非谓语动词高考考点梳理

1、非谓语动词高考考点梳理通过对 2000-2006 高考题单项填空题统计分析， 118 题。通过梳理高考考点并结合教学实际，笔者总结为发现近7 年考查非谓语动词用法的题目10 个考点，涉及非谓语动词的语法功能、时态和语态及否定用法、非谓语动词的特殊用法三个方面。非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、 动词的 ing 形式和动词的ed 形式。它不受人称和数的限制，但有时态和语态的变化，主动被动之分。在选择时，要注意逻辑上的一致原则， 即：非谓语动词的主语和主句句子的主语是否一致。如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立结构。动词不定式的基本形式是“ to+ 动词原形”。他没有人称和数

2、的变化，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。动词的 ed 形式，可以在句中做表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词的 ing 形式，可以在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语。考点一、非谓语动词作定语1 动词的 ed 形式作定语【高考衔接】(06 山东卷 29) Five people won the“China s Green Figure” award, a title _ toordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being givenB. is givenC. giv

3、enD. was given解析：动词give 与所修饰词title 之间关系是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语，选小结： 动词的 ed 形式作定语时，通常与先行词之间是被动关系，表示已完成的动作。C。2 动词的 ing 形式作定语【高考衔接】(06湖南卷21)The wildflowerslookedlikea soft orange blanket_ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover解析： cover 与 a soft orange blanket 之间关系是主动进行关系，所以选A 。小结： 动词的 ing 形式作定语时，

4、通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系，表示正在进行的动作和存在的状态。3 动词不定式作定语【高考衔接】(06 四川卷 26) The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijingin 2008.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be held解析： to be held，不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的事情，做the 29th Olympic Games置定语。 Hold 与它修饰的词the 29th Olympic Games 是被动关系，选D。的后小结： 不定式做定语一般表示将要发生的动作。【解题指导】动

5、词的ed 形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是“被动、完成”的关系，动词的ing形式作定语表示和它所修饰的词之间关系是“主动、进行”关系。动词的 ing 形式做定语还表示用途和目的，如the reading room。动词不定式作定语表示将来要发生的动作， 但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。如：He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in theOlympic Games.考点二、非谓语动词作状语1 动词的 ed 形式作状语【高考衔接】(06

6、四川卷 33). _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task ontime.A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face解析 ：动词face 与主句的主语we 之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，但两者之间是被动关系所以选 A。2 动词的 ing 形式作状语【高考衔接】(06 全国卷 2)17. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things. A. t

7、hinking B. think C. to thinkD. thought解析： think与主句的主语之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，且两者之间是主动关系所以A 。动词的 ing 形式，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等状语。3、动词不定式作状语【高考衔接】(06 上海春 38). _ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allowthem to have a coffee break.A. ImprovingB. To improveC. Having improved解析：不定式做目的状语，表

8、示将来达到的目的，所以选B。D. Improved4非谓语动词做评注性状语（ 06 福建达标） - what happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night ?-I lost my way in complete darkness and , _ things worse , it began to pour.A. makingB. to makeC. having madeD.made解析：动词不定式“to make things worse ” 做评注性状语，不定式评注性状语修饰整个句子，选 B 。（06 海淀期中） The

9、 car burns more fuel , but _ all things into consideration , its still agood car.A. takenB.having takenC. takingD.to take解析：“ taking all things into consideration ”做评注性状语，动词ing 形式做评注性状语表示说话人的态度。【解题指导】非谓语动词作状语主要分析它与主句中主语之间的关系是主动还是被动，主动用动词形式，被动用动词ed 形式。表示将来的目的和状态时用动词不定式。可做评注性状语的有：不定式To tell the truth,

10、 to be honest 等；动词ingspeaking, judging from what he said , considering等。形式inggenerally考点三、非谓语动词作主语和表语【高考衔接】(05北京卷) It s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.the answers ready will be ofgreat help.A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having解析：“ Having the answers ready”做主语，选D。(06 浙江卷 ) It rem

11、ains _ whether Jim ll be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see解析：非谓语动词作表语表示将来和被动，选B。小结： 非谓语动词作主语和表语近几年来考查的较少，在此不再赘述。考点四、非谓语动词作宾语1 动词的 ing 形式做宾语和不定式做宾语【高考衔接】(06 北京卷 35). I can t stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses_ talking while she works.A. workin

12、g ; stoppingB. to work ; stoppingC. working ; to stopD.to work ; to stop解析： stand dong sth （忍受做某事）, refuse to do sth （拒绝做某时）,所以选 C。小结： 只能接动词的ing 形式作宾语动词及词组有admit , avoid ,appreciate , consider ,delay , dislike ,enjoy ,escape ,finish ,fancy ,feel like, give up , can thelp ,Mind , mean （意味着） , miss ,p

13、ostpone , practice , put off 等。 只能接不定式作动词有: afford, agree ,decide ,desire ,expect ,fail, hope ,manage ,promise , pretend ,plan , intend , refuse, wish等。2 动词的 ing 形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的比较【高考衔接】(06 湖南卷 )28.If you think that treating a woman well means always _ herpermission for things, think again.A. getsB.

14、gotC. to getD. getting（ 06 名校联考） Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_ trouble.A. making 解析： 答案：DB. to makeC.to have madeD.having made； B。 mean doing sth 意味着做某事，mean to do sth 打算做某事。小结： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop 等词后接不定式和动名词做宾语时，意思不

15、同。考点五、非谓语动词作宾补1 不定式作宾补【高考衔接】（ 04 北京） My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A for me takingB me takingC for me to takeD me to take小结：有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell 外，常见的还有：advise， allow ， causeconsider，encourage，forbid ，force，intend，order，permit ，persuade，remind ，request，require

16、urge ，warn ，ask ，wish ，want 等。特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。2分词做宾补【高考衔接】（ 04 天津） Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. (B)A runB runningC being runD to run(06 上海春， 39.)In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he wokesuddenly with a start.A. chasedB. to be chasedC

17、. be chasedD. having been chased（05 天津卷） You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_ often enough.(D)A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained解析： 考查动词ing 形式和动词考点六、动词ing 形式的时态语态ed 形式做宾补。答案B;C;D。【高考衔接】（ 05 湖北卷） _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has ma

18、ny plants andanimals not found in any other country in the world.A Being separated B Having separatedC Having been separated D.To be separated小结： 考查动词ing 形式的完成被动式，用“having+been+ 过去分词”表示，它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与主句主语关系为被动关系在句中表示时间和原因，选C。考点七、不定式的时态语态【高考衔接】(06 广东卷 30.) _this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175

19、g sugar and 175 g flour.A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making(06 陕西卷 18.) He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the ticketshad been sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told(06 山东卷 33).Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ sincethe flood hit the area last Fr

20、iday.A. have been missingB. have got lostC. be missingD. get lost小结： 答案： C； B ； A 。当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态，如果是被动关系则用被动语态。 不定式的一般式表示将要发生的动作或状态。 不定式的进行式表示不定式动作正在进行之中， 不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。3不定式的主动形式表被动意义【高考衔接】(06 安徽省 35) Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he

21、was not the oneA blamedB blamingC to blameD to be blamed（ 04 上海春季） I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _ ?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought解析： 答案： C；B。解析：以下情况不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 个别动词用“ be+不定式”表示将来和应该时：The house is to let.这房子要出租。I think Tom is to blame .2 不定

22、式放在形容词之后时：Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Thiskindofchicken is nice to eat.考点八、非谓语动词否定形式【高考衔接】（ 04 广东） _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completingB. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed解析：考查非谓语作状语的否定形式，选C 。（ 31）（04 上海春季） Victor apologized

23、for _ to inform me of the change in theplan.A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able解析：考查分词作宾语的否定形式，选C 。（ 34）（ 03 北京） The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. don t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make解析：考查分词作宾语补足语的否定形式，选D 。考点九、非谓语动词的独立结构独立主格结构逻辑主语逻辑谓

24、语。独立主格的名词或代词作为逻辑主语，非谓语动词做逻辑谓语构成。在选择非谓语动词时， 要注意逻辑上的一致原则， 即：非谓语动词的主语和句子的主语是否一致。 如不一致则需要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。 独立主格结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。1分词的独立结构【高考衔接】(上海 1986)，They will go and visit the Zoo.(上海1986)A.weather permittingB.Weather permittedC.Weather being permittedD.Weather having permitted解析： permit 有自己的逻

25、辑主语weather，与主句的主语They 不一致。逻辑主语weather与 逻辑谓语 permit 之间是主动关系。 相当于 If weather permits, they will go and visit the zoo.看另一例子： His homework finished , Jim went to bed to sleep. 逻辑主语 His homework与 逻辑谓语finish 之间是被动关系。2介词With引导的独立主格结构【高考衔接】(05 北京卷 ) I couldnA. going on t do my homeworkithwall that noise _.B

26、. goes onC. went onD. to go on解析：“ with all that noise going on ”构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。A“ with 名词宾补”的复合结构，是主动意义，故选A. going on.(02 上海春季 ) With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having ahard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled解析 ： With+ 名词或代词 +不定式，构成一个独立主格结构，

27、在句中作状语。用settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。小结： 与非谓语动词有关的With 结构有三种：With+ 名词或代词 +现在分词； With+ 名词或代词 +过去分词； With+ 名词或代词 +不定式。例如： With you siting here, I can tdo my homework. With the problem settled , we all felt happy. With the teac

28、her to help me ,we will complete the task soon.考点十、“疑问词 +不定式”结构（ 02 全国） . It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. it what to do with what to do it with what to do with it to do what with it（ 02 全国）The mother didn't know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happen

29、ed whileshe was out. who when how What小结：答案：；A 。“疑问词 +不定式 ”结构 ,在句中起名词性作用可充当主语、宾语和表语。跟踪练习 ：1 (06 上海春 36). There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the ArtGallery to have a look at Van Gogh s paintings.A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. wait2 (06 北京卷 ) 28. There have been several new events _ to the program for the2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added3 (06 湖北卷 34). Don't sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table.A.doB. to doC. doingD. and doing4（ 05 辽宁卷） Allthese gifts must be mailed immediately_ in time for Christmas.A in order to have r