.g. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 中考链接【2013 常州】9.-How soon will you start your journey?I ' m not sure. I haven

7、't de_c_i_d.ed _A when shall I ask the boss for leaveB where I will go to spend the holidayC whether I would go by train or by plane9. Hi, Jim. I hear that you A. how did you visit the city C. which hotel you stayed in Sanya 【2011 常州】D who could invite me to go 【2014 常州】ve just come back from Sa

8、nya. I' m c.alling to askB. how many days you' ve spend thereD. how you found the seafood there10In the UK, a woman usually doesn ' t like to be askedA. whether she had been marriedB. what is her ageC. how much she weighs D. where she comes from【 2013 扬州】 .-Could you tell me?-More than a

9、 year.A. how soon will Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport be builtB. how long has Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport been in serviceC. how soon Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport will be builtD. how long Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport has been in service 【2014 扬州】11. - Could you tell me ?- In August, 2014.A. where will the Youth Olymp

10、ic Games take placeB. when will the Youth Olympic Games take placeC. where the Youth Olympic Games will take placeD. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place四、宾语从句和状语从句的区分 :e.g. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.2) I don't know if the train has arrived.句 1中 if 引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示 "条件&

11、quot;,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果 明天天气好 ,我就出去。句 2 中 if 引导的是宾语从句 ,充当谓语动词 don't know 的宾语。整个 句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法 :1、 可以从整个句式看。 状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面 (个别除外 ),宾语从句 只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。 if 充当宾语从句的连接词时 ,相当于 whether, 词义为 "是否 ",充当状语 从句的连接词时，词义为"如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为”什么时候",充当状语从 句的连接词时，意为"当的

12、时候”。3、从时态看。 if 和 when 作连接词时 ，引导宾语从句要注意 :从句的谓语动词的时态应 根据主句的时态作相应的变化。 if 和 when 充当从属连词时 ，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。课堂练习()1. When H7N9 bird flu first appeared， people didn't knowdoctors could cure it.A. if B. thatC. whatD. why()2. - I wonder.- Shandong Province.A. when will Peng L

13、iyuan comeB. where Peng Liyuan is fromC. where Peng Liyuan came fromD. how Peng Liyuan will come( )3. I don't understand that everything's fine when it's not.A. how can he sayB. can he say howC. he can say how D. how he can say()4. - Do you know this afternoon?- I'm not sure, but I&#

14、39;ll tell you as soon as she.A. how will Betty arrive; startsB. how Betty will arrive; will startC. what time will Betty arrive; will start.D. what time Betty will arrive; starts( )5. Please tell me to improve my English.A. what I can do B. what can I do. C. how I can doD. how can I do()6. - Could

15、you tell me?- By searching the Internet.A. how did Mona get the informationB. why Mona got the informationC. how Mona got the informationD. why did Mona get the information()7. - Philip has gone to New Zealand.- Oh, can you tell me?A.when did he leaveB. when he is leavingC. when he left D. when is h

16、e leaving()8.- Bob, please tell me.- In South Hill School.A. where will the match be heldB. where the match will be heldC. when will the match be heldD. when the match will be held()9. - Would you please tell me?- Yes, There's a bank over there.A. when can I exchange moneyB. where can I exchange

17、 moneyC. when I can exchange moneyD. where I can exchange money()10. I don't remember the book yesterday.A. where I putB. where did I putC. where will I putD. where I will put()11. - Would you please tell me?- Bus No. 22 will take you there.A. who will we go with to Meilanfang TheatreB. what can

18、 we see in Qinghu WetlandParkC. when we will leave for the Wetland ParkD. how we can get to the Old Street()12. I wonder.A. what can I do on vacation B. where I can go on vacation C. who can I go on vacation with()13. - Could you please tell me?B when you will take your vacationD. if there are any g

19、ood restaurants around here- Yes. There is one on Centre Street. A. where can I buy some stamps C. when was the telephone invented( )14. - I wonder when be held.- If it , we'll have it next Monday.A. the sports meeting will; doesn't rainB. will the sports meeting; doesn't rainC. the spor

20、ts meeting will; will not rain()15. - Hey! Mike, guess for my coming vacation- To Hainan Island? You always like somewhere interesting.A. what I will takeB. where I'm goingC. when I will leaveD. who I'm going with( )16. - Could you tell me?- At the end of July.A. how often he heard from his pen palB. how soon he will be hereC. that