2022年with复合结构和独立主格结构

1、学习必备欢迎下载独立主格结构和with / without 复合结构1.概念 : 独立主格结构不是一个独立的句子，有逗号，在句中充当状语、可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构 : 名词 /代词+ 非谓语（ doing & todo & done 形容词 &副词介词短语taking your age into consideration, y ou d better not go hiking.your age taken into consideration, you d better not go hik ing. () 名词 /代词 +分词 (过去分

2、词done & 现在分词doing 当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首 ,也可放在句尾 ;作伴随状语时 ,常放在句首。1._, they left the meeting room.（问题解决了） （settle）2._ , well go there on foot.( 时间允许的话 )(permit) 3.he was lying on the grass, _( 他的手交叉在手下) (cross) ()名词 /代词+ (being) 形容词1._, he had to stay home to look aft

3、er her.( 他妈妈生病了) 2. he entered the house, _（red）(他的鼻子冻得通红) ()名词代词（being) 副词he put on his socks，_.（反的一面在外面）(out ()名词代词不定式1.i send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005 湖南 ) a. follows b. followed c. to follow d. being followed 2._ (最后一个人的到来)， our party will start. （arrive）（）名词代词介词短语在这一结构

4、中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本书 ) 2._ , the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.( 肩上一面旗帜）()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或 having been，这是为了简练。但在“ being+ 过去分词 ” 或 “ there being 过去分词 ” 结构中， being 不可省。1._, he went to school

5、.( 早餐结束后 )（over）2._, she went back to her room. ( 没有闹钟的原因) 3._, we can t go there. (房间正在被油漆) 二 with 和 without 复合结构with 和 without 复合结构是 :with/without 名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。（） with/without 名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。() with/without 名词代词 + 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。() with/without 名词代词不定式。用不定式

6、表示将要发生的动作。()with/without 名词代词形容词。1. she sleeps with the window _. 2. i couldnt finish my work with those children _. a. playing around b. plays around c. played around d. to play around 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7、 - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载(1) on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking. a. their b. whose c. which d. that (2) on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking. a. their b. w

8、hose c. which d. that (3) on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking. a. their b. whose c. which d. that (4) on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking. a. their b. whose c. which d. that (5) on sunda

9、ys there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking. a. their b. whose c. which d. that in the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. a. fixing b. fixes c. fixed d. to fix with a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected

10、 president is having a hard time. a. settled b. settling c. to settle d. being settled 三 with 和 without 复合结构与独立主格结构的转化（）with 和 without 复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。（）作时间状语with winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and

11、some birds fly south. = when winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. （）作原因状语with the key lost, she could not enter the room. =the key lost, she could not enter the room. =as/because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room. (3)作条件状语with time permitting, well visit

12、 the summer palace. =time permitting, well visit the summer palace. =if time permits, well visit the summer palace. (4)作伴随状语here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. =here are the first three

13、 volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month. () with 和 without 复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom. 巩固练习1._ ten minutes _ before the last t

14、rain left, we arrived at the station. a. there were; to go b. with; to go c. i was; left d. it had; left 2.the lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. a.20 dollars remained b.20 dollars to remain 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p

15、 d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载c.remained 20 dollars d. remaining 20 dollars 3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. a. until b. as c. with d. because 4.it was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. a. for b. with c. from d. of 5

16、.the weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. a. was b. is c. were d. being 6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. a. stick in hand b. with a stick in his hand c. sticks in hand d. sticks in hands 7. the boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. a. being closed; tr

17、embling b. closed; trembling c. closed; trembled d. closing; trembled 8._,the work can be done much better. a. given more time b. we had been given more time c. more time given d. if more time had given 9.weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. a. permits b. will permit c. to permit d.

18、 permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. a. it was b. it is c. it being d. having been ?一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . 2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . ?a. having been told b. told c. he was told d. though he told 3. _to the l

19、eft , youll find the post office . 4. if you _to the left , youll find the post office . 5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . ?a. turning b. to turn c. turn d. turned ?二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1.

20、_no buses , we have to walk home . ?a. there being b. it were c. there were d. it being 2. _sunday i shall have a quiet day at home . ?三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . ?a. seen b. seeing c. to see

21、 d.see 3. the dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside . 4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . ?a. was washed b. washed c. were washed d. having washed ?四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1. the building _now will be a restaurant . 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

22、- 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载2. the building _next year will be a restaurant . 3. the building _last year is a restaurant. a. having been built b.to be built c. being built d. built 1. he had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. a. whom b. them c. which d. who 2.on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. a. their b. whose c. which d. that (1) on sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ pare