中考英语一轮复习——现在完成时讲解及练习

1、现在完成时讲解与练习如果你想说 我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了 ”、某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下 面的句子：(1) I have seen the film. I don ' t want to see it again.这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。(2) Have you answered all the questions?所有的问题你都回答了吗？(3) Have you ever looked at a travel brochure?你看过旅游宣传册吗？(4) She has never visited the USA.她从没有过去美国。观察：以上

2、句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是 ,用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为现在完成时一、现在完成时的概念。现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。She has bought a car 她买了一辆车。She has arrived.她到了。 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。We've known each other since we were children.(我们从小就认识。 )I have been a member of the Party f

3、or 10 years.二、构成："助动词have, has +过去分词”现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式(以 work为例)：人称肯定否定疑问回答第一人称I have seen the UFO.We have travelled around the world.I haven' t seen the UFO.We haven' ttravelled around the world.Have you seen the UFO?Have you travelled around the world?Yes, I have./ No, I haven '

4、; t.Yes, we have./No, we haven ' t第二人称You have been toEngland.You haven' been toEngland.Have you been toEngland?Yes, I/we have.No, I /wehaven' t.第三He/She has been toHe/ She hasn ' t beento Has he/ she been toYes, he/she has.人称Beijing.Beijing.Beijing?No,he/shehasn' t.They have giv

5、enThey haven ' t givenHave they givenconcerts all over theconcerts all over theconcerts all over theYes, they have.world.world.world?No, they haven ' t注：规则动词的过去分词的构成与过去是相同，不规则动词的过去分词见附表。练.把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。1. I have done my homework.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：2. The plane has arrived.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：三、现

6、在完成时用法归纳1 .现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。（此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词）如： The plane has arrived.常用的时间状语和副词：already （已经） 用于肯定句中， 通常放在 have/ has 与过去分词之可如： I have already done my homework.yet （还，仍然，已经）用于否定句和疑问句的句末。如： Has she finished cooking yet?他做完饭了 吗？练：I have already done my homework.（变为否定句 ） ever （曾经），句中，多用于疑问句

7、如： Have you ever been to Shanghai?never （从不），本身否定before （以前），句尾，独立用just （刚刚），用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。如：I have just heard the news.我刚刚听到消息。2 .现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：a. for + 一段时间：for two hoursb. since + 时间点： since 1999, since last yearc. since + 一段时间 + ago =for + 一段

8、时间since two days ago=d. up to now, till now, , so far（到目前为止）e. in the past two years, in the last few daysf. recently, lately（最近）如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.注:其中在a,b,c,d这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续

9、性动词。如：I have had thispook for one andhglf years.（这本书我已买了一年半了 ！能用 buy1.two years3.last month5.yesterday7 4 hours9. we were children用since和for填空2.two years ago4.19996.4 o ' clock8.an hour ago10. lunch time 11. she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.13. I ' ve known himwe

10、 were children.814. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.15. She has been away from the city about ten years.4.短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。只表示一时的动作，不能与表示延续的时英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词,间状语连用 。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow,close, o

11、pen, lend 等。eg. I have bought this book for three months. ( )x非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。leave- be away fromjoin- be inbuy- havedie- be deadborrow- keepclose- be closedbegin/start- be on (电影开始)go- be therefinish- be overopen- be opencome back- be backjoin - be in(2)时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“fo

12、r 变为 数，+时间名词+ago”的短语形式。(即：将时间状语改为 过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时) 如： 他离开济南三年了。He has left Ji ' nan for three years)(He has been away from Ji ' nan for three years.He left Ji ' nan three years ago.例如：1) They borrowed it last week. They it since.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I a pen for.5 . have b

13、een to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区另1J(1) have been to曾经去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。(2) has gone to去某地了，现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。(3) have been in表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。句末常有for + 一段时间 或since +时间点翻译：你以前去过北京吗？ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。格林一家在 中国 已经两年了。 6 .现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：(1)侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于

14、过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如:Yesterday I went to the zoo.(仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)Li Lei has read the book.(说明李磊了解那本书的内容)(2)连用的时间状语不同： 一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last , in 2000, just now用。而现在完成时与 already, yet, stil l, just, so far, in the last/ past，before, ever, never,时inCe语连用。，for 注 现在完成时不

15、可与yesterday, last week, two days ago 等过去时间状语连用。现在完成时练习【基础巩固】一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher' s office.5. I(work) here since

16、 I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I just(finish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your science book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The students(read) English w

17、hen the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to see me next Sunday.15. I've lost my pen.you(see) it anywhere?二、句型转换1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)I been to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill.(就划线部分提问) he come to school?3.

18、He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问) learned English?4. I bought a new bike just now.(用 just 改写)I just a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 )WeEnglishthree years.【能力提升】I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1 Have you ever(take) a train?2 She' s(live) here ever since she was ten.3 Have

19、 you(make)friends with your new classmates yet?4 I(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda,he?6 We(be) good friends since we met at school.7 We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps(也许)he(go) home.8 He(read) the book before.9 Mr. Green(teach) us a lot about social studi

20、es since September.10 I never(meet) her sister before.11 .用for或since填空。1. Jill has been inBeijing Monday.2. Jill has been in Beijing three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. Th

21、e bus is late. We've been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.III.用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1. he (wait) for an hour yet?2. I (not finish ) the work yet .3. you (know) him since then ?4. I (hear) from my father recently .5. We (be) there many times during the

22、past three years.6. How long you (stay) at home?7. She (not read) the book before .8. I just (do) it.9. My sister (walk) to school every day last year.10. Her mother (go) to Shanghai. She (leave) this morning.11. 选择填空)1、Where is Miss Gao? She to Shanghai .A . came B . has been C .has gone D . Comes)

23、2.John to the space museum three.A.have been, time B. have been, timesC. has been , time D. has been, times)3、Have you met Mr Li ?A . Just B . ago C .before D . a moment ago)4、Her grandfather for two years.A. diedB. has died C. has been dead D. has been died)5、It's six weeks I met you last time.

24、A. when B. since C. before D. for)6、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B . will ; studyC . has ; studiedD . are ; studying)7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A . knowB . had known C . have known D. knew)8、Harry Potter is a very nice film . I it twice .A. will see B . have seen C. sawD .see)9、-Th