初中英语语法--名词专题2

1、学习必备欢迎下载名词（一）一、名词的概念： 在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称 的词都叫名词 ；二、名词的分类：1专出名词：它的第一个字母通常大写；a. 人名、地名、国名等例如： lucy, shanghai, china b.组织、团体、机构等例如: the united nationsc.语言、星期、月份等例如： english, friday, march 留意介词 in/on/at 的用法 留意：国家与人的对应china- chineseamerica- americansaustralia-

2、australians canada- canadiansjapan- japanesegermany- germans france-frenchmanfrenchmengb-englishmanenglishmen2 一般名词：（ 1）不行数名词 ：不行以直接以数字运算的名词； 例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news 新闻，food, rain, weather, juice, milk,meat, money ， english, fruit , information不行数名词要表示详细数量，必需借助of 短语；如不能说 one bre

3、ad，但是可以说 one piece of bread和 two pieces of bread；只能用来修饰不行数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：little 很少的（表示否定） ； a little 一些（表示确定），much（很多），how much（多少）， a bit of（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不行数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some一些，用于确定句 , any（一些，用于否定和疑问句） a lot of 很多, lots of 很多不行数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of例如： a piece of newsa cup of teaa piece of bread

4、two pieces of news two cups of teatwo pieces of bread留意： a bag of apples学习必备欢迎下载（ 2）可数名词 ：可以直接以 数字运算 的名词；如 one book、two pens；可数名词有数的变化， 即每个名词都有 单数和复数 两种形式；可数名词可以用两种方式表示详细数量： 1、直接在其前加数词； 2、在其前加 of 短语（ of+可以用作计量的名词）；如： one egg, two eggs; one basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs 名词复数的构成：a. 一般情形下，直接在词尾加s

5、;例如：book-booksgirl-girlsdesk-desksb. 以s, x,sh,ch结尾 的 ， 在 词 尾加es； 例 如 ： box-boxesbus-buses watch-watchesfish-fishesc. 以辅音字母 +y结尾的，变 y 为 i加 es; 例如： city-citiesfamily-families以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+y结尾的， 直接加 s; 例如：boy-boysday-days key-keysd. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的，变f 或 fe 为 v 加 es; 例如： knife-kniveslife-lives wife-

6、wiveshalf-halves 但 roof, scarf 后直接加 se. 以 o 结尾的， 有生命的 或以辅音字母加o 结尾的 加 es, 没生命的（或以元音字母加 o 结尾的）加 s; 例如： radio-radiosnegro-negroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeszoo-zoospiano-pianosphoto-photos 但 hippo 后直接加 s以下名词特殊简单出错，请留意：stomach胃 stomachs, roof屋顶roofs, reef暗礁reefs,belief 信仰 beliefs，handkerchief 手帕handk

7、erchiefs/handkerchievesman-men, woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth, goose-geese, child-children, fish-fish/fishes,sheep-sheep, ox-oxen （ 公 牛 ） ,deer-deer, chinese-chinese,japanese-japanese, mouse-micepoliceman-policemen 等注： german德国人germans只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：few 很少的（表示否定），a few 一些（表示确定），many（很多），

8、how many（多少）， a number of很多的 , several几个课堂练习：学习必备欢迎下载一、写出以下名词的复数形式：1.egg 4. knife 7. desk 2. watch 5. radio 8. glass 3. story 6. tomato 9. child 10. sheep11. chinese 12.pencil-box 13. wife 14. family 15. city 16. dress 17.englishman 18. match 19. exam 22. .juice 25.paper 28.bus 20. german 23.water 2

9、6.factory 29.class 21. potato 24.holiday 27. thief 30.glass 31. wife32. baby33. policeman34.brush二、单项挑选1. please pass me .a. two glass of waterb. two glasses of watersc. two glasses of waterd. two glass water2. they got much from those new books.a. ideasb. photosc.informationd. stories3. he had some

10、thing to write down and asked me for .a.a paperb.some papersc.some pieces of papersd.a piece of paper4. some are flying kites near the river. a.childb.boyc.boysd.childs5. i d like some water, but he wants .a. two bottle orangeb. two bottles of orangec. two bottles of oranges d. two bottles of orange

11、s6. look at the . you can see and .a. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radioes b. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radiosc. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios d. photos; potatos, tomatos, radioes7. cut the apple into .a. halfsb.halvesc. half8. mr. lin often gives us by e-mail.a. some good informationb. some

12、good informationsc. good informationsd. a good information学习必备欢迎下载9. there are in the fields. they re eating grass.a. a horseb. much horsesc. many horsed. many horses10. i am thirsty. would you bring me , please. a.some bread b.some water c.some cakesd.some eggs11. -how great dalian radio and tv cen

13、ter looks.- yes. that s one of the greatest in dalian.a. buildingb. buildc. buildingsd. builds12. how many has the old farmer got.a. fieldb. sheepc. muttond. cow13. the guide has some new . she can show them to us. a.riceb.foodc.jacketd.pictures14. -what would you like to drink, girls. - , please.a.

14、two cup of coffeeb.two cups of coffeesc.two cups of coffeed.two cup of coffees15. the are going to fly to beijing. a.germenb.germanyc.germanysd.germans16. the has two .a.boys, watchesb.boy, watchc.boy, watchesd.boys,watch17. the boy always stays there for .a.one and half hourb.one and a half hourc.o

15、ne and half hoursd.one and a half hours18. -they are thirsty. will you please give them . -certainly.a.some bottles of waters b.some bottles of waterc.some bottle of waterd.some bottle of waters19. don t you think dalian is one of the most beautiful in china.a.citiesb.cityc.placed.towns up20. -what

16、can i do for you. -i m looking for .a.a pair of shoesb.a pair of t-shirtc.two pairs of hatd.two pair of trousers21. twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident. a.person; lifeb.people; livesc.peoples; livesd.persons; life学习必备欢迎下载22. there are on the table.a.a glass ofwaterb.a glass of milkc.

17、twoglasses ofwaterd.a glass of orange23. there are few in the fridge. let gso and buy some peas, carrots andcabbages.a.vegetablesb.fruitc.meatd.eggs24. mr. smith always has to tell us.a.some good pieces of newsb.some pieces of good news c.some good piece of newsd.some piece of good news25. there is

18、a lot of in the box.a. cakeb.bags of cakes c.milkd.bags of milk课后作业：一、英汉互译1.一片面包2.一瓶牛奶3.一箱苹果4.一碗汤5.一条消息6.四杯桔子汁7.五包糖果8.两公斤牛肉9.十一名美国人10. 六名女同学二、用所给名词的正确形式填空；1. i have twoknife.2. there are manybox here.3. i got a lot of christmascard.4. there is a pair ofglass on the table.5. there are a fewpeople in

19、the playground.6. how manyship can you see in the picture.7. mike has sevenfriend.8. a fewboy are drawing on the wall.学习必备欢迎下载9. he has some interestingbook.10. thechild are playing football now.三、单项挑选1. he is hungry. give him to eat.a. two breadsb. two piece of breadc. two pieces of bread d. two pi

20、eces of breads2. i would like to have .a. two glasses of milkb. two glass of milkc. two glasses of milksd. two glass of milks3. can you give me .a. a teab. some cup of teac. a cup tea d . a cup of tea4. please give me paper.a. oneb. a piecec. ad. a piece of5. john bought for himself yesterday.a. two

21、 pairs of shoesb. two pair of shoec. two pair of shoesd. two pairs shoes6. children should make for old people in a bus.a. roomb. a roomc. roomsd. the room7. there are sixty-seven in our school.a. women's teacherb. women teachersc. woman teachersd. women teacher8. we needsome more .can yougoand

22、getsome, please.a. potatob.potatosc.potatoesd.potatos9.a group of are talking with two over there.a. frenchmen; germans b. frenchmen; germen c. german; frenchmen d. germans; frenchmans11. lucy and i go to school every day.a. on feetb. on footc. by footsd. by buses12. are those . n- o, they aren t. t

23、hey re .a. sheep; cows b. sheep; cow c. sheeps; cowd. sheeps; cows 13.she is the tallest ofin the family.学习必备欢迎下载a. any sisterb. all the sistersc. all her sistersd. any other sisters14. they dont have to dotoday.a. muchhomeworkb.manyhomeworksc.manyhomeworkd.much homeworks15. the chinese people enjoy

24、 happynow.a. lifeb. lifesc. a lifed. lives名词（二）重点： 名词全部格在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上s, 用来表示所属关系，这种结构称为名词的全部格；1. 单数名词变全部格，只需在词尾加s.eg. the boys schoolbagthe workers shoes2. 复数名词的词尾已有s, 只需加 即可；eg. the teachersofficethe studentspens3. 如复数名词词尾无s, 就应加 s.eg. womens daythe peoples park4. 无生命的词的全部格一般可用of 加名词这一结构来表示；eg.

25、the name of the museumthe center of the city5. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最终一个人的名词前加s，如表示各自全部， 就每个名词后都要加 s.eg. jim and toms bedroom 吉姆和汤姆的卧房 （两人共有）jims and toms bedrooms 吉姆和汤姆的卧房 （两人各自全部）课堂练习：一、用 s 或 of填空；1. my motherbag2. tomfriend3. the doorour room4. postmenbags5. the teachersdesk6. a bookmy fathers学习必备欢迎下载二

26、、汉译英1.露西的书2.同学们的鞋子3.李明的猫4.母亲的裙子5.这个公园的花6.我们教室的墙三、用所给名词的正确形式填空；1. this ismay book.2. mybrothers toy cars are very beautiful.3. he is a friend of mymother.4. thatsken and bill new bedroom.5. -whose are these lunchbox.-they areben.6. pat bag is very pretty.（ bob） is very pretty, too.7. these books are

27、myfriend.8. tomorrow is june 1st. it schildren day.四、单项挑选1. this is not your radio, but.a. yours brotherb. your brothersc. you brothersd. yours brothers2. september 10th isday.a. teacherb. teachersc. teachersd. teacherss3. jane issister.a. mary and jackb. marys and jacksc. marys and jackd. mary and

28、jacks4. i will give youto finish it.a. two weeks timeb. two week timec. two weekstimed. two weeks time5. miss smith is a friend of.a. mary s mothersb. marys motherc. mary mothersd. mothers of mary6. march 8th isday.学习必备欢迎下载a. womanb. womenc. womensd. womans7. mary went tolast night.a. the house of h

29、er fatherb. hers fathers housec. the houses her fatherd. her fathers house8. there aresheep in this place.a. a lotb. lotc. muchd. many9. its aboutwalk from this shop to the nearest bus stop.a. three minutesb. three minutec. three minutesd. three minutess10. the doctor was very happy. he mademistakes in the exam.a. a littleb. littlec. fewd. a few课后练习：一、用 s 或 of填空；1. the desksour classroom2.