初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案

1、中学英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案（一）语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式， 用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系；所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的；语态有两种： 主动语态和被动语态； 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态；如： they built the bridge.the bridge was built by them. 二 被动语态的构成被动语态由 “助动词 be及物动词的过去分词 ”构成；人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的； 现以 teach 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成；一般现在时： amisare taught一般过

2、去时： was were taught一般将来时： will shall be taught现在进行时： amisare being taught 过去进行时： have has been taught 现在完成时： have has been taught歌诀是：被动语态be 字变，过去分词跟后面；情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个学问点：情态动词+be+ 过去分词 三 被动语态的用法(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁；例如：some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了；不知道电脑是谁偷的 this book was pub

3、lished in 1981.这本书出版于 1981 年；(2) 强调动作的承担者，而不强调动作的执行者； 例如： the window was broken by mike. 窗户是迈克打破的；this book was written by him.这本书是他写的；eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必需得到保证；歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承担者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与留意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾， by 短语后面跟；谓语动词变被动， be 后“过分”来使用

4、；(1) 通常的方法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为 “be / get +过去分词 ”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by 的宾语 如动作的执行者没有必要说明就可以省略该by 短语 ；如：li lei planted the tree last year. the tree was planted by li lei last year.这棵树是李蕾去年栽的；workers made the machines in changsha. the machines were made inchangsha.这些机器是长沙造的；(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为

5、被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语就留在原处成为主语补足语；如：he painted the door green yesterday. the door was painted green yesterday.昨天门被漆成绿色了；留意：表示 “使、让 ”的动词 make, have 等，以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等，感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带 to 不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带 to 不定式； 如：i saw a bag drop from the bu

6、s. a bag was seen to drop from the bus.mother made her baby sleep in her arms. the baby was made to sleep in her mother s arms.i saw him go into the teachersoffice.he was seen to go into the teachers观察他进入了老师办公室；office.(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语， 而在间接宾语前加to或 for留在动词之后； 也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语

7、留在动词之后；但一般采纳后一种用法；如：he gave me the pen last year. i was given the pen last year. / the pen was given to me last year.这支笔是去年给我的；直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语；如：mr. smith gave us a lecture. we were given a lecture by mr. smith.或 -a lecture was given by mr. smith.当句中含有 return, write, find, buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主

8、语，同时要留意介词的搭配；如：i returned him the book. the book was returned to him.（留意用 to ） he wrote me a short note. a short note was written to me.留意用 tohe found me an umbrella. an umbrella was found for me. 留意用 for i bought her some flowers. some flowers were bought for her.（留意用 for ）【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带 to 的动词有：b

9、ring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带 for 的动词有： book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等；(4) 动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式；如：he was said to get hurt in the car accident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了；i

10、t was said that he got hurt in the car accident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了；(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略，短语动词应当看作一个整体；如：she has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术；the baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照料；his plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的方案大家都嘲笑；we cantlookdownuponanybody. anybody can bte loo

11、ked down upon.the doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every day. thelightsare turnedoffat11 pmbythedoorkeepereveryday. thenurseistakingcareofthesickman. the sickmanisbeingtakencareofby thenurse.（ 6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do 变成 to be done（五）不用被动语态的情形1 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail

12、, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.如， after the fire, very little remained of my house.比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词； raise, seat 是及物动词；错 the price has been risen.对 the price has risen.错 the accident was happened la

13、st week.对 the accident happened last week.错 the price has raised.对 the price has been raised.错 please seat.对 please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须留意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的；特殊是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法；解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积存；2 ）动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+ 表语”结构，一般学习方法是靠平常积存；如： he is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁；the boy was lost in the s

14、treet.男孩在街上迷路了；the girl is dressed in a red skirt.这个女孩穿着红裙子；he was drunk in the bar.他在酒吧喝醉了；my dream is gone with the wind.我的梦随风而去了；3 ）当 break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write, open,close等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义；glass breaks easily.玻璃易碎；the cloth washes well.这种布料很好洗； this new book

15、 sells well.新书很畅销； dry wood burns easily.干柴易燃；the letter reads as follows.信的内容如下； the glass cleans easily.这些杯子易洗； the new car runs well.这辆新车跑得很正常；my new bike rides well.我的新自行车很好骑；the shoes wear long.这种鞋子很耐穿；the pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅；the shop opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm4) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词

16、短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to如， this key just fits the lock.your story agrees with what had already been heard.5) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, g

17、et, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnit sounds good.6) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeshe dreamed a bad dream last night.7) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态；对 she likes to swim.错 to swim is liked by her.二、复习时需要留意的要点（ 1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语

18、态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by 的宾语；（ 2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语， 保留间接宾语； 此时， 一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词；（ 3）在短语 see sb. do sth.中，动词 see 后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补；改为被动语态时要加上to ；用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear 等，以及使役动词make, let 等；小试 用括号中动词的适当形式填空；1. the mid-autumn festival celeb

19、rate inchina.2. i ask by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday.3. books of this kind sell very well.4. have you moved into the new house. not yet, the room paint.5. the boy bring up in the countryside.6. a good job me last year. offerkey:1. is celebrated2. was asked3. sell4. is being painted5. wa

20、s brought up6. was offered to中学英语被动语态专项练习 1 the people's republic of china on october 1, 1949.a. found b. was founded c. is founded d. was found 2 english in canada.a. speaks b. are spoken c. is speaking d. is spoken 3 this english song by the girls after class.a. often sings b. often sangc. is

21、often sang d. is often sung 4 this kind of car in japan.a, makes b. made c. is making d. is made 5 new computers all over the world.a. is used b. are using c. are used d. have used 6 our room must clean.a. keep b. be kept c. to be kept d. to keep 7 -i'd like to buy that coat.-i'm sorry. .a.

22、it sold b. it's selling c. it's been sold d. it had been sold8a new house at the corner of the road.a. is building b. is being built c. been built d. be building 9 the key on the table when i leave.a. was left b. will be left c. is left d. has been left 10 doctors in every part of the world.

23、a. need b. are needing c. are needed d. will need11his new book next month.a.willbepublishedb.ispublishingc.isbeingpublishedd.hasbeen published 12 japanese in every country.a. is not spoken b. are spoken c. is speaking d. is not speaking 13 these papers yet.a.have not writtenb. have not been written

24、c. has not writtend. has not been written 14 the sports meet be held until next week.a. didn't b. won't c. isn't d. doesn't 15 -my shoes are worn out.a. can't they be mended. b. let me have a look at it.c. how much do they cost. d. can't they mended. 16 the watch been repaire

25、d yet. i badly need it.a. does b. has c. is d. are 17 these desks be needed.a. will b. are c. has d. do 18 why to talk about it yesterday.a. didn't a meeting holdb. wasn't a meeting heldc. wasn't held a meetingd. a meeting wasn't held 19 who was the book .a. write b. wrote c. written

26、 d. written by 20 where these boxesa. was b. were c. is d. am21 the flowers often.a. must be water b. must be watered c. must watered d. must water 22 the books may for two weeks.a. be kept b. be borrowed c. keep d. borrow 23 the broken bike here by mr smith.a. can mend b. can mended c. can be mend

27、d. can be mended 24 the old bridge in my hometown next month.a.is going to be rebuiltb. will rebuiltc. are going to be rebuiltd. are going to rebuilt 25 the play at the theatre next sunday.a. is going to be shown b. will shownc. will show d. is shown 26 the old stone bridge next week.a.is going to b

28、e rebuiltb. will be rebuildc. are going to be rebuiltd. will rebuild27now these magazines in the library for a long time.a. have keptb. are keepingc. have been keeping d. have been kept 28the pot for hot water.a.used; keepingb. was used; keepingc. is used; to keepd. are used; keep 29tea in the south

29、 of china.a. grows b. is grown c. were grown d. will grow 30 the bridges two years ago.a. is built b. built c. were built d. was built 31 wet clothes are often up near a fire in rainy weather.a. hang b. hanged c. hanging d. hung32 the river smells terrible. people must dirty things into it.a. be sto

30、pped to throwb. be stopped from throwingc. stop to throwd. stop from throwing 33 the teapot water.a. is filled with b. filled ofc. fulling of d. filled 34old people must be looked after well and politely.a. speak to b. spoken c. speak d. spoken to 35 old people must .a. look after wellb. be looked w

31、ell afterc. looked well afterd. be looked after well 36 newly-born babies in hospital.a. are taken good careb. are taken good care ofc. take good care ofd. take good care 37 they were at the sudden noise.a. frightening b. frightened c. frighten d. frightens 38these walls stone.a.are made ofb. made o

32、fc. are made intod. made into 39 jane to sing us an american song last saturday.a. called b. was asked c. told d. was said 40 the papers to them.a. were shown b. show c. shown / d. have shown 41 the coat her sister.a. made to b. were made for c. was made for d. was made to 42 i five minutes to decid

33、e whether i should go or not.a. gave b. was giving c. had given d. was given 43 good care such things.a.should take ofb. should be takenc. should be takingd. should be taken of 44she will good care .a. take; of b. be taken; of c. take; for you d. be taken; of you 45the teacher made him his homework.a. to dob. doc. didd. done 46 the boy streets without pay in the old days.a. was made to clean b. made cleanc. made to clean d. was made clean 47 these children dance.a. were seen to b. were seen for c. were seen d. saw to 48 thesestones well.a. are fitte