毕业论文（设计）外文翻译--数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策

1、中原工学院信羸商努学阴毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题 目：数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策系部名称：机械丄程系 专业班级:学生姓名：学 号：指导教师：教师职称：2011年03月10日英文翻译数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策摘要：简要介绍了当今世界数控技术及装备发展的趋势及我国数控装备技术发展和产业 化的现状，在此基础上讨论了在我国加入wto和对外开放进步深化的新环境下，发展 我国数控技术及装备、捉高我国制造业信息化水平和国际竞争能力的重耍性，并从战略 和策略两个层面提出了发展我国数控技术及装备的几点看法。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技 术为代表的新技术对传统制造

2、产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓 的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：（1）机械制造技术；（2）信息处理、加工、传 输技术；自动控制技术；伺服驱动技术；传感器技术；软件技术等。1数控技术的发展趋势1. 1高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术叫极人地提高效率，提高产 品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列 为5大现代制造技术z-,国际生产工程学会（c1rp）将其确定为21世纪的屮心研究方 向之一。在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备 必须解决的重点问题z

3、-；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋， 刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些 筋、壁进行加工。近來采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法來制造机翼、机身等大 型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的钏钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚 度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提岀了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从em02001展会情况来看，高速加工屮心进给速度可达80m/min,甚至更高，空运行 速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包描我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经 采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。美国cincinn

4、ati公司的 hypermach机床进给速度最人达60m/min,快速为1 oom/min,加速度达2g,主轴转速已 达60 ooor/mino加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用30min,而同样的零件在一般高速铳床加工需3h,在普通铳床加工需8h；徳国dmg公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达12*!000r/mm 和 lg。在加工精度方而，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10 u m捉高到5 u m, 精密级加工中心则从35 um,提高到11.5um,并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米 级(0. 01 u m) o在可靠性方而，国外数控装置的mtbf值已达6 000h以上，伺服系统的mtb

5、f值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线屯机得到了快速的发展, 应用领域进一步扩大。1. 2 5轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度 高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动 机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铳刀进行高速铳削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工 口j比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因, 其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了 5轴联动机床 的发展。在

6、em02001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直 平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可 实现倾斜而和倒锥孔的加工。德国dmg公司展出dmuvoution系列加工小心，可在一次装 夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，町由cnc系统控制或cad/cam直接或间接控制。1.3智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统屮的 各个方而：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺 参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、

7、电机参数的自 适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化, 如智能化的动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方 便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化主产存在的问题。目前许多 国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的ngc、欧共体的osaca、口本的osec,中国的 onc等。数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系 统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，而向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁 结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控 制系

8、统屮，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌 产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系 统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当而研究的核心。2对我国数控技术及其产业发展的基本估计我国数控技术起步于1958年，近50年的发展历程大致可分为3个阶段：第一阶段 从1958年到1979年，即封闭式发展阶段。在此阶段，由于国外的技术封锁和我国的基 础条件的限制，数控技术的发展较为缓慢。第二阶段是在国家的“六五”、“七五”期间 以及“八五”的前期，即引进技术，消化吸收，初步建立起国产化体系阶段。在此阶段, 由于改革开放和国家的重视，以及研

9、究开发环境和国际环境的改善，我国数控技术的研 究、开发以及在产品的国产化方面都取得了长足的进步。第三阶段是在国家的“八五” 的后期和“九五”期间，即实施产业化的研究，进入市场竞争阶段。在此阶段，我国国 产数控装备的产业化取得了实质性进步。在“九五”末期，国产数控机床的国内市场占 有率达50%,配国产数控系统（普及型）也达到了 10%。纵观我国数控技术近50年的发展历程，特别是经过4个5年计划的攻关，总体来看 取得了以下成绩。a.奠定了数控技术发展的基础，基本掌握了现代数控技术。我国现在已基本掌握了 从数控系统、伺服驱动、数控主机、专机及其配套件的基础技术，其中大部分技术已具 备进行商品化开发的

10、基础，部分技术已商品化、产业化。b初步形成了数控产业基地。在攻关成果和部分技术商品化的基础上，建立了诸如 华屮数控、航天数控等具有批量生产能力的数控系统生产厂。兰州电机厂、华中数控等 一批伺服系统和伺服电机生产厂以及北京第一机床厂、济南第一机床厂等若干数控主机 生产厂。这些生产厂基本形成了我国的数控产业基地。从国际上來看，对我国数控技术水平和产业化水平估计大致如下。乩技术水平上，与国外先进水平大约落后1015年，在高精尖技术方面则更大。b.产业化水平上，市场占有率低，品种覆盖率小，还没有形成规模生产；功能部件 专业化生产水平及成套能力较低；外观质量相对差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；国 产数控

11、系统尚未建立自己的品牌效应，用户信心不足。c可持续发展的能力上，对竞争前数控技术的研究开发、工程化能力较弱；数控技 术应用领域拓展力度不强；相关标准规范的研究、制定滞后。分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下几个方而。比体系方面。从技术的角度关注数控产业化问题的时候多，从系统的、产业链的角 度综合考虑数控产业化问题的时候少；没冇建立完整的高质量的配套体系、完善的培训、 服务网络等支撑体系。b机制方面。不良机制造成人才流失，又制约了技术及技术路线创新、产品创新， h制约了规划的有效实施，往往规划理想，实施困难。c技术方面。企业在技术方面口主创新能力不强，核心技术的工程化能力不强。机 床标准落后，水平较

12、低，数控系统新标准研究不够。3对我国数控技术和产业化发展的战略思考3. 1战略考虑我国是制造大国，在世界产业传移屮要尽量接受前端而不是后端的转移，即要掌握 先进制造核心技术，否则在新一轮国际产业结构调整中，我国制造业将进一步“空芯”。 我们以资源、环境、市场为代价，交换得到的可能仅仅是世界新经济格局屮的国际“加 工屮心”和“组装小心”，而非掌握核心技术的制造小心的地位，这样将会严重影响我国 现代制造业的发展进程。我们应站在国家安全战略的高度來重视数控技术和产业问题，首先从社会安全看， 因为制造业是我国就业人口最多的行业，制造业发展不仅可提高人民的生活水平，而且 述可缓解我国就业的压力，保障社会

13、的稳定；其次从国防安全看，四方发达国家把高精 尖数控产品都列为国家的战略物质，对我国实现禁运和限制，“东芝事件”和“考克斯报 告”就是最好的例证。3. 2发展策略从我国基本国情的角度岀发，以国家的战略需求和国民经济的市场需求为导向，以提 高我国制造装备业综合竞争能力和产业化水平为fi标，用系统的方法，选择能够主导21 世纪初期我国制造装备业发展升级的关键技术以及支持产业化发展的支撑技术、配套技 术作为研究开发的内容，实现制造装备业的跨跃式发展。在高精尖装备研发方面，要强调产、学、研以及最终用户的紧密结合，以“做得 出、用得上、卖得掉”为口标，按国家意志实施攻关，以解决国家之急需。在竞争前数控技

14、术方而，强调创新，强调研究开发具冇自主知识产权的技术和产品, 为我国数控产业、装备制造业乃至整个制造业的可持续发展奠定基础。本文摘译自：科技信息,science & technology information, 2010 年 18 期cnki:sun:kjxx 0. 2010-18-369英文原文numerical control technology and equipment trends and countermeasuresabstract： this paper describes the numerical control technology and equipment

15、 in today's world trends and the development of numerical control equipment and technology and industrialization of the status quo, on this basis, china joined the wto are discussed in further deepening and opening up a new environment, the development of numerical control technology and equipme

16、nt and increase the level of manufocturing information and the importance of international competitiveness, and two levels of strategy and tactics from the proposed development of numerical control technology and equipment opinionscnc technology is a mechanical movement with digital information and

17、work process control technology, numerical control equipment is cnc technology represented by the new technologies on traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing mechatronic products, the so-called digital equipment , covering many areas of the tech

18、nology: (1) mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology.1 cnc technology trends1>1 high-speed, high precision technology and eq

19、uipment of the new trendefficiency, quality is the subject of advanced manufacturing technology. high-speed, high precision technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten the production cycle and improve market competitiveness japan carries the technology will

20、be included as one of five great modem manufacturing technologies, international institute of production engineering (cirp) to determine the center of the 21st century research direction.in the car industry, with an annual production of 300,000 beat is 40 seconds / vehicle and car equipment variety

21、processing is one of the key must be addressed; in the aviation and aerospace industry, and its processing for the thin -walled parts and more and thin muscle, stiffness is poor, the material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, high cutting speed and cutting force only in the case of a small can of these

22、 bars, wall processing.recently, the whole aluminum alloy with large blank "hollowed outn approach to make wings, fuselage and other large part to replace multiple parts through a large number of rivets, screws and other assembly connection means, so that component strength, rigidity and depend

23、ability increased. these are made of processing equipment, high speed, high precision and high flexibility.judging from the em02001 exhibition, high-speed machining center feed rate of up to 80m/min9 or even higher, and air speed up to loom/min so. currently many of the world automobile plant, inclu

24、ding shanghai general motors, have adopted high-speed machining center part of the production line of machine tool alternatives.cincinnati hypermach us company's largest machine tool feed speed up to 60m/inin9 quick to 100m/min? acceleration up to 2g, spindle speed has reached 60 ooor/min. aircr

25、aft parts machining a thin-walled, only 30min, and the same high-speed milling machine pails in general need to 3h, in the general milling machine to be 8h; german/s dual-spindle lathe dmg spindle speed and acceleration of up to 12 *! ooor/mm and lg.in the processing accuracy, the past 10 years, the

26、 general level of precision cnc machine tools increased from 10|im to 5|im, precision machining center from the 3 5pm, increased to 1 1.5pm, and ultra-precision machining has begun to enter the nano-scalc precision (0.01|im).in terms of reliability, mtbf values foreign numerical control device has r

27、eached more than 6 oooh, the servo system mtbf value reached more than 30000h, showing a very high reliability.in order to achieve high-speed, high precision, ancillary features such as spindle, linear motor has been the rapid development of application has been further expanded,1.2 5-axis machining

28、 and rapid development of machine tool5-axis machining of three-dimensional surface, can be the best geometry of the cutting tool, not only finish high, but efficiency is greatly improved. generally believed that 1 5-axis machine tool efficiency can be equal to 2 sets 3 axis machine tools, particula

29、rly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling of hardened steel cutter part, the 5-axis machining 3-axis than play a more effective process. but in the past due to 5-axis cnc system, the host structure of complex reasons, the price than the 3-axis nc machine to

30、ol several times higher, in addition to programming more difficult, limiting the development of 5-axis machine tools.in em02001 exhibition, new japan engineering machine 5face machining of composite spindle head, can achieve four vertical plane processing and the processing of any angle, making the

31、5-sided machining and 5 axis machining can be implemented on the same machine, but also can be achieved and the inverted cone inclined plane processing. german companies exhibit dmuvoution series dmg machining center, a fixture in the next 5-sided machining and 5 axis machining, cnc system can be co

32、ntrolled or cad / cam, directly or indirectly control 1.3 intelligent, open, network development as the main contemporary trends in numerical control system21 numerical control equipment will be sure the intelligent system, intelligent content included in all aspects of the numerical control system:

33、 the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality of intelligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; to improve the performance and easy to use intelligent connection, such as feedforward control, adaptive computing motor parameters, automa

34、tic identification of load select models, self-tuning, etc.; simplify programming, simplifying operational aspects of intelligence, such as smart of automatic programming, intelligent manmachine interfaces; also intelligent diagnosis, intelligent control aspects, to facilitate system diagnostics and

35、 maintenance.cnc system to address the closure of the traditional cnc applications and industrial production problems. at present, many countries of open cnc system, such as the united states, ngc, ec osaca, japan, osec, china, onc and so on.open cnc system has become a numerical control system of t

36、he future of the road. the so-called open-cnc system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platform, facing the machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting out the stmeture object (nc function) to form a series, and easily the user's

37、special applications and technical know-how into the control system, rapid implementation of different varieties, different grades of open cnc system, the formation of a distinct brand personality.the open numerical control system architecture specification, communication specifications, configurati

38、on specifications, operating platform, function libraries and cnc numerical control system software development tools, system function is the core of the current study.2 pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the basic estimatecnc technology in china started in 195&

39、nearly 50 years of development can be divided into three phases: the first from 1958 to 1979, that closed development stage at this stage, due to blockade of foreign technology and our basic conditions, numerical control technology development is relatively slow.the second stage is in the state'

40、s njune, "july” and during the ”eighth five-year period”, the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption, the initial set up phase of the localization system. in this stage, due to the reform and opening up and national attention, and research and development to improve the environmen

41、t and the international environment, china's numerical control technology research, development and localization of products have made great progress-the third stage is in the country ”eighth," the latter and the "ninth five-year11 period, that the implementation of industry research,

42、market competition stage at this stage, china's domestic numerical control equipment industry has made substantial progress. in the "ninth five-year/1 the end of the domesticade cnc machine tools market share of 50%, with domestic cnc system (popular) also reached 10%.throughout the past 50

43、 years of cnc technology development process, especially through four 5-year plan of research, on the whole achieved the following results.a. laid the foundation for the development of numerical control technology, the basic grasp of modem cnc technology. our country is now basically understood from

44、 the nc system, servo drives, cnc host, plane and fittings based technology, which already has most of the technical basis for commercial development, part of the technology has been the commercialization and industrialization.b. formed a numerical industrial base. in the commercialization of resear

45、ch results and on the basis of some technology, such as the establishment of central nc, with a production capacity of aerospace cnc cnc system manufacture匚 lanzhou electric factory, nc central and a number of servo systems and servo motor manufacturing plant and the beijing first machine tool plant

46、, jinan first machine tool factory hosts a number of cnc manufacturing facility. these plants basically cnc industrial base of china.from an international point of view, on the level of numerical control technology and industrialization level is estimated as follows.a. the technical level, with fore

47、ign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in technology is more sophisticated.b. industry level, market share is low, species coverage is small, there is no scale production; specialized features of lower production levels and complete; appearance quality is relatively poor; reliability is n

48、ot high, lack of commercialization; made cncsystem not yet established its own brand, user confidencec. the ability of sustainable development, to pre-competitive research and development of numerical control technology, engineering weak; efforts to expand the field of numerical control technology i

49、s not strong; relevant standards research, development lags behindthe gap of the main reasons there are the following.a. system aspects. from a technical point of concern when the issue of cnc multi-industry, from the systematic perspective of industry chain issues into account when the cnc industry

50、 less; not established a complete matching system of high-quality, comprehensive training, services, network support system .b. mechanism bad causes the brain drain, but also restricts the line of technology and technology innovation product innovation, and effective implementation of the planning c

51、onstraints, are often the ideal planning, implementation difficulties.c. technology. enterprises in technology innovation is not strong, the core technology, engineering capability is not strong standard machine behind the low level of numerical control system the new standard is not enough.3 pairs

52、of numerical control technology and industrial development of the strategic thinking3.1 strategic considerationschina is a manufacturing country in the world should try to accept the transfer of industries in the front instead of back-end of the transfer, that is, to master the core technology of ad

53、vanced manufacturing, or in the new round of international industrial structure adjustment, china's manufacturing industry will be further "empty core.n our resources, the environment, the market price, the exchange may be just get the new world economic pattern in the international "processing center11 and "assembly center11 and not grasp the core technology of the manufacturing center, this will seriously affect our development of modem manutacturing processes-we should stand