Unit1GreatScientists_精品文档

1、unit 1 great scientistsunit1greatscientists语言要点单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析.character/characteristic2.examine/check/test3.cure/treat4.blame/scold5.reject/refuse词形变化.scientificadj.科学的sciencen.科学scientistn.科学家2.valuableadj.有价值的valuen.价值valuev.估价,评价3.instructv.教导，命令instructionn.指示，用法说明instructiveadj.

2、有益的，教育性的4.enthusiasticadj.热心的，热情的enthusiasmn.狂热，热心enthusiastn.热心家，狂热者重点单词.concludev.断定，得出结论;结束（正式）；2.attendv.vt.出席,参加,照顾,护理,注意vi.专心,留意3.exposevt.使暴露,受到,使曝光v揭露4.absorbvt.吸收;使贯注;吞并5.blamen过失,责备vt.责备,谴责6.instructvt.教,教导,命令,指示,通知7.contributevi&vt捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿重点词组putforward提出：提议以供考虑inaddition/apart

3、from除之外;另外makesense有意义重点句子.somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.2.onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.3.heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit.重点语法过去分词做表语和定语i.词语辨析).character/characteristicn.【解释】character

4、性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic特点，特征（区别于其他事物）【练习】选择character或characteristic并用其适当的形式填空）heprovedhimselftruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis_wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.2）peoplelivinginthecityaredifferentfromthoseinthecountrysidein_.3）whatarethe_thatdistinguishthechinesefromthejapanese?4）ch

5、inese_attractagreatnumberofforeignersallovertheworld.5）themainpurposeofaplayistoletthe_speakforthemselvesasmuchaspossible.keys:1)character2)character3)characteristics4)character5)character2).examine/check/test检查【解释】examine仔细察看或观察（以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病）check检查（含有“校对”或“找错”的意思）test检查，检测（以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的

6、标准）【练习】选择check,examine或test，并用其适当的形式填空）iwasbeing_foradrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.2）thedoctor_himcarefully.3）theintervieweralways_herfactsbeforesendingthemtotheeditor.keys:1)tested2)examined3)checks3)cure/treat治疗，【解释】cure表示治愈的结果treat表示治疗的过程【练习】选择cure或treat并用其适当的形式填空)afterbeing_forsuchalongtime,thew

7、ound_atlast.keys:1)treated;cured4)blame/scold责备【解释】blame责备；谴责；归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚：scold斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈【练习】）don't_itonhim,butonme.2）theparents_thenaughtyboyandaskedhimtoleavethehomeatonce.keys:1)blame2)scolded5)reject/refuse拒绝【解释】reject后接名词，（含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾）refuse后接名词，动名词，可表“

8、谢绝”【练习】选择refuse或reject并用其适当的形式填空）thechristianchurch_histheory,sayingitwasagainstgodsidea.2）icantstandworkingwithjaneinthesameoffice.shejust_tostoptalkingwhilesheworks.keys:1)rejected2)refusesii.词形变化sciencen，科学scientificadj.科学的scientistn.科学家announcev宣布announcementn.宣布announcern，广播员，告知者instructv.指导，命令

9、instructionn.指导，指示instructiveadj.有益的，教育性的enthusiasticadj.热心的，热情的enthusiasmn.狂热，热心enthusiastn.热心家，狂热者valuableadj.有价值的valuen.价值valuev.估价,评价【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空)the_tookavery_approachto_.2)the_makea_thatallthedetailsshould_throughthebroadcast.3)itis_andeasyforthechildrentoreadsomemasterpieceswith

10、the_atthebottomofeachpage.4)“youdontseemvery_abouttheidea.”“idontmind,”shesaid,withoutmuch_.5)thereisnoanycriterionto_whetheritis_information.keys:1)scientist;scientific;science2)announcer;announcement;beannounced3)instructive;instructions4)enthusiastic;enthusiasm5)value;valuable重点词汇.concludevi.终结；结

11、束;推断；决定典例）themeetingconcludedatteno'clock.会议于十点钟结束。2）itishardtoconclude.这很难断定。重点用法conclusionn.结束,结论makedrawreachcometoarriveataconclusion下结论，得出结论；bringsth.toaconclusion使结束；inconclusion作为结论，最后；练习汉译英）我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。_2）我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。_keys:1)weconcludedthattheblueteamcouldnotreachthedestin

12、ationontime.2)weconcludedthathedidnttellusthetruth.thatis,hewaslying.2.attendv.)注意；留意；处理=dowith2)出席；到场：3)照看；照料：=takecare;lookafter典例）we'llattendtotheproblemlater稍后我们将关注那个问题。2）whichdoctorisattendingyou?哪一个医生为你看病?重点用法attendancen出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料attendschool上学attendalecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议attendaweddi

13、ng/ceremony出席婚礼/参加典礼练习汉译英）他们在我们不在时管理事务。_2)他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。_keys:1)theyattendedouraffairsduringourabsence.2)heisfamousinthisfield,andtensofthousandsoffanswillattendhislecturethisevening.3.exposevt.)使暴露,显露2)曝光3)揭露重点用法exposuren暴露，暴晒；曝光beexposedto.置身于;暴露于典例）arealartistcanalwaysexposehisstud

14、entstogoodartandmusic称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐2）thisfilmhasbeenexposed.这片子已经感光。3）heexposedtheplantothenewspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。4）exposuretothecoldwindleftmylipsfeelingdry我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。5）asajournalistinthewar,shewasexposedtomanydangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.练习用expose的恰当形式填空。）thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood，_b

15、arerock2）thebabywasleft_thewindandrain3）the_oftheplotagainstthepresidentprobablysavedhislifekeys:1)exposing2)exposedto3)exposure4.absorb)吸收2)使贯注3)占用重点用法beabsorbedin全神贯注于;热衷于;absorbonesattention吸引某人注意力典例）theequipmentcanabsorbmoisturefromtheair这一设备能从空中吸收水分2）heisabsorbedinstudy.他专心读书。3）thisjobabsorbsal

16、lofmytime.这件工作占用了我的全部时间。练习汉译英）颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。_2）这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。_keys:1)thingsincolourcanoftenabsorbchildrensattentioneasily.2)thenewshoesarespeciallydesignedtoabsorbtheenergy.5.blamevt责备；谴责；归咎于；n责怪；责任典例)thecarelessdriveristoblameforthetrafficaccidenthappeningyesterday那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。2)

17、whoistoblameforthefailure?谁该为这次的失败负责?3)thestudentblamedtheteacherforhisfailure学生因失败而怪老师。重点用法blamesbforsth因某事而指责某人blamesthonsb因某事而指责某人sbbetoblameforsth因某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:betoblame应负责。练习汉译英）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了._2）这件事谁也不能怨._3）他指责你玩忽职守._keys:1)itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.2)nobodyistoblameforit.3)heblamesyouf

18、orneglectofduty.6.instructvt教导;指示典例）missliuinstructedaclassinmathlastyear.刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.2）thevolunteersoftengotoanorphanhometoinstructorphans.inenglish这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.3）hewasinstructedwhentostartthroughtheemail.他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知4）hewasinstructedtosailfornewyork.他奉命前往纽约。重点用法instructsb.教,教导,传授技能inst

19、ructsb.todo;instructwh-命令,指示,instructthat-clause通知练习汉译英）老职工对青年职工言传身教._2）同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里._keys:1)theoldworkersinstructtheyoungworkersnotonlyinwords,butbydeeds.2)thechildrenwerealsoinstructednottoleavetheclassroomafterclass.7.contributevi&vt捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿典例）hecontributedtothechurch他向教会捐款。2）heofte

20、ncontributestothisnewspaper他经常向这家报社投稿。3）cigarettesmokingisamajorfactorcontributingtocancer吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。重点用法contribution.n.捐献，贡献；投稿contributeto向捐献contributeto促成，起作用，有助于makeacontributiontotowards向捐赠；对作出贡献注意:以上短语中to为介词；练习用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。)everyoneisencouragedto_thediscussion.2)herworkhas_ourunders

21、tandingofthisdifficultsubject.3)shehas_poemstoliterarymagazineskeys:)contributeto2)contributedto3)contributed重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）putforward提出；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名典例）heputforwardanewplanyesterday他昨天提出一个新计划。2）mayiputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?我能否提名你当委员会主席?短语归纳puton穿上；增加putonperformances演出

22、putanendto结束；终止putoff推迟；延期；putone'sheartinto全神贯注于putdown写下putout生产；扑灭putback放回；送回putup举起；张贴练习用put构成的短语填空:)youcantakeanythingfromtheshelf，butplease_thebookswhenyou'vefinishedwiththem2)heoften_someusefuladvice.keys:1)putback2)putsforward2apartfrom除之外;另外典例）apartfromafewfaults，heisaperfectteache

23、r除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。2）apartfromthecost，thedressdoesn'tsuitme姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。短语归纳inadditionto除之外besides除之外except除之外除之外exceptthat除了除之外练习选择以上短语填空。)asaseniorstudent,westudyothersubjects_english.2)yourarticleiswellwritten_somespellingmistakes.keys:1)besides/inadditionto/apartfrom2)exceptfor3.makese

24、nse讲得通；有意义典例whathesaysmakessense他说的有道理。canyoumakesenseofthispoem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗?whatyousayistrueinasense你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。短语归纳makenosense讲不通；无意义makesenseof了解,明白inasense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上练习汉译英）老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。_2）从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。_keys:1)theteachertriedmanytimes,butthelongsentencestillcouldnotmakesense.2)the

25、filmisfullofmeaninginasense.v重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）.somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去解释everytime可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，themoment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”典例）everytimeimeethim，ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus每次见到他，我就

26、想起发生在我们之间的事情。2）immediatelyhesawthemessage,heknewhemisunderstoodhisbestfriend.一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。练习汉译英）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书_）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。_）我一见到他就把这封信给他。_）我一接到你的信就来了。_keys:1)everytimeiwenttoseehim,hewasabsorbedinreading.2)igavethebooktoherthemomentisawher3)iwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyiseehim4)icam

27、edirectlyigottheletter2.onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚解释only引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装练习汉译英)只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题_)就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵_keys:1)onlyinthisway,canyoudealwiththeproblemeasily.2)onlywhenyoulostit,willyouunderstandhowvaluable

28、thetimeis.3.heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转解释with+宾语+v.ing/v.ed/todo/adj./adv./prep.phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等典例）withtheoldmanleadingtheway,westartedtowardstheforest.在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。2）sheranandranwithbeadsofsweatrunnin

29、gdownherface.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。练习汉译英）老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友_2）随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了_keys:1)withagroupofchildrenfollowing,theteachercameintotheclassroomwithsmile.2)withthetestfinished,webeganourholiday.课文要点（模块）课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：inthetimesofqueenvictoria,so-called"kin

30、gcholera"hitlondoners,whichoften（导致）largenumbersof2.thankstojohnsnow,athenwellknown3,thisdeadlydiseasefinallygotcontrolled.johnsnowthought4mostimportantwastofindits5.sohebegantogathertheinformation,forwhichhemadeamap,onwhichhemarked6the7（受害者）hadlived.asaresult,hefoundoutthatthe8waterwasthecause

31、ofcholeraandsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9（检查）immediately.finally"kingcholera"0.答案：1.resultedin2.deaths3.doctor4.the5.cause6.where7.victims8.polluted9.beexamined0.wasdefeated课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是19世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。在

32、斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。themainideaofthispassageisthat_答案：themainideaofthispassageisthatjohnsnowfoundoutthecauseofthediseasecalledcholerawhichwasadeadlydiseaseinlondoninthe19thcentury.withsnow'sgreatefforts,thediseasewasfinallyundercontrol.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）【原句】johnsnowwasawell-knowndoctorinland

33、onsofamous,indeed,thatheattendedqueenvictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.模仿要点两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。【模仿1】.张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。_答案：mr.zhangisawarm-heartedteacherinourschoolsokind,ithink/ibelieve/isuppose/idaresay,thatheissuretohelphisstudentswhentheyareill.【模仿2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤

34、奋我想晚上不到11点他不会上床睡觉的。_答案：lipingisahard-workingboyinmyclasssodiligent,isuppose,thathenevergoestobeduntil11atnight.2【原句】althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.模仿要点冒号加that从句【模仿1】虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。_

35、答案：thoughshedidntbelievewhatotherpeoplesaid,theevidencesthatshecollectedledtotheconclusion:thatherboyfriendcheatedher.【模仿2】尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获_答案：thoughhewasveryclever，hedidntworkhardandallhisfailurethistermledtotheconclusion:thatnopainsnogains.3【原句】heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthes

36、olarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.模仿要点句子结构：with的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。【模仿1】当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。在花坛的两边是两个高大的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。_答案：whenyouentertheschool,youcanseeinfrontofyouabigflowerbedwithvariouskindsofflowersandgrassgrowinginitandwithtwolargebuildingsstandingon

37、bothsidesthelibraryonyourrightandtheteachingbuildingonyourleft.【模仿2】井底之蛙，永远看不到天空的广阔，“好男儿志在四方”，让我们踏歌而行，看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路。（with结构作状语）_thefrogatthebottomofthewellisalwaysblindtotheextensionofthesky.“ambitiousmenaimsfar.”let'sgetstarted,withthetalllighthouseguidingourlongvoyage,andwiththevoiceofsinging

38、accompanying.单元自测（模块）.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：212完成时间：15分钟难度：*langlangwenttoapianoschoolinbeijingwhenhewasjusteight.“youneed,”hisfathersaid.“butifyoudontworkhard,nofortunewillcome.”whatmadehimsadwasthathispianoteacherinbeijingdidntlikehim.asanine-year-oldboylangl

39、angwasbadly2.hedecidedthathedidntwanttobea3anymore.forthenexttwoweekshedidnttouchthepiano.4,hisfatherdidntpush,butwaited.luckily,thedaycamewhenhisteacheraskedhimtoplaysomeholidaysongs.hedidntwantto,butasheplacedhisfingersonthepianokey,he5thathecouldshowothersthathehadtalentafterall.inthe1994internat

40、ionalyoungpianistscompetition,whenitwas6thatlanglanghadwon,hewastoo7toholdbackhistears.soonitwasclearthathecouldntstayinchinaforeverhehadtoplayontheworldsbig8.in1997langlang9again,thistimetophiladelphia,u.s.therehespenttwoyearspracticing.afterhis0performanceatchicagosraviniafestival,gigsinlincolncen

41、terandcarnegiehallstartedpouringin.langlangfinallyworkedtoreachtheplacewherefortunespotshim,andletshimshine.a.exerciseb.fortunec.knowledged.wealth2.a.hurtb.weakenedc.ruinedd.frightened3.a.singerb.pianistc.conductord.player4.a.hopefullyb.patientlyc.wiselyd.painfully5.a.seemedb.admittedc.noticedd.real

42、ized6.a.toldb.mentionedc.announcedd.recognized7.a.excitedb.encouragedc.shockedd.satisfied8.a.conceitsb.tourspetitionsd.stages9.a.started.leftc.movedd.performed0.a.successfulb.cheerfulc.respectfuld.meaningful答案：本文主要讲述了一位钢琴家成功之路的感人故事。.b下文说“如果你不努力，幸运就不会到来”，因此上文是“你需要幸运”。2.a上文老师的话伤了朗朗，hurt表示伤了感情或身体，weake

43、n意为减弱，ruin意为毁坏，frighten吓倒，都不符合语境。23.b受到伤害的直接做法就是不再想做钢琴家了。4.c朗朗两个星期没练琴，而爸爸没有督促，只是等。下文中讲到了爸爸终于等到了要听的话，所以爸爸的做法是明智的。5.d老师的话伤害了他，使他不再练琴，但当他的手再放在琴键上时，他就意识到他有能力向别人展示他最终还是有天赋的。26.c当宣布朗朗获胜时，他太激动忍不住流出泪水。27.a见第26题解析。28.d他不能永远呆在中国，他要到世界的大舞台上演奏。29.c997年，朗朗又搬家了，这次是去了美国。30.a由下文的lincolncenter和carnegiehall特邀演出接踵而至，说

44、明他的演出很成功。2.语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：178完成时间：9分钟难度：*inthepast,therelivedafoolishmaninasmallkingdomcalledzheng.onedayhewantedtobuy31apairofnewshoes.hemeasuredhisfeetwitharulerfirstandwrotedownhissize.32hewasinsuchahurrytosetout33heleftitathome.whenhearrivedat34shoeshop,hefeltinthepocketonly35thatitwasnotthere.sohesaidapo